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Conceptual Change And The Philosophy Of Science

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Conceptual Change And The Philosophy Of Science

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Author : David J. Stump
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2015-05-15

Conceptual Change And The Philosophy Of Science written by David J. Stump and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-05-15 with Philosophy categories.

In this book, David Stump traces alternative conceptions of the a priori in the philosophy of science and defends a unique position in the current debates over conceptual change and the constitutive elements in science. Stump emphasizes the unique epistemological status of the constitutive elements of scientific theories, constitutive elements being the necessary preconditions that must be assumed in order to conduct a particular scientific inquiry. These constitutive elements, such as logic, mathematics, and even some fundamental laws of nature, were once taken to be a priori knowledge but can change, thus leading to a dynamic or relative a priori. Stump critically examines developments in thinking about constitutive elements in science as a priori knowledge, from Kant’s fixed and absolute a priori to Quine’s holistic empiricism. By examining the relationship between conceptual change and the epistemological status of constitutive elements in science, Stump puts forward an argument that scientific revolutions can be explained and relativism can be avoided without resorting to universals or absolutes.

Conceptual Change In Biology

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Author : Alan C. Love
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2014-11-07

Conceptual Change In Biology written by Alan C. Love and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-11-07 with Science categories.

This volume explores questions about conceptual change from both scientific and philosophical viewpoints by analyzing the recent history of evolutionary developmental biology. It features revised papers that originated from the workshop "Conceptual Change in Biological Science: Evolutionary Developmental Biology, 1981-2011" held at the Max Planck Institute for the History of Science in Berlin in July 2010. The Preface has been written by Ron Amundson. In these papers, philosophers and biologists compare and contrast key concepts in evolutionary developmental biology and their development since the original, seminal Dahlem conference on evolution and development held in Berlin in 1981. Many of the original scientific participants from the 1981 conference are also contributors to this new volume and, in conjunction with other expert biologists and philosophers specializing on these topics, provide an authoritative, comprehensive view on the subject. Taken together, the papers supply novel perspectives on how and why the conceptual landscape has shifted and stabilized in particular ways, yielding insights into the dynamic epistemic changes that have occurred over the past three decades. This volume will appeal to philosophers of biology studying conceptual change, evolutionary developmental biologists focused on comprehending the genesis of their field and evaluating its future directions, and historians of biology examining this period when the intersection of ev olution and development rose again to prominence in biological science.

Creating Scientific Concepts

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Author : Nancy J Nersessian
language : en
Publisher: MIT Press
Release Date : 2010-08-13

Creating Scientific Concepts written by Nancy J Nersessian and has been published by MIT Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010-08-13 with Medical categories.

An account that analyzes the dynamic reasoning processes implicated in a fundamental problem of creativity in science: how does genuine novelty emerge from existing representations? How do novel scientific concepts arise? In Creating Scientific Concepts, Nancy Nersessian seeks to answer this central but virtually unasked question in the problem of conceptual change. She argues that the popular image of novel concepts and profound insight bursting forth in a blinding flash of inspiration is mistaken. Instead, novel concepts are shown to arise out of the interplay of three factors: an attempt to solve specific problems; the use of conceptual, analytical, and material resources provided by the cognitive-social-cultural context of the problem; and dynamic processes of reasoning that extend ordinary cognition. Focusing on the third factor, Nersessian draws on cognitive science research and historical accounts of scientific practices to show how scientific and ordinary cognition lie on a continuum, and how problem-solving practices in one illuminate practices in the other. Her investigations of scientific practices show conceptual change as deriving from the use of analogies, imagistic representations, and thought experiments, integrated with experimental investigations and mathematical analyses. She presents a view of constructed models as hybrid objects, serving as intermediaries between targets and analogical sources in bootstrapping processes. Extending these results, she argues that these complex cognitive operations and structures are not mere aids to discovery, but that together they constitute a powerful form of reasoning—model-based reasoning—that generates novelty. This new approach to mental modeling and analogy, together with Nersessian's cognitive-historical approach, make Creating Scientific Concepts equally valuable to cognitive science and philosophy of science.

Reconsidering Conceptual Change Issues In Theory And Practice

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Author : Margarita Limón
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2002-03-31

Reconsidering Conceptual Change Issues In Theory And Practice written by Margarita Limón and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2002-03-31 with Education categories.

