Computers And Automation And People
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Telerobotics Automation And Human Supervisory Control
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Author : Thomas B. Sheridan
language : en
Publisher: MIT Press
Release Date : 1992
Telerobotics Automation And Human Supervisory Control written by Thomas B. Sheridan and has been published by MIT Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1992 with Computers categories.
For the past three decades, the author and his colleagues in the MIT Man-Machine Systems Laboratory have been carrying out experimental research in the area of teleoperation, telerobotics, and supervisory control - a new form of technology that allows humans to work through machines in hazardous environments and control complex systems such as aircraft and nuclear power plants. This timely reference brings together a variety of theories and technologies that have emerged in a number of fields of application, describing common themes, presenting experiments and hardware embodiments as examples, and discussing the advantages and the drawbacks of this new form of human-machine interaction. There are many places - such as outer space, the oceans, and nuclear, biologically, and chemically toxic environments - that are; inaccessible or hazardous to humans but in which work needs to be done. Telerobotics - remote supervision by human operators of robotic or semi-automatic devices - is a way to enter these difficult environments. Yet it raises a host of problems, such as the retrieval of sensory information for the human operator and how to control the remote devices with sufficient dexterity. In its complete coverage of the theoretical and technological aspects of telerobotics and human-computer cooperation in the control of complex systems, this book moves beyond the simplistic notion of humans versus automation to provide the necessary background for exploring a new and informed cooperative relationship, between humans and machines.
Computers And Automation And People
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1973
Computers And Automation And People written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1973 with Automation categories.
Cyber Physical Computer And Automation System
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Author : Endra Joelianto
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2021-03-22
Cyber Physical Computer And Automation System written by Endra Joelianto and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-03-22 with Technology & Engineering categories.
This book is a collection of extended papers presented at the Cyber Physical, Computer and Automation System (CPCAS 2019), Bali – Indonesia, 13–15 November 2019. The book includes chapters in three prime areas: (1) autonomous systems and controls; (2) human–machine interaction and human-related engineering; and (3) interconnected things. Autonomous systems and controls are systems of engineering that work with or without human intervention. Human–machine interaction involves sensor and actuator technology to detect human behavior, intentions, and decisions and also to provide the ability of a machine to interact with humans to achieve the expected performance. Interconnected things consist of a network of computer-controlled physical mechanisms communicating with each other for efficient operation and improving system capabilities.
Expertise And Technology
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Author : Jean-Michel Hoc
language : en
Publisher: Psychology Press
Release Date : 2013-06-17
Expertise And Technology written by Jean-Michel Hoc and has been published by Psychology Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-06-17 with Psychology categories.
Technological development has changed the nature of industrial production so that it is no longer a question of humans working with a machine, but rather that a joint human machine system is performing the task. This development, which started in the 1940s, has become even more pronounced with the proliferation of computers and the invasion of digital technology in all wakes of working life. It may appear that the importance of human work has been reduced compared to what can be achieved by intelligent software systems, but in reality, the opposite is true: the more complex a system, the more vital the human operator's task. The conditions have changed, however, whereas people used to be in control of their own tasks, today they have become supervisors of tasks which are shared between humans and machines. A considerable effort has been devoted to the domain of administrative and clerical work and has led to the establishment of an internationally based human-computer interaction (HCI) community at research and application levels. The HCI community, however, has paid more attention to static environments where the human operator is in complete control of the situation, rather than to dynamic environments where changes may occur independent of human intervention and actions. This book's basic philosophy is the conviction that human operators remain the unchallenged experts even in the worst cases where their working conditions have been impoverished by senseless automation. They maintain this advantage due to their ability to learn and build up a high level of expertise -- a foundation of operational knowledge -- during their work. This expertise must be taken into account in the development of efficient human-machine systems, in the specification of training requirements, and in the identification of needs for specific computer support to human actions. Supporting this philosophy, this volume *deals with the main features of cognition in dynamic environments, combining issues coming from empirical approaches of human cognition and cognitive simulation, *addresses the question of the development of competence and expertise, and *proposes ways to take up the main challenge in this domain -- the design of an actual cooperation between human experts and computers of the next century.
Expertise And Technology
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Author : Jean-Michel Hoc
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1995
Expertise And Technology written by Jean-Michel Hoc and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1995 with Expert systems (Computer science) categories.
Human Automation Interaction
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Author : Vincent G. Duffy
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2022-12-14
Human Automation Interaction written by Vincent G. Duffy and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-12-14 with Technology & Engineering categories.
This book provides practical guidance and awareness for a growing body of knowledge developing across a variety of disciplines. This initiative is a celebration of the Gavriel Salvendy International Symposium (GSIS) and provides a survey of topics and emerging areas of interest in human–automation interaction. This set of articles for the GSIS emphasizes a main thematic areas: mobile computing. Main areas of coverage include Section A: Health, Care and Assistive Technologies; Section B: Usability, User Experience and Design; Section C: Virtual Learning, Training and Collaboration; Section D: Ergonomics in Work, Automation and Production. In total, there are more than 600 pages emphasizing contributions from especially early career researchers that were featured as part of this (virtual) symposium and celebration. Gavriel Salvendy initiated the conferences that run annually as Human–Computer Interaction within LNCS of Springer and Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics International (AHFE). The book is inclusive of human–computer interaction and human factors and ergonomics principles, yet is intended to serve a much wider audience that has interest in automation and human modeling. The emerging need for human–automation interaction expertise has developed from an ever-growing availability and presence of automation in our everyday lives. This initiative is intended to provide practical guidance and awareness for a growing body of knowledge developing across a variety of disciplines and many countries.
