Composition Studies Of Ultra High Energy Cosmic Rays Using Data Of The Pierre Auger Observatory
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Composition Studies Of Ultra High Energy Cosmic Rays Using Data Of The Pierre Auger Observatory
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Author : Karen Salomé Caballero Mora
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2010
Composition Studies Of Ultra High Energy Cosmic Rays Using Data Of The Pierre Auger Observatory written by Karen Salomé Caballero Mora and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010 with categories.
Mass Composition Studies Of Ultra High Energy Cosmic Rays Through The Measurement Of The Muon Production Depths At The Pierre Auger Observatory
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2014
Mass Composition Studies Of Ultra High Energy Cosmic Rays Through The Measurement Of The Muon Production Depths At The Pierre Auger Observatory written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014 with categories.
The Pierre Auger Observatory (Auger) in Argentina studies Ultra High Energy Cosmic Rays (UHECRs) physics. The flux of cosmic rays at these energies (above 1018 eV) is very low (less than 100 particle/km2-year) and UHECR properties must be inferred from the measurements of the secondary particles that the cosmic ray primary produces in the atmosphere. These particles cascades are called Extensive Air Showers (EAS) and can be studied at ground by deploying detectors covering large areas. The EAS physics is complex, and the properties of secondary particles depend strongly on the first interaction, which takes place at an energy beyond the ones reached at accelerators. As a consequence, the analysis of UHECRs is subject to large uncertainties and hence many of their properties, in particular their composition, are still unclear. Two complementary techniques are used at Auger to detect EAS initiated by UHE- CRs: a 3000 km2 surface detector (SD) array of water Cherenkov tanks which samples particles at ground level and fluorescence detectors (FD) which collect the ultraviolet light emitted by the de-excitation of nitrogen nuclei in the atmosphere, and can operate only in clear, moonless nights. Auger is the largest cosmic rays detector ever built and it provides high-quality data together with unprecedented statistics. The main goal of this thesis is the measurement of UHECR mass composition using data from the SD of the Pierre Auger Observatory. Measuring the cosmic ray composition at the highest energies is of fundamental importance from the astrophysical point of view, since it could discriminate between different scenarios of origin and propagation of cosmic rays. Moreover, mass composition studies are of utmost importance for particle physics. As a matter of fact, knowing the composition helps in exploring the hadronic interactions at ultra-high energies, inaccessible to present accelerator experiments.
Mass Composition Studies Of Ultra High Energy Cosmic Rays Through The Measurement Of The Muon Production Depths At The Pierre Auger Observatory
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Author : Laura Collica
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2014
Mass Composition Studies Of Ultra High Energy Cosmic Rays Through The Measurement Of The Muon Production Depths At The Pierre Auger Observatory written by Laura Collica and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014 with categories.
The Pierre Auger Observatory studies Ultra High Energy Cosmic Rays (UHECRs) physics. The flux of UHECRs is very low (less than 1 particle/km2-year) and their properties must be inferred from the measurements of the secondary particles that the cosmic ray primary produces in the atmosphere. These particles cascades are called Extensive Air Showers (EAS) and can be studied at ground by deploying detectors covering large areas. The EAS physics is complex, and the properties of secondary particles depend strongly on the first interaction, which takes place at an energy beyond the ones reached at accelerators. As a consequence, the analysis of UHECRs is subject to large uncertainties and hence many of their properties, in particular their composition, are still unclear. Two complementary techniques are used at Auger to detect EAS initiated by UHECRs: a 3000 km2 surface detector (SD) array of water Cherenkov tanks which samples particles at ground level and fluorescence detectors (FD) which collect the ultraviolet light emitted by the de-excitation of nitrogen nuclei in the atmosphere, and can operate only in clear, moonless nights. The main goal of this thesis is the measurement of UHECR mass composition using data from the SD of the Pierre Auger Observatory. Measuring the cosmic ray composition at the highe-st energies is of fundamental importance for particle physics and astrophysics. Indeed, it allows to explore the hadronic interactions at ultra-high energies, and to discriminate between different scenarios of origin and propagation of cosmic rays.
Determining The Mass Composition Of Ultra High Energy Cosmic Rays Using The Principle Of Shower Universality And Data From The Pierre Auger Observatory
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Author : Andrea Biscoveanu
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2017
Determining The Mass Composition Of Ultra High Energy Cosmic Rays Using The Principle Of Shower Universality And Data From The Pierre Auger Observatory written by Andrea Biscoveanu and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017 with categories.
