Concepts Theories And Rationality In The Biological Sciences
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Concepts Theories And Rationality In The Biological Sciences
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Author : Gereon Wolters
language : en
Publisher: University of Pittsburgh Press
Release Date : 2022-05-31
Concepts Theories And Rationality In The Biological Sciences written by Gereon Wolters and has been published by University of Pittsburgh Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-05-31 with Philosophy categories.
A Unified Report on the “State of the Art” in the Philosophy of Biology In October 1993, the University of Pittsburgh hosted the Second Pittsburgh-Konstanz Colloquium in the Philosophy of Science, with a focus on the rapidly growing field of philosophy of biology. An interdisciplinary group of philosophers and scientists came together to discuss the basic theories and concepts of biology and their connections with ethics, economics, and psychology. The colloquium organizers strove to create an event that would provide attendees with a wide overview on the current state of the philosophy of biology, with as many topics and views on these topics as possible. Those presentations are gathered here in a volume that offers the reader a varied and thorough survey of the field.
A Theory Of Causation In The Social And Biological Sciences
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Author : A. Reutlinger
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2013-03-18
A Theory Of Causation In The Social And Biological Sciences written by A. Reutlinger and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-03-18 with Science categories.
This first full length treatment of interventionist theories of causation in the social sciences, the biological sciences and other higher-level sciences the presents original counter arguments to recent trends in the debate and serves as useful introduction to the subject.
Concepts And Their Role In Knowledge
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Author : Allan Gotthelf
language : en
Publisher: University of Pittsburgh Press
Release Date : 2014-08-01
Concepts And Their Role In Knowledge written by Allan Gotthelf and has been published by University of Pittsburgh Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-08-01 with Philosophy categories.
Philosopher-novelist Ayn Rand (1905-1982) is a cultural phenomenon. Her books have sold more than twenty-eight million copies, and countless individuals speak of her writings as having significantly influenced their lives. Despite her popularity, Rand's philosophy of Objectivism has received little serious attention from academic philosophers. Concepts and Their Role in Knowledge offers scholarly analysis of key elements of Ayn Rand's radically new approach to epistemology. The four essays, by contributors intimately familiar with this area of her work, discuss Rand's theory of concepts—including its new account of abstraction and essence—and its central role in her epistemology; how that view leads to a distinctive conception of the justification of knowledge; her realist account of perceptual awareness and its role in the acquisition of knowledge; and finally, the implications of that theory for understanding the growth of scientific knowledge. The volume concludes with critical commentary on the essays by distinguished philosophers with differing philosophical viewpoints and the author's responses to those commentaries. This is the second book published in Ayn Rand Society Philosophical Studies, which was developed in conjunction with the Ayn Rand Society to offer a fuller scholarly understanding of this highly original and influential thinker. The Ayn Rand Society, an affiliated group of the American Philosophical Association, Eastern Division, seeks to foster scholarly study by philosophers of the philosophical thought and writings of Ayn Rand.
Rules And Exceptions In Biology From Fundamental Concepts To Applications
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Author : Alfredo V. Peretti
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2024-05-17
Rules And Exceptions In Biology From Fundamental Concepts To Applications written by Alfredo V. Peretti and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2024-05-17 with Science categories.
This is the first book to cover and explore the rules and exceptions in biology. It presents past and current perspectives on the subject and discusses the various situations of transition from rule to exception and vice versa. In doing so, the book fills a gap in the scientific literature and stimulates useful and valuable discussions among researchers working in biology worldwide. The chapters begin with a theoretical framework, followed by the main topic(s) or question(s), and a summary of previous work on the topic. Examples are discussed, with concluding remarks and suggestions for future research. A section with key concepts is included at the end of each chapter, allowing the reader to jump directly to the most important findings or observations. Each chapter is written to be used as a reference by graduate students and professionals from a variety of scientific disciplines (e.g. behavior, ecology, evolution, and systematics).
The Species Problem
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Author : Igor Ya. Pavlinov
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2023-02-24
The Species Problem written by Igor Ya. Pavlinov and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-02-24 with Nature categories.
The general notion of species is one of the most fundamental in biology. But an idea of species is also one of the most persistent unresolved obsessions of biologists, philosophers and theoreticians. This new book investigates the multifaceted problem species as a "conceptual envelope" of that notion. Contemporary conceptualists and evolutionary epistemology allow for a fresh look by analyzing the framework of history viewed as changes ordered by changing philosophical-scientific contexts. In this analysis, the species problem is characterized in a pluralistic non-trivial manner, in contrast to a more monistic "accepted view." Key Features Provides new insights into the persistent species "problem." Focuses on conceptual history and identifies pivotal landmarks in the history of the concept of species. Argues for a scientific consistency of species pluralism. Discusses the "evolving species-hood" in the context of new essentialism. Related Titles • Wilkins, J. S, et al., eds. Species Problems and Beyond: Contemporary Issues in Philosophy and Practice (ISBN 978-1-0322-2147-2) • Mishler, B. D. What, if anything, are species? (ISBN 978-1-4987-1454-9) • Wilkins, J. S. Species: The Evolution of the Idea, Second Edition (ISBN 978-1-1380-5574-2) • Sigwart, J. D. What Species Mean: A User's Guide to the Units of Biodiversity (ISBN 978-1-4987-9937-9)
Towards A Theory Of Development
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Author : Alessandro Minelli
language : en
Publisher: OUP Oxford
Release Date : 2014-05-01
Towards A Theory Of Development written by Alessandro Minelli and has been published by OUP Oxford this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-05-01 with Science categories.
