Concepts Of Sharedness
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Concepts And Categories
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Author : Michael T. Hannan
language : en
Publisher: Columbia University Press
Release Date : 2019-08-13
Concepts And Categories written by Michael T. Hannan and has been published by Columbia University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-08-13 with Social Science categories.
Why do people like books, music, or movies that adhere consistently to genre conventions? Why is it hard for politicians to take positions that cross ideological boundaries? Why do we have dramatically different expectations of companies that are categorized as social media platforms as opposed to news media sites? The answers to these questions require an understanding of how people use basic concepts in their everyday lives to give meaning to objects, other people, and social situations and actions. In this book, a team of sociologists presents a groundbreaking model of concepts and categorization that can guide sociological and cultural analysis of a wide variety of social situations. Drawing on research in various fields, including cognitive science, computational linguistics, and psychology, the book develops an innovative view of concepts. It argues that concepts have meanings that are probabilistic rather than sharp, occupying fuzzy, overlapping positions in a “conceptual space.” Measurements of distances in this space reveal our mental representations of categories. Using this model, important yet commonplace phenomena such as our routine buying decisions can be quantified in terms of the cognitive distance between concepts. Concepts and Categories provides an essential set of formal theoretical tools and illustrates their application using an eclectic set of methodologies, from micro-level controlled experiments to macro-level language processing. It illuminates how explicit attention to concepts and categories can give us a new understanding of everyday situations and interactions.
Collective Epistemology
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Author : Hans Bernhard Schmid
language : en
Publisher: Walter de Gruyter
Release Date : 2013-05-02
Collective Epistemology written by Hans Bernhard Schmid and has been published by Walter de Gruyter this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-05-02 with Philosophy categories.
„We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal...” This collection of essays addresses a philosophical problem raised by the first clause of these famous words. Does each signatory of the Declaration of Independence hold these truths individually, do they share some kind of a common attitude, or is there a single subject over and above the heads of its individual members that possesses a belief? “Collective Epistemology” is a name for the view that cognitive attitudes can be attributed to groups in a non-summative sense. The aim of this volume is to examine this claim, and to place it in the wider context of recent epistemological debates about the role of sociality in knowledge acquisition, in virtue and social epistemology, and in philosophy and sociology of science.
Phenomenology Of The Embodied Organization
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Author : W. Küpers
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2014-12-22
Phenomenology Of The Embodied Organization written by W. Küpers and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-12-22 with Business & Economics categories.
Drawing on contemporary debates and responding to an analytic lacuna in organization and management studies and calls from organizational practice, Phenomenology of the Embodied Organization explores the fundamental and integral role of the body and embodiment in organizational life-worlds.
Dimensions Of Shared Agency A Study On Joint Collective And Group Intentional Action
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Author : Giulia Lasagni
language : en
Publisher: Vernon Press
Release Date : 2022-01-04
Dimensions Of Shared Agency A Study On Joint Collective And Group Intentional Action written by Giulia Lasagni and has been published by Vernon Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-01-04 with Philosophy categories.
"Dimensions of Shared Agency" investigates the way in which standard philosophical accounts have been dealing with the issue of collective actions. In particular, the book focuses on the ‘Big Five’ of analytical social ontology (namely, Michael Bratman, Margaret Gilbert, Philip Pettit, John R. Searle and Raimo Tuomela) and their accounts of shared/collective intentions and actions. Through systematic readings of different positions in the debate, the author proposes original ways of analyzing and classifying current theories of shared agency according to whether they advance a member-level or a group-level account of shared agency. While member-level accounts (MLA) are theories of shared agency based on individuals’ attitudes and actions, group-level accounts (GLA) give attention to the group of individuals considered as a whole, i.e., as an agent itself. Criticism arises against the idea that the Big Five have proposed stable group-level accounts suitable for explaining the case of shared agency as a group-level phenomenon. The widespread tendency in the debate is to endorse a perspective called holistic individualism, which maintains that high-level explanations are objective even though social facts are ontologically reducible to facts about individuals. Lasagni argues that as long as holistic individualism is held, the GLA is reducible to the MLA because holistic individualism upholds ontological individualism based on a deep individualistic premise, fixing the special status of individual agents as natural persons. The premise makes the claim to treat groups as agents contradictory to the general framework of the theory. This book profiles an alternative interpretation according to which agency should be considered as a functional kind, which is equally instantiated by different systems, such as individual human beings and organized social groups. In this way, the author claims, the reduction of the social can be avoided. "Dimensions of Shared Agency" will be of interest to doctoral students, researchers, and scholars interested in social ontology and the philosophy of the social sciences. It can also be utilised as supplementary reading or an introduction to philosophy students and scholars who are first approaching the philosophy of collective intentionality and shared agency.
