Computability And Decidability

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Computability And Decidability
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Author : J. Loeckx
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-06
Computability And Decidability written by J. Loeckx and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Mathematics categories.
The present Lecture Notes evolved from a course given at the Technische Hogeschool Eindhoven and later at the Technische Hogeschool Twente. They are intended for computer science students; more specifically, their goal is to introduce the notions of computability and decidability, and to prepare for the study of automata theory, formal language theory and the theory of computing. Except for a general mathematical background no preliminary knowledge is presupposed, but some experience in programming may be helpful. While classical treatises on computability and decidability are oriented towards the foundation of mathematics or mathematical logic, the present notes try to relate the subject to computer science. Therefore, the expose is based on the use of strings rather than on that of natural numbers; the notations are similar to those in use in automata theory; in addition, according to a common usage in formal language theory, most of the proofs of computability are reduced to the semi-formal description of a procedure the constructivity of which is apparent to anybody having some programming experience. Notwithstanding these facts the subject is treated with mathematical rigor; a great number of informal comments are inserted in order to allow a good intuitive understanding. I am indebted to all those who drew my attention to some errors and ambiguities in a preliminary version of these Notes. I want also to thank Miss L.A. Krukerink for her diligence in typing the manuscript.
Enumerability Decidability Computability
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Author : Hans Hermes
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-06
Enumerability Decidability Computability written by Hans Hermes and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Mathematics categories.
Once we have accepted a precise replacement of the concept of algo rithm, it becomes possible to attempt the problem whether there exist well-defined collections of problems which cannot be handled by algo rithms, and if that is the case, to give concrete cases of this kind. Many such investigations were carried out during the last few decades. The undecidability of arithmetic and other mathematical theories was shown, further the unsolvability of the word problem of group theory. Many mathematicians consider these results and the theory on which they are based to be the most characteristic achievements of mathe matics in the first half of the twentieth century. If we grant the legitimacy of the suggested precise replacements of the concept of algorithm and related concepts, then we can say that the mathematicians have shown by strictly mathematical methods that there exist mathematical problems which cannot be dealt with by the methods of calculating mathematics. In view of the important role which mathematics plays today in our conception of the world this fact is of great philosophical interest. Post speaks of a natural law about the "limitations of the mathematicizing power of Homo Sapiens". Here we also find a starting point for the discussion of the question, what the actual creative activity of the mathematician consists in. In this book we shall give an introduction to the theory of algorithms.
Computability And Decidability
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Author : Jacques Loeckx
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1972
Computability And Decidability written by Jacques Loeckx and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1972 with Sequential machine theory categories.
Automata And Computability
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Author : Dexter C. Kozen
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2013-11-11
Automata And Computability written by Dexter C. Kozen and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-11-11 with Computers categories.
These are my lecture notes from CS381/481: Automata and Computability Theory, a one-semester senior-level course I have taught at Cornell Uni versity for many years. I took this course myself in thc fall of 1974 as a first-year Ph.D. student at Cornell from Juris Hartmanis and have been in love with the subject ever sin,:e. The course is required for computer science majors at Cornell. It exists in two forms: CS481, an honors version; and CS381, a somewhat gentler paced version. The syllabus is roughly the same, but CS481 go es deeper into thc subject, covers more material, and is taught at a more abstract level. Students are encouraged to start off in one or the other, then switch within the first few weeks if they find the other version more suitaLle to their level of mathematical skill. The purpose of t.hc course is twofold: to introduce computer science students to the rieh heritage of models and abstractions that have arisen over the years; and to dew!c'p the capacity to form abstractions of their own and reason in terms of them.
Proofs And Algorithms
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Author : Gilles Dowek
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2011-01-11
Proofs And Algorithms written by Gilles Dowek and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011-01-11 with Computers categories.
Logic is a branch of philosophy, mathematics and computer science. It studies the required methods to determine whether a statement is true, such as reasoning and computation. Proofs and Algorithms: Introduction to Logic and Computability is an introduction to the fundamental concepts of contemporary logic - those of a proof, a computable function, a model and a set. It presents a series of results, both positive and negative, - Church's undecidability theorem, Gödel’s incompleteness theorem, the theorem asserting the semi-decidability of provability - that have profoundly changed our vision of reasoning, computation, and finally truth itself. Designed for undergraduate students, this book presents all that philosophers, mathematicians and computer scientists should know about logic.
Mathematics In Computing
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Author : Gerard O’Regan
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2020-01-10
Mathematics In Computing written by Gerard O’Regan and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-01-10 with Computers categories.
This illuminating textbook provides a concise review of the core concepts in mathematics essential to computer scientists. Emphasis is placed on the practical computing applications enabled by seemingly abstract mathematical ideas, presented within their historical context. The text spans a broad selection of key topics, ranging from the use of finite field theory to correct code and the role of number theory in cryptography, to the value of graph theory when modelling networks and the importance of formal methods for safety critical systems. This fully updated new edition has been expanded with a more comprehensive treatment of algorithms, logic, automata theory, model checking, software reliability and dependability, algebra, sequences and series, and mathematical induction. Topics and features: includes numerous pedagogical features, such as chapter-opening key topics, chapter introductions and summaries, review questions, and a glossary; describes the historical contributions of such prominent figures as Leibniz, Babbage, Boole, and von Neumann; introduces the fundamental mathematical concepts of sets, relations and functions, along with the basics of number theory, algebra, algorithms, and matrices; explores arithmetic and geometric sequences and series, mathematical induction and recursion, graph theory, computability and decidability, and automata theory; reviews the core issues of coding theory, language theory, software engineering, and software reliability, as well as formal methods and model checking; covers key topics on logic, from ancient Greek contributions to modern applications in AI, and discusses the nature of mathematical proof and theorem proving; presents a short introduction to probability and statistics, complex numbers and quaternions, and calculus. This engaging and easy-to-understand book will appeal to students of computer science wishing for an overview of the mathematics used in computing, and to mathematicians curious about how their subject is applied in the field of computer science. The book will also capture the interest of the motivated general reader.
