Computational Theories And Their Implementation In The Brain
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Computational Theories And Their Implementation In The Brain
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Author : Lucia Vaina
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2017
Computational Theories And Their Implementation In The Brain written by Lucia Vaina and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017 with Medical categories.
David Marr is known for his research on the brain in the late 60s and 70s, becoming one of the main founders of Computational Neuroscience when neuroscience was in its infancy. Written by distinguished contributors, this book evaluates the extent to which his theories are still valid and identifies areas that need to be altered.
Key Thinkers In Neuroscience
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Author : Andy Wickens
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2018-10-04
Key Thinkers In Neuroscience written by Andy Wickens and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-10-04 with Psychology categories.
Key Thinkers in Neuroscience provides insight into the life and work of some of the most significant minds that have shaped the field. Studies of the human brain have been varied and complex, and the field is rich in pioneers whose endeavours have broken new ground in neuroscience. Adopting a chronological and multi-disciplinary approach to each Key Thinker, the book highlights their extraordinary contributions to neuroscience. Beginning with Santiago Ramon y Cajal and finishing with the philosophers Patricia Churchland and Paul Churchland, this book provides a comprehensive look at the new ideas and discoveries that have shaped neuroscientific research and practice, and the people that have been invaluable to this field. This book will be an indispensable companion for all students of neuroscience and the history of psychology, as well as anyone interested in how we have built our knowledge of the brain.
Understanding The Prefrontal Cortex
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Author : Richard Passingham
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2021-06-03
Understanding The Prefrontal Cortex written by Richard Passingham and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-06-03 with Medical categories.
A successor to the acclaimed 'Neurobiology of the Prefrontal Cortex', 'Understanding the Prefrontal Cortex' presents a careful study of the anatomical connections in this brain region, showing how each area and subarea of the brain has a unique pattern of connections, and exploring the transformation that this area performs - from its inputs to it outputs. The book starts with two chapters of foundational material, before considering five subdivisions of the prefrontal cortex, and looking at the transformation that each one performs. Next it considers how the prefrontal cortex interacts with the rest of the brain, including not only cortical areas but also subcortical areas such as the basal ganglia and cerebellum. The book ends with a final section in which these principles are applied to the human brain. It starts by discussing the expansion of the prefrontal cortex during human evolution. It then considers how the human brain has co-opted mechanisms that existed in our primate ancestors, and by providing new inputs had extended them so as to support reasoning, remembering events from the distant past and imagining events in the distant future, the sense of self, language, the ability to understand the mental states of others, and the ability to cooperate and learn social and moral rules. Written by a leading brain scientist, the book will be an important and influential contribution to the neuroscience literature.
Computational Theories Of Interaction And Agency
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Author : Philip Agre
language : en
Publisher: MIT Press
Release Date : 1996
Computational Theories Of Interaction And Agency written by Philip Agre and has been published by MIT Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1996 with Computers categories.
Over time the field of artificial intelligence has developed an "agent perspective" expanding its focus from thought to action, from search spaces to physical environments, and from problem-solving to long-term activity. Originally published as a special double volume of the journal Artificial Intelligence, this book brings together fundamental work by the top researchers in artificial intelligence, neural networks, computer science, robotics, and cognitive science on the themes of interaction and agency. It identifies recurring themes and outlines a methodology of the concept of "agency." The seventeen contributions cover the construction of principled characterizations of interactions between agents and their environments, as well as the use of these characterizations to guide analysis of existing agents and the synthesis of artificial agents.Artificial Intelligence series.Special Issues of Artificial Intelligence
Computational Intelligence Volume Ii
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Author : Hisao Ishibuchi
language : en
Publisher: EOLSS Publications
Release Date : 2015-12-30
Computational Intelligence Volume Ii written by Hisao Ishibuchi and has been published by EOLSS Publications this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-12-30 with categories.
Computational intelligence is a component of Encyclopedia of Technology, Information, and Systems Management Resources in the global Encyclopedia of Life Support Systems (EOLSS), which is an integrated compendium of twenty one Encyclopedias. Computational intelligence is a rapidly growing research field including a wide variety of problem-solving techniques inspired by nature. Traditionally computational intelligence consists of three major research areas: Neural Networks, Fuzzy Systems, and Evolutionary Computation. Neural networks are mathematical models inspired by brains. Neural networks have massively parallel network structures with many neurons and weighted connections. Whereas each neuron has a simple input-output relation, a neural network with many neurons can realize a highly non-linear complicated mapping. Connection weights between neurons can be adjusted in an automated manner by a learning algorithm to realize a non-linear mapping required in a particular application task. Fuzzy systems are mathematical models proposed to handle inherent fuzziness in natural language. For example, it is very difficult to mathematically define the meaning of “cold” in everyday conversations such as “It is cold today” and “Can I have cold water”. The meaning of “cold” may be different in a different situation. Even in the same situation, a different person may have a different meaning. Fuzzy systems offer a mathematical mechanism to handle inherent fuzziness in natural language. As a result, fuzzy systems have been successfully applied to real-world problems by extracting linguistic knowledge from human experts in the form of fuzzy IF-THEN rules. Evolutionary computation includes various population-based search algorithms inspired by evolution in nature. Those algorithms usually have the following three mechanisms: fitness evaluation to measure the quality of each solution, selection to choose good solutions from the current population, and variation operators to generate offspring from parents. Evolutionary computation has high applicability to a wide range of optimization problems with different characteristics since it does not need any explicit mathematical formulations of objective functions. For example, simulation-based fitness evaluation is often used in evolutionary design. Subjective fitness evaluation by a human user is also often used in evolutionary art and music. These volumes are aimed at the following five major target audiences: University and College students Educators, Professional practitioners, Research personnel and Policy analysts, managers, and decision makers.