Climate Justice And Collective Action
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Author : Angela Kallhoff
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2021-05-20
Climate Justice And Collective Action written by Angela Kallhoff and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-05-20 with Science categories.
This book develops a theory of climate cooperation designed for concerted action, which emphasises the role and function of collectives in achieving shared climate goals. In debates on climate change action, research focuses on three major goals: on mitigation, on adaptation and on transformation. Even though these goals are accepted, concerted action is still difficult to realize. Climate Justice and Collective Action provides an analysis of why this is the case and develops a theory of climate cooperation designed to overcome the existing roadblocks. Angela Kallhoff starts with a thorough analysis of failures of collective action in the context of climate change action. Taking inspiration from theories of water cooperation, she then establishes a theory of joint action that reframes climate goals as shared goals and highlights the importance of adhering to principles of fairness. This also includes an exploration of the normative claims working in the background of climate cooperation. Finally, Kallhoff puts forward proposals for a fair allocation of duties to cooperate with respect to climate goals. This book will be of great interest to students and scholars of climate action, climate justice, environmental sociology and environmental philosophy and ethics more broadly.
Neuroscience And Philosophy
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Author : Felipe De Brigard
language : en
Publisher: MIT Press
Release Date : 2022-02-01
Neuroscience And Philosophy written by Felipe De Brigard and has been published by MIT Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-02-01 with Science categories.
Philosophers and neuroscientists address central issues in both fields, including morality, action, mental illness, consciousness, perception, and memory. Philosophers and neuroscientists grapple with the same profound questions involving consciousness, perception, behavior, and moral judgment, but only recently have the two disciplines begun to work together. This volume offers fourteen original chapters that address these issues, each written by a team that includes at least one philosopher and one neuroscientist who integrate disciplinary perspectives and reflect the latest research in both fields. Topics include morality, empathy, agency, the self, mental illness, neuroprediction, optogenetics, pain, vision, consciousness, memory, concepts, mind wandering, and the neural basis of psychological categories. The chapters first address basic issues about our social and moral lives: how we decide to act and ought to act toward each other, how we understand each other’s mental states and selves, and how we deal with pressing social problems regarding crime and mental or brain health. The following chapters consider basic issues about our mental lives: how we classify and recall what we experience, how we see and feel objects in the world, how we ponder plans and alternatives, and how our brains make us conscious and create specific mental states.
The Philosopher S Index
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2008
The Philosopher S Index written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008 with Philosophy categories.
Vols. for 1969- include a section of abstracts.
Grammar Meaning And Concepts
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Author : Susan Strauss
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2018-05-11
Grammar Meaning And Concepts written by Susan Strauss and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-05-11 with Language Arts & Disciplines categories.
Grammar, Meaning, and Concepts: A Discourse-Based Approach to English Grammar is a book for language teachers and learners that focuses on the meanings of grammatical constructions within discourse, rather than on language as structure governed by rigid rules. This text emphasizes the ways in which users of language construct meaning, express viewpoints, and depict imageries using the conceptual, meaning-filled categories that underlie all of grammar. Written by a team of authors with years of experience teaching grammar to future teachers of English, this book puts grammar in the context of real language and illustrates grammar in use through an abundance of authentic data examples. Each chapter also provides a variety of activities that focus on grammar, genre, discourse, and meaning, which can be used as they are or can be adapted for classroom practice. The activities are also designed to raise awareness about discourse, grammar, and meaning in all facets of everyday life, and can be used as springboards for upper high school, undergraduate, and graduate level research projects and inquiry-based grammatical analysis. Grammar, Meaning, and Concepts is an ideal textbook for those in the areas of teacher education, discourse analysis, applied linguistics, second language teaching, ESL, EFL, and communications who are looking to teach and learn grammar from a dynamic perspective.
Semantic Web Collaborative Spaces
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Author : Pascal Molli
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2016-04-15
Semantic Web Collaborative Spaces written by Pascal Molli and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-04-15 with Computers categories.
This book constitutes the thoroughly refereed post-workshop proceedings of the Second International Workshop on Semantic Web Collaborative Spaces, SWCS 2013, held in Montpellier, France, in May 2013, and the Third International Workshop on Semantic Web Collaborative Spaces, SWCS 2014, held in Trentino, Italy, in October 2014. The 6 revised extended papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 10 submissions. The papers are grouped in topical sections on challenges in collaborative spaces, modeling collaborative communities and the role of semantics, semantic MediaWiki communities, and exploiting semantics in collaborative spaces.
Intercultural Politeness
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Author : Helen Spencer-Oatey
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2021-01-07
Intercultural Politeness written by Helen Spencer-Oatey and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-01-07 with Language Arts & Disciplines categories.
Taking an interdisciplinary approach, this is the first book to systemise the processes by which we manage relations across cultures.