The mass composition of cosmic rays is an important parameter for determining their origin. Using both fluorescence and surface detectors, The Pierre Auger Observatory measures the depth of shower maximum, Xmax, from which the mass of the primary particle can be inferred. The surface detector measurement, which is based on the principle of shower universality, increases the number of available statistics for Xmax by at least a factor of 10 since it is no longer limited by the low duty cycle of the fluorescence detector. We compare the energy and arrival directions determined using this new reconstruction to both the official surface and fluorescence detector reconstructions and present an event by event comparison of the \Xmax values calculated using both types of detectors for events with energies above 10^{18.8} eV. We use this new reconstruction method based on universality to conduct preliminary anisotropy studies discriminating by the mass of the primary particle.
Measurement Of The Muon Atmospheric Production Depth With The Water Cherenkov Detectors Of The Pierre Auger Observatory
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2015
Measurement Of The Muon Atmospheric Production Depth With The Water Cherenkov Detectors Of The Pierre Auger Observatory written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015 with categories.
Ultra-high-energy cosmic rays (UHECR) are particles of uncertain origin and composition, with energies above 1 EeV (1018 eV or 0.16 J). The measured flux of UHECR is a steeply decreasing function of energy. The largest and most sensitive apparatus built to date to record and study cosmic ray Extensive Air Showers (EAS) is the Pierre Auger Observatory. The Pierre Auger Observatory has produced the largest and finest amount of data ever collected for UHECR. A broad physics program is being carried out covering all relevant topics of the field. Among them, one of the most interesting is the problem related to the estimation of the mass composition of cosmic rays in this energy range. Currently the best measurements of mass are those obtained by studying the longitudinal development of the electromagnetic part of the EAS with the Fluorescence Detector. However, the collected statistics is small, specially at energies above several tens of EeV. Although less precise, the volume of data gathered with the Surface Detector is nearly a factor ten larger than the fluorescence data. So new ways to study composition with data collected at the ground are under investigation. The subject of this thesis follows one of those new lines of research. Using preferentially the time information associated with the muons that reach the ground, we try to build observables related to the composition of the primaries that initiated the EAS. A simple phenomenological model relates the arrival times with the depths in the atmosphere where muons are produced. The experimental confirmation that the distributions of muon production depths (MPD) correlate with the mass of the primary particle has opened the way to a variety of studies, of which this thesis is a continuation, with the aim of enlarging and improving its range of applicability. We revisit the phenomenological model which is at the root of the analysis and discuss a new way to improve some aspects of the model. We carry out a thorough revision of the original analysis with the aim of understanding the different contributions to the total bias and resolution when building MPDs on an event-by-event basis. We focus on an alternative way to build MPDs by considering average MPDs for ensembles of air-showers, with the aim of enlarging the range of applicability of this kind of analysis. Finally, we analyze how different improvements in the Surface Detector electronics and its internal configuration affect the resolution of the MPD. We conclude by summarizing the main results and discussing potential ways to improve MPD-based mass composition studies.
Arrival Direction Probabilities Of Ultra High Energy Cosmic Rays With The Pierre Auger Observatory And Progress Toward An In Situ Cross Calibration Of Auger And Telescope Array Surface Detector Stations
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Author : Sean P. Quinn
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2018
Arrival Direction Probabilities Of Ultra High Energy Cosmic Rays With The Pierre Auger Observatory And Progress Toward An In Situ Cross Calibration Of Auger And Telescope Array Surface Detector Stations written by Sean P. Quinn and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018 with Astrophysics categories.
The origin and nature of ultra-high energy cosmic rays is an open question in astrophysics since their discovery in the 1960s. Observed energies of these primary particles can approach greater than 10x the center of mass energies achieved at modern collider facilities, and there is presently no consensus for an astrophysical mechanism capable of reaching these energies. The Pierre Auger Observatory is the world's largest cosmic ray observatory, spanning ~3,000 km2, dedicated to this problem. After initial acceleration, the primary trajectory from source to solar system is not rectilinear due to magnetic deflection. This dissertation investigates how uncertainties of a modern galactic magnetic field model translate into arrival direction uncertainties for E>50 EeV events using a sensitivity analysis approach. In most cases it's found that uncertainties from B-field model dominate compared to observation systematic errors. Furthermore, the angular extent of 1s arrival direction contours is found to enclose many potential astrophysical objects, making it difficult to isolate individual sources. Implications for anisotropy studies are also briefly discussed.To enable full-sky coverage, Auger data can be combined with the Telescope Array Project, a similar array operating in the northern hemisphere. In both experiments most data are generated from the surface-detector (SD) array. The TA and Auger experiments use different SD station designs, giving them different sensitivities to extensive air-shower components. We seek to understand and cross-validate these complementary detectors on a hardware level using an in-situ approach to observe the same air showers. We describe the technical details associated with installing the detectors, data acquisition, and analysis of signals for this first stage of the Auger@TA project. Integrated signals are compared to a collection of models, and in general are found to agree with expectations. For a subsample of events air-shower parameters are available, and a sophisticated simulation is run to predict the expected response of the two detectors, which is compared to observed data. These simulations appear to show some discrepancy. Characterizing and understanding the discrepancies will be important for taking full advantage of future planned upgrades to both experiments, especially in the context of atomic composition measurements.