Representation In The Brain
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Author : Asim Roy
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2018-09-28
Representation In The Brain written by Asim Roy and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-09-28 with categories.
This eBook contains ten articles on the topic of representation of abstract concepts, both simple and complex, at the neural level in the brain. Seven of the articles directly address the main competing theories of mental representation – localist and distributed. Four of these articles argue – either on a theoretical basis or with neurophysiological evidence – that abstract concepts, simple or complex, exist (have to exist) at either the single cell level or in an exclusive neural cell assembly. There are three other papers that argue for sparse distributed representation (population coding) of abstract concepts. There are two other papers that discuss neural implementation of symbolic models. The remaining paper deals with learning of motor skills from imagery versus actual execution. A summary of these papers is provided in the Editorial.
Brave New Mind
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Author : Peter Dodwell
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2000-06-08
Brave New Mind written by Peter Dodwell and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2000-06-08 with Philosophy categories.
How was the standard model of the mind developed? Is it adequate? And is there a place in this model for the creative genius of artists, scientists, and mathematicians? This book looks at how scientists investigate the nature of the mind and the brain, providing answers to these important questions. It opens with a description of the historical roots of cognitive science and analyzes the strengths and weaknesses of the standard model of the mind, including its inability to account for the many dramatic features of human achievement. The final chapter develops the notion that human creativity and the unfolding of human consciousness demand two things: that we acknowledge the central role that ideals play in human knowledge and conduct and that such ideals have no role in the standard model. Brave New Mind proposes a new image of humankind that accommodates the place of ideals and creativity in cognition and life, without abandoning the scientific ideals of empirical soundness and theoretical rigor.
Fundamentals Of Computational Neuroscience
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Author : Thomas Trappenberg
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press (UK)
Release Date : 2010
Fundamentals Of Computational Neuroscience written by Thomas Trappenberg and has been published by Oxford University Press (UK) this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010 with Mathematics categories.
The new edition of Fundamentals of Computational Neuroscience build on the success and strengths of the first edition. It introduces the theoretical foundations of neuroscience with a focus on the nature of information processing in the brain. The book covers the introduction and motivation of simplified models of neurons that are suitable for exploring information processing in large brain-like networks. Additionally, it introduces several fundamental networkarchitectures and discusses their relevance for information processing in the brain, giving some examples of models of higher-order cognitive functions to demonstrate the advanced insight that can begained with such studies.
Trials For Cerebellar Ataxias
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Author : Bing-wen Soong
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2023-05-29
Trials For Cerebellar Ataxias written by Bing-wen Soong and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-05-29 with Medical categories.
Despite the critical importance of the cerebellum in brain function, the scientific community still lacks effective treatments for most cerebellar ataxias. This book provides a link between the pathogenesis and therapies of cerebellar ataxias while also providing a comprehensive assessment of the preclinical and clinical trials dedicated to cerebellar ataxias over the past 20 years of progress. This is the first book fully dedicated to the trials and therapies of these disorders. It is a truly authoritative and comprehensive reference, and comes at a time of major advances in genetic tools and neuroimaging assessments. The coverage begins by laying a foundation of the basic science of the cerebellum and ataxias, proceeds to discuss biomarkers and the tools of trials, offers guidelines on conducting trials, and then explores the full range of therapeutics and their trials, including gene therapy and cell transplantation. The authors are top experts on cerebellar research and the contributing authors have all made seminal contributions in the field.
Computational Cultural Neuroscience
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Author : Joan Y. Chiao
language : en
Publisher: Taylor & Francis
Release Date : 2024-08-02
Computational Cultural Neuroscience written by Joan Y. Chiao and has been published by Taylor & Francis this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2024-08-02 with Psychology categories.
This book provides novel insights into the study of empirical computational approaches in the field of cultural neuroscience. It discusses and analyses topics such as cultural intelligence, cultural machine learning, cultural brain dynamics and cultural security. This comprehensive text engages with computational principles to guide the research on the influence of cultural environments on human genetics. It explores the theoretical and methodological approaches involved in computational neuroscience. The author elucidates how cultural processes intersect with the structural organization of the nervous system, contributing to the study of computational principles and neural information-processing mechanisms at the cultural level. Research in this subject area can help provide better understanding of the role of computation in cultural neuroscience, stimulating further research into practice and policy. Computational Cultural Neuroscience: An Introduction is the ideal resource for academics, researchers and students of psychology, neuroscience, computer science or philosophy, who are interested in cultural neuroscience.