Mass Composition Studies Of Ultra High Energy Cosmic Rays Through The Measurement Of The Muon Production Depths At The Pierre Auger Observatory
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Mass Composition Studies Of Ultra High Energy Cosmic Rays Through The Measurement Of The Muon Production Depths At The Pierre Auger Observatory
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2014
Mass Composition Studies Of Ultra High Energy Cosmic Rays Through The Measurement Of The Muon Production Depths At The Pierre Auger Observatory written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014 with categories.
The Pierre Auger Observatory (Auger) in Argentina studies Ultra High Energy Cosmic Rays (UHECRs) physics. The flux of cosmic rays at these energies (above 1018 eV) is very low (less than 100 particle/km2-year) and UHECR properties must be inferred from the measurements of the secondary particles that the cosmic ray primary produces in the atmosphere. These particles cascades are called Extensive Air Showers (EAS) and can be studied at ground by deploying detectors covering large areas. The EAS physics is complex, and the properties of secondary particles depend strongly on the first interaction, which takes place at an energy beyond the ones reached at accelerators. As a consequence, the analysis of UHECRs is subject to large uncertainties and hence many of their properties, in particular their composition, are still unclear. Two complementary techniques are used at Auger to detect EAS initiated by UHE- CRs: a 3000 km2 surface detector (SD) array of water Cherenkov tanks which samples particles at ground level and fluorescence detectors (FD) which collect the ultraviolet light emitted by the de-excitation of nitrogen nuclei in the atmosphere, and can operate only in clear, moonless nights. Auger is the largest cosmic rays detector ever built and it provides high-quality data together with unprecedented statistics. The main goal of this thesis is the measurement of UHECR mass composition using data from the SD of the Pierre Auger Observatory. Measuring the cosmic ray composition at the highest energies is of fundamental importance from the astrophysical point of view, since it could discriminate between different scenarios of origin and propagation of cosmic rays. Moreover, mass composition studies are of utmost importance for particle physics. As a matter of fact, knowing the composition helps in exploring the hadronic interactions at ultra-high energies, inaccessible to present accelerator experiments.
Mass Composition Studies Of Ultra High Energy Cosmic Rays Through The Measurement Of The Muon Production Depths At The Pierre Auger Observatory
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Author : Laura Collica
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2014
Mass Composition Studies Of Ultra High Energy Cosmic Rays Through The Measurement Of The Muon Production Depths At The Pierre Auger Observatory written by Laura Collica and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014 with categories.
The Pierre Auger Observatory studies Ultra High Energy Cosmic Rays (UHECRs) physics. The flux of UHECRs is very low (less than 1 particle/km2-year) and their properties must be inferred from the measurements of the secondary particles that the cosmic ray primary produces in the atmosphere. These particles cascades are called Extensive Air Showers (EAS) and can be studied at ground by deploying detectors covering large areas. The EAS physics is complex, and the properties of secondary particles depend strongly on the first interaction, which takes place at an energy beyond the ones reached at accelerators. As a consequence, the analysis of UHECRs is subject to large uncertainties and hence many of their properties, in particular their composition, are still unclear. Two complementary techniques are used at Auger to detect EAS initiated by UHECRs: a 3000 km2 surface detector (SD) array of water Cherenkov tanks which samples particles at ground level and fluorescence detectors (FD) which collect the ultraviolet light emitted by the de-excitation of nitrogen nuclei in the atmosphere, and can operate only in clear, moonless nights. The main goal of this thesis is the measurement of UHECR mass composition using data from the SD of the Pierre Auger Observatory. Measuring the cosmic ray composition at the highe-st energies is of fundamental importance for particle physics and astrophysics. Indeed, it allows to explore the hadronic interactions at ultra-high energies, and to discriminate between different scenarios of origin and propagation of cosmic rays.
Measurement Of The Muon Atmospheric Production Depth With The Water Cherenkov Detectors Of The Pierre Auger Observatory
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2015
Measurement Of The Muon Atmospheric Production Depth With The Water Cherenkov Detectors Of The Pierre Auger Observatory written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015 with categories.
Ultra-high-energy cosmic rays (UHECR) are particles of uncertain origin and composition, with energies above 1 EeV (1018 eV or 0.16 J). The measured flux of UHECR is a steeply decreasing function of energy. The largest and most sensitive apparatus built to date to record and study cosmic ray Extensive Air Showers (EAS) is the Pierre Auger Observatory. The Pierre Auger Observatory has produced the largest and finest amount of data ever collected for UHECR. A broad physics program is being carried out covering all relevant topics of the field. Among them, one of the most interesting is the problem related to the estimation of the mass composition of cosmic rays in this energy range. Currently the best measurements of mass are those obtained by studying the longitudinal development of the electromagnetic part of the EAS with the Fluorescence Detector. However, the collected statistics is small, specially at energies above several tens of EeV. Although less precise, the volume of data gathered with the Surface Detector is nearly a factor ten larger than the fluorescence data. So new ways to study composition with data collected at the ground are under investigation. The subject of this thesis follows one of those new lines of research. Using preferentially the time information associated with the muons that reach the ground, we try to build observables related to the composition of the primaries that initiated the EAS. A simple phenomenological model relates the arrival times with the depths in the atmosphere where muons are produced. The experimental confirmation that the distributions of muon production depths (MPD) correlate with the mass of the primary particle has opened the way to a variety of studies, of which this thesis is a continuation, with the aim of enlarging and improving its range of applicability. We revisit the phenomenological model which is at the root of the analysis and discuss a new way to improve some aspects of the model. We carry out a thorough revision of the original analysis with the aim of understanding the different contributions to the total bias and resolution when building MPDs on an event-by-event basis. We focus on an alternative way to build MPDs by considering average MPDs for ensembles of air-showers, with the aim of enlarging the range of applicability of this kind of analysis. Finally, we analyze how different improvements in the Surface Detector electronics and its internal configuration affect the resolution of the MPD. We conclude by summarizing the main results and discussing potential ways to improve MPD-based mass composition studies.