Astrophysical Sources Of Cosmic Rays And Related Measurements With The Pierre Auger Observatory
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2009
Astrophysical Sources Of Cosmic Rays And Related Measurements With The Pierre Auger Observatory written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009 with categories.
These are presentations to be presented at the 31st International Cosmic Ray Conference, in Lodz, Poland during July 2009. It consists of the following presentations: (1) Correlation of the highest energy cosmic rays with nearby extragalactic objects in Pierre Auger Observatory data; (2) Discriminating potential astrophysical sources of the highest energy cosmic rays with the Pierre Auger Observatory; (3) Intrinsic anisotropy of the UHECR from the Pierre Auger Observatory; (4) Ultra-high energy photon studies with the Pierre Auger Observatory; (5) Limits on the flux of diffuse ultra high energy neutrinos set using the Pierre Auger Observatory; (6) Search for sidereal modulation of the arrival directions of events recorded at the Pierre Auger Observatory; (7) Cosmic Ray Solar Modulation Studies in the Pierre Auger Observatory; (8) Investigation of the Displacement Angle of the Highest Energy Cosmic Rays Caused by the Galactic Magnetic Field; (9) Search for coincidences with astrophysical transients in Pierre Auger Observatory data; and (10) An alternative method for determining the energy of hybrid events at the Pierre Auger Observatory.
Mass Composition Of Ultra High Energy Cosmic Rays
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Author : Livingstone Ochilo
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2016
Mass Composition Of Ultra High Energy Cosmic Rays written by Livingstone Ochilo and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016 with categories.
Cosmic Ray Astronomy At The Highest Energies With Ten Years Of Data Of The Pierre Auger Observatory
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Author : Lorenzo Caccianiga
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2015
Cosmic Ray Astronomy At The Highest Energies With Ten Years Of Data Of The Pierre Auger Observatory written by Lorenzo Caccianiga and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015 with categories.
Identifying the sources of the ultra-high energy cosmic rays (UHECRs, above 10^{18} eV), the most energetic particles known in the universe, would be an important leap forward for both the astrophysics and particle physics knowledge. However, developing a cosmic-ray astronomy is arduous because magnetic fields, that permeate our Galaxy and the extra-Galactic space, deflect cosmic rays that may lose the directional information on their sources. This problem can be reduced by studying the highest energy end of the cosmic ray spectrum. Indeed, magnetic field deflections are inversely proportional to the cosmic ray energy. Moreover, above 4x10^{19} eV, cosmic rays interact with cosmic photon backgrounds, losing energy. This means that the sources of the highest energy cosmic rays observed on Earth can be located only in the nearby universe (200 Mpc or less). The largest detector ever built for detecting cosmic rays at such high energies is the Pierre Auger Observatory, in Argentina. It combines a 3000 km^2 surface array of water Cherenkov detectors with fluorescence telescopes to measure extensive air showers initiated by the UHECRs. This thesis was developed inside the Auger Collaboration and was devoted to study the highest energy events observed by Auger, starting from the selection and reconstruction up to the analysis of their distribution in the sky. Moreover, since the composition at these energies is unknown, we developed a method to select proton-like events, since high Z cosmic rays are too much deflected by magnetic fields to be used for cosmic-ray astronomy.
Different Approaches To Determine The Composition Of The Ultra High Energy Cosmic Rays In The Pierre Auger Observatory
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Author : Miguel Blanco Otano
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2014
Different Approaches To Determine The Composition Of The Ultra High Energy Cosmic Rays In The Pierre Auger Observatory written by Miguel Blanco Otano and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014 with categories.