Is it possible to explain and predict the development of living things? What is development? Articulate answers to these seemingly innocuous questions are far from straightforward. To date, no systematic, targeted effort has been made to construct a unifying theory of development. This novel work offers a unique exploration of the foundations of ontogeny by asking how the development of living things should be understood. It explores the key concepts of developmental biology, asks whether general principles of development can be discovered, and examines the role of models and theories. The two editors (one a biologist with long interest in the theoretical aspects of his discipline, the other a philosopher of science who has mainly worked on biological systems) have assembled a team of leading contributors who are representative of the scientific and philosophical community within which a diversity of thoughts are growing, and out of which a theory of development may eventually emerge. They analyse a wealth of approaches to concepts, models and theories of development, such as gene regulatory networks, accounts based on systems biology and on physics of soft matter, the different articulations of evolution and development, symbiont-induced development, as well as the widely discussed concepts of positional information and morphogenetic field, the idea of a 'programme' of development and its critiques, and the long-standing opposition between preformationist and epigenetic conceptions of development. Towards a Theory of Development is primarily aimed at students and researchers in the fields of 'evo-devo', developmental biology, theoretical biology, systems biology, biophysics, and the philosophy of science.
Choosing Selection
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Author : Stephen G. Brush
language : en
Publisher: University of Pennsylvania Press
Release Date : 2009
Choosing Selection written by Stephen G. Brush and has been published by University of Pennsylvania Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009 with Science categories.
Describes the hypothesis that Darwin’s “natural selection,” reformulated by R.A. Fisher, J.B.S. Haldane, and S. Wright in the light of Mendelian genetics, is the exclusive mechanism for biological evolution. During the 1930s, alternatives such as Lamarchism, macromutations, and orthogenesis were rejected in favor of natural selection acting on small mutations, but there were disagreements about the role of random genetic drift in evolution. By the 1950s, research by T. Dobzhansky, E.B. Ford, and others persuaded leading evolutionists that natural selection was so powerful that drift was unimportant. This conclusion was accepted by most; however, some biology textbooks and popular articles mentioned drift in the late 1960s.
On The Riddle Of Life
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Author : Bohang Chen
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2024-09-12
On The Riddle Of Life written by Bohang Chen and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2024-09-12 with Philosophy categories.
This book presents a historico-logical study of vitalism. It begins by uncovering previously unknown doctrines of vitalism from the history of science—encompassing biological, physical, and social sciences—and then subjects these doctrines to a thorough logical analysis. Through this process, the book offers a unified conceptual framework to understand the major doctrines of vitalism in the history of science, ultimately relating vitalism to the question of life. Following the classical methodological approach endorsed by Immanuel Kant, nineteenth-century philosopher-scientists like Ernst Mach, and early-twentieth-century logical analysts, including logical empiricists, British analysts, pragmatists, Husserlian phenomenologists, and neo-Kantians, this work provides unconventional and valuable perspectives on vitalism and the riddle of life, appealing to a broad audience, including scientists, historians, and philosophers of science, particularly those from biological backgrounds.
The Routledge Companion To Philosophy Of Social Science
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Author : Lee McIntyre
language : en
Publisher: Taylor & Francis
Release Date : 2016-12-08
The Routledge Companion To Philosophy Of Social Science written by Lee McIntyre and has been published by Taylor & Francis this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-12-08 with Business & Economics categories.
37 Why Is There No Philosophy of Political Science?
Canguilhem And Continental Philosophy Of Biology
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Author : Giuseppe Bianco
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2023-02-01
Canguilhem And Continental Philosophy Of Biology written by Giuseppe Bianco and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-02-01 with Philosophy categories.
This edited volume presents papers on this alternative philosophy of biology that could be called “continental philosophy of biology,” and the variety of positions and solutions that it has spawned. In doing so, it contributes to debates in the history and philosophy of science and the history of philosophy of science, as well as to the craving for ‘history’ and/or ‘theory’ in the theoretical biological disciplines. In addition, however, it also provides inspiration for a broader image of philosophy of biology, in which these traditional issues may have a place. The volume devotes specific attention to the work of Georges Canguilhem, which is central to this alternative tradition of “continental philosophy of biology”. This is the first collection on Georges Canguilhem and the Continental tradition in philosophy of biology. The book should be of interest to philosophers of biology, continental philosophers, historians of biology and those interested in broader traditions in philosophy of science.