The Foundations Of Computability Theory
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Author : Borut Robič
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2015-09-14
The Foundations Of Computability Theory written by Borut Robič and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-09-14 with Computers categories.
This book offers an original and informative view of the development of fundamental concepts of computability theory. The treatment is put into historical context, emphasizing the motivation for ideas as well as their logical and formal development. In Part I the author introduces computability theory, with chapters on the foundational crisis of mathematics in the early twentieth century, and formalism; in Part II he explains classical computability theory, with chapters on the quest for formalization, the Turing Machine, and early successes such as defining incomputable problems, c.e. (computably enumerable) sets, and developing methods for proving incomputability; in Part III he explains relative computability, with chapters on computation with external help, degrees of unsolvability, the Turing hierarchy of unsolvability, the class of degrees of unsolvability, c.e. degrees and the priority method, and the arithmetical hierarchy. This is a gentle introduction from the origins of computability theory up to current research, and it will be of value as a textbook and guide for advanced undergraduate and graduate students and researchers in the domains of computability theory and theoretical computer science.
Enumerability Decidability Computability
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Author : Hans Hermes
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2013-03-14
Enumerability Decidability Computability written by Hans Hermes and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-03-14 with Mathematics categories.
The task of developing algorithms to solve problems has always been considered by mathematicians to be an especially interesting and im portant one. Normally an algorithm is applicable only to a narrowly limited group of problems. Such is for instance the Euclidean algorithm, which determines the greatest common divisor of two numbers, or the well-known procedure which is used to obtain the square root of a natural number in decimal notation. The more important these special algorithms are, all the more desirable it seems to have algorithms of a greater range of applicability at one's disposal. Throughout the centuries, attempts to provide algorithms applicable as widely as possible were rather unsuc cessful. It was only in the second half of the last century that the first appreciable advance took place. Namely, an important group of the inferences of the logic of predicates was given in the form of a calculus. (Here the Boolean algebra played an essential pioneer role. ) One could now perhaps have conjectured that all mathematical problems are solvable by algorithms. However, well-known, yet unsolved problems (problems like the word problem of group theory or Hilbert's tenth problem, which considers the question of solvability of Diophantine equations) were warnings to be careful. Nevertheless, the impulse had been given to search for the essence of algorithms. Leibniz already had inquired into this problem, but without success.
Automata Theory Languages Of Machines And Computability
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Author : Shivam Saxena
language : en
Publisher: I K International Pvt Ltd
Release Date : 2018-02-05
Automata Theory Languages Of Machines And Computability written by Shivam Saxena and has been published by I K International Pvt Ltd this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-02-05 with Computers categories.
The book is all about the automata, formal language theory and computability. Automata theory plays important roles in compilers, text processing, programming languages, hardware designs and artificial intelligence and is the core base of computer science studies. The intent is to make automata theory interesting and challenging and break the myth of being a tough topic. For that matter, topics are covered in an easy to understand manner with the help of elaborative and well descripted examples. For topics which are little complex and fuzzy to understand, strategy adopted is to connect the topic with the everyday problems we encounter, in order to develop a connective understanding of the topic and get a clear view of the topic. Exercise questions are provided with the answers to understand the solution easily. The prospective audience for the book are computer science engineering students. Computer science scholars and people preparing for competitive exams like GATE, UGC-NET, etc.
What Can Be Computed
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Author : John MacCormick
language : en
Publisher: Princeton University Press
Release Date : 2018-05-01
What Can Be Computed written by John MacCormick and has been published by Princeton University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-05-01 with Computers categories.
An accessible and rigorous textbook for introducing undergraduates to computer science theory What Can Be Computed? is a uniquely accessible yet rigorous introduction to the most profound ideas at the heart of computer science. Crafted specifically for undergraduates who are studying the subject for the first time, and requiring minimal prerequisites, the book focuses on the essential fundamentals of computer science theory and features a practical approach that uses real computer programs (Python and Java) and encourages active experimentation. It is also ideal for self-study and reference. The book covers the standard topics in the theory of computation, including Turing machines and finite automata, universal computation, nondeterminism, Turing and Karp reductions, undecidability, time-complexity classes such as P and NP, and NP-completeness, including the Cook-Levin Theorem. But the book also provides a broader view of computer science and its historical development, with discussions of Turing's original 1936 computing machines, the connections between undecidability and Gödel's incompleteness theorem, and Karp's famous set of twenty-one NP-complete problems. Throughout, the book recasts traditional computer science concepts by considering how computer programs are used to solve real problems. Standard theorems are stated and proven with full mathematical rigor, but motivation and understanding are enhanced by considering concrete implementations. The book's examples and other content allow readers to view demonstrations of—and to experiment with—a wide selection of the topics it covers. The result is an ideal text for an introduction to the theory of computation. An accessible and rigorous introduction to the essential fundamentals of computer science theory, written specifically for undergraduates taking introduction to the theory of computation Features a practical, interactive approach using real computer programs (Python in the text, with forthcoming Java alternatives online) to enhance motivation and understanding Gives equal emphasis to computability and complexity Includes special topics that demonstrate the profound nature of key ideas in the theory of computation Lecture slides and Python programs are available at whatcanbecomputed.com