Contributors. Preface. Introduction; M. LimÃ3n, L. Mason. Part I: Theoretical Perspectives. The Processes and Challenges of Conceptual Change; M.T.H. Chi, R.D. Roscoe. Why `Conceptual Ecology' is a Good Idea; A.A. diSessa. On the Nature of NaÃ ̄ve Physics; S. Vosniadou. Map Reading Versus Mind Reading: Revisiting Children's Understanding of the Shape of the Earth; J. Ivarsson, et al. Understanding Conceptual Change: A Commentary; R.E. Mayer. Part II: Motivational, Social and Contextual Aspects. The Role of Motivational Beliefs in Conceptual Change; E.A. Linnenbrink, P.R. Pintrich. Situating the Question of Conceptual Change; O. HalldÃ©n, et al. Participative Learning and Conceptual Change; M. Gorodetsky, S. Keiny. Cognitive Variability in the Development of the Concept of Family: A Contextualist or a Gradualist View? M.J. Rodrigo, et al. Motivational, Social, and Contextual Aspects of Conceptual Change: A Commentary; G.M. Sinatra. Part III: Domain Specificity and Learning. The Role of Students' Epistemological Knowledge in the Process of Conceptual Change in Science; J. Leach, J. Lewis. Intuitive Rules: The Case of `More A - More B'; R. Stavy, et al. Conceptual Change in Mathematics: Understanding the Real Numbers; K. Merenluoto, E. Lehtinen. Conceptual Change in History; M. LimÃ3n. Content and Conceptual Change: A Commentary; R. White. Part IV: Instructional Practices to Promote Conceptual Change in Classroom. Developing Epistemological Thinking to Foster Conceptual Change in Different Domains; L. Mason. Science Learning Through Text: The Effect of Text Design and Text Comprehension Skills on Conceptual Change; M. MikkilÃÞ-Erdmann. Computer-Based Interactions for Conceptual Change in Science; M. Wiser, T.G. Amin. Knowledge Assessment and Conceptual Understanding; J. Alonso-Tapia. Change as a Process and a Disposition: A Commentary; P. Boscolo.

Model Based Reasoning In Scientific Discovery

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Author : L. Magnani
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 1999-10-31

Model Based Reasoning In Scientific Discovery written by L. Magnani and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1999-10-31 with Computers categories.

The volume is based on the papers that were presented at the Interna tional Conference Model-Based Reasoning in Scientific Discovery (MBR'98), held at the Collegio Ghislieri, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy, in December 1998. The papers explore how scientific thinking uses models and explanatory reasoning to produce creative changes in theories and concepts. The study of diagnostic, visual, spatial, analogical, and temporal rea soning has demonstrated that there are many ways of performing intelligent and creative reasoning that cannot be described with the help only of tradi tional notions of reasoning such as classical logic. Traditional accounts of scientific reasoning have restricted the notion of reasoning primarily to de ductive and inductive arguments. Understanding the contribution of model ing practices to discovery and conceptual change in science requires ex panding scientific reasoning to include complex forms of creative reasoning that are not always successful and can lead to incorrect solutions. The study of these heuristic ways of reasoning is situated at the crossroads of philoso phy, artificial intelligence, cognitive psychology, and logic; that is, at the heart of cognitive science. There are several key ingredients common to the various forms of model based reasoning to be considered in this book. The models are intended as in terpretations of target physical systems, processes, phenomena, or situations. The models are retrieved or constructed on the basis of potentially satisfying salient constraints of the target domain.

International Handbook Of Research On Conceptual Change

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Author : Stella Vosniadou
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2013-07-18

International Handbook Of Research On Conceptual Change written by Stella Vosniadou and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-07-18 with Education categories.

Conceptual change research investigates the processes through which learners substantially revise prior knowledge and acquire new concepts. Tracing its heritage to paradigms and paradigm shifts made famous by Thomas Kuhn, conceptual change research focuses on understanding and explaining learning of the most the most difficult and counter-intuitive concepts. Now in its second edition, the International Handbook of Research on Conceptual Change provides a comprehensive review of the conceptual change movement and of the impressive research it has spawned on students’ difficulties in learning. In thirty-one new and updated chapters, organized thematically and introduced by Stella Vosniadou, this volume brings together detailed discussions of key theoretical and methodological issues, the roots of conceptual change research, and mechanisms of conceptual change and learner characteristics. Combined with chapters that describe conceptual change research in the fields of physics, astronomy, biology, medicine and health, and history, this handbook presents writings on interdisciplinary topics written for researchers and students across fields.

Ontological Categories

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Author : Javier Cumpa
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2011

Ontological Categories written by Javier Cumpa and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011 with Philosophy categories.

This volume explores crucial ontological categories that are designed to classify all existents. The contributors discuss three major categories: substance ontologies, trope ontologies and fact ontologies. In addition, they address the central problems of the theory categories in the classical, phenomenological and analytical tradition.

Conceptual Change And The Philosophy Of Science

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Author : David J. Stump
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2015-05-15

Controversy Spaces

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Author : Oscar Nudler
language : en
Publisher: John Benjamins Publishing
Release Date : 2011

Controversy Spaces written by Oscar Nudler and has been published by John Benjamins Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011 with Language Arts & Disciplines categories.

The notion of controversy space is the key element of the new model of scientific and philosophical change introduced in this book. Devised as an alternative to classical models, the model of Controversy Spaces is a heuristic tool for the reconstruction of processes of conceptual change in the history of science and philosophy. The first chapter of this volume