Computer Confidence
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Author : Bruce D. Sanders
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-06
Computer Confidence written by Bruce D. Sanders and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Computers categories.
Much of the material in this book comes from what I've learned as I've traveled around the country conducting seminars about working profitably in the automated office. During the first few months of those seminars, there was a question I was asked more often than any other single question. I wa~ asked the question so often that I gave it a nickname. I called it my "What The Devil" question. Often in different words, usually at the morning break in the seminar, and almost always with an effort not to offend or embarrass, I was asked, "What the devil is a psychologist doing conducting seminars about computer systems?" I'm not asked "What the Devil" questions much anymore. Those familiar with office automation have come to realize that human factors chiefly determine whether a computer system will be a success or an expensive failure. So many computer systems have not gained acceptance by is employees because the planners didn't use good psychological sense. That especially true as the computers move from the Engineering Department into the executive suites and the role of computers changes from just producing paper into also assisting in managerial decision making. One human factor I've learned is that people would much rather skip around in a book than read it from front cover to back cover directly. It's true whether the book is a user manual for office equipment or a volume on computer systems for decision makers.
Aviation Automation
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Author : Charles E. Billings
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2018-01-29
Aviation Automation written by Charles E. Billings and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-01-29 with Technology & Engineering categories.
The advent of very compact, very powerful digital computers has made it possible to automate a great many processes that formerly required large, complex machinery. Digital computers have made possible revolutionary changes in industry, commerce, and transportation. This book, an expansion and revision of the author's earlier technical papers on this subject, describes the development of automation in aircraft and in the aviation system, its likely evolution in the future, and the effects that these technologies have had -- and will have -- on the human operators and managers of the system. It suggests concepts that may be able to enhance human-machine relationships in future systems. The author focuses on the ability of human operators to work cooperatively with the constellation of machines they command and control, because it is the interactions among these system elements that result in the system's success or failure, whether in aviation or elsewhere. Aviation automation has provided great social and technological benefits, but these benefits have not come without cost. In recent years, new problems in aircraft have emerged due to failures in the human-machine relationship. These incidents and accidents have motivated this inquiry into aviation automation. Similar problems in the air traffic management system are predicted as it becomes more fully automated. In particular, incidents and accidents have occurred which suggest that the principle problems with today's aviation automation are associated with its complexity, coupling, autonomy, and opacity. These problems are not unique to aviation; they exist in other highly dynamic domains as well. The author suggests that a different approach to automation -- called "human-centered automation" -- offers potential benefits for system performance by enabling a more cooperative human-machine relationship in the control and management of aircraft and air traffic.
The Glass Cage
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Author : Nicholas Carr
language : en
Publisher: Random House
Release Date : 2015-01-15
The Glass Cage written by Nicholas Carr and has been published by Random House this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-01-15 with Technology & Engineering categories.
In The Glass Cage, Pulitzer Prize nominee and bestselling author Nicholas Carr shows how the most important decisions of our lives are now being made by machines and the radical effect this is having on our ability to learn and solve problems. In May 2009 an Airbus A330 passenger jet equipped with the latest ‘glass cockpit’ controls plummeted 30,000 feet into the Atlantic. The reason for the crash: the autopilot had routinely switched itself off. In fact, automation is everywhere – from the thermostat in our homes and the GPS in our phones to the algorithms of High Frequency Trading and self-driving cars. We now use it to diagnose patients, educate children, evaluate criminal evidence and fight wars. But psychological studies show that we perform best when fully involved in a task, while the principle of automation – that humans are inefficient – is self-fulfilling. The glass cockpit is becoming a glass cage. In this utterly engrossing exposé, bestselling writer Nicholas Carr reveals how automation is affecting our ability to solve problems, forge memories and acquire skills. Rather than rejecting technology, Carr argues that we must urgently rethink its role in our lives, using it to enhance rather than diminish the extraordinary abilities that make us human.
Designing Human Centred Technology
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Author : Howard H. Rosenbrock
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-06
Designing Human Centred Technology written by Howard H. Rosenbrock and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Computers categories.
This second book in our series Artificial Intelligence and Society explores the issues involved in the design and application of human-centred systems in the manufacturing area. At first glance it may appear that a book on this topic is somewhat peripheral to the main concerns of the series. In fact, although starting from an engineering perspective, the book addresses some of the pivotal issues confronting those who apply new technology in general and artificial intelligence (AI) systems in particular. Above all, the book invites us to consider whether the present applications of technology are such as to make the best use of human skill and ingenuity and at the same time provide for realistic and economically sustainable systems design solutions. To do so it is necessary to provide systems which support the skill, and are amenable to the cultures, of the areas of application in question. In a philosophical sense it means providing tools to support skills rather than machines which replace them, to use Heidegger's distinction. The book gives an authoritative account of the University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology (UMIST) tradition of human-centredness and provides a participatory design ap proach which focuses on collaborative learning and enhancement and creation of new skills. It also argues that collaboration should be supported by institutions through the creation of supportive infrastructures and research environments. It emphasises the optimisation of practical knowledge with the help of scientific knowledge and rejects the alternative.