Cosmic Rays And Particle Physics
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Author :
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date :
Cosmic Rays And Particle Physics written by and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on with categories.
Handbook Of Particle Detection And Imaging
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Author : Claus Grupen
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-01-08
Handbook Of Particle Detection And Imaging written by Claus Grupen and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-01-08 with Science categories.
The handbook centers on detection techniques in the field of particle physics, medical imaging and related subjects. It is structured into three parts. The first one is dealing with basic ideas of particle detectors, followed by applications of these devices in high energy physics and other fields. In the last part the large field of medical imaging using similar detection techniques is described. The different chapters of the book are written by world experts in their field. Clear instructions on the detection techniques and principles in terms of relevant operation parameters for scientists and graduate students are given.Detailed tables and diagrams will make this a very useful handbook for the application of these techniques in many different fields like physics, medicine, biology and other areas of natural science.
Astrophysical Sources Of Cosmic Rays And Related Measurements With The Pierre Auger Observatory
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2009
Astrophysical Sources Of Cosmic Rays And Related Measurements With The Pierre Auger Observatory written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009 with categories.
These are presentations to be presented at the 31st International Cosmic Ray Conference, in Lodz, Poland during July 2009. It consists of the following presentations: (1) Correlation of the highest energy cosmic rays with nearby extragalactic objects in Pierre Auger Observatory data; (2) Discriminating potential astrophysical sources of the highest energy cosmic rays with the Pierre Auger Observatory; (3) Intrinsic anisotropy of the UHECR from the Pierre Auger Observatory; (4) Ultra-high energy photon studies with the Pierre Auger Observatory; (5) Limits on the flux of diffuse ultra high energy neutrinos set using the Pierre Auger Observatory; (6) Search for sidereal modulation of the arrival directions of events recorded at the Pierre Auger Observatory; (7) Cosmic Ray Solar Modulation Studies in the Pierre Auger Observatory; (8) Investigation of the Displacement Angle of the Highest Energy Cosmic Rays Caused by the Galactic Magnetic Field; (9) Search for coincidences with astrophysical transients in Pierre Auger Observatory data; and (10) An alternative method for determining the energy of hybrid events at the Pierre Auger Observatory.
Astroparticle Particle Space Physics And Detectors For Physics Applications Proceedings Of The 14th Icatpp Conference
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Author : Simone Giani
language : en
Publisher: World Scientific
Release Date : 2014-06-02
Astroparticle Particle Space Physics And Detectors For Physics Applications Proceedings Of The 14th Icatpp Conference written by Simone Giani and has been published by World Scientific this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-06-02 with Science categories.
The exploration of the subnuclear world is done through increasingly complex experiments covering a wide range of energy and performed in a large variety of environments ranging from particle accelerators, underground detectors to satellites and the space laboratory. The achievement of these research programs calls for novel techniques, new materials and instrumentation to be used in detectors, often of large scale. Therefore, fundamental physics is at the forefront of technological advance and also leads to many applications. Among these, are the progresses from space experiments whose results allow the understanding of the cosmic environment, of the origin and evolution of the universe after the Big Bang.
High Energy Cosmic Rays
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Author : Todor Stanev
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2010-03-10
High Energy Cosmic Rays written by Todor Stanev and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010-03-10 with Science categories.
Offers an accessible text and reference (a cosmic-ray manual) for graduate students entering the field and high-energy astrophysicists will find this an accessible cosmic-ray manual Easy to read for the general astronomer, the first part describes the standard model of cosmic rays based on our understanding of modern particle physics. Presents the acceleration scenario in some detail in supernovae explosions as well as in the passage of cosmic rays through the Galaxy. Compares experimental data in the atmosphere as well as underground are compared with theoretical models
Studies Of Cosmic Ray Composition And Air Shower Structure With The Pierre Auger Observatory
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2009
Studies Of Cosmic Ray Composition And Air Shower Structure With The Pierre Auger Observatory written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009 with categories.
These are presentations to be presented at the 31st International Cosmic Ray Conference, in Lodz, Poland during July 2009. It consists of the following presentations: (1) Measurement of the average depth of shower maximum and its fluctuations with the Pierre Auger Observatory; (2) Study of the nuclear mass composition of UHECR with the surface detectors of the Pierre Auger Observatory; (3) Comparison of data from the Pierre Auger Observatory with predictions from air shower simulations: testing models of hadronic interactions; (4) A Monte Carlo exploration of methods to determine the UHECR composition with the Pierre Auger Observatory; (5) The delay of the start-time measured with the Pierre Auger Observatory for inclined showers and a comparison of its variance with models; (6) UHE neutrino signatures in the surface detector of the Pierre Auger Observatory; and (7) The electromagnetic component of inclined air showers at the Pierre Auger Observatory.
Ultra High Energy Cosmic Ray Composition
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Author : Nathaniel Peter Longley
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1993
Ultra High Energy Cosmic Ray Composition written by Nathaniel Peter Longley and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1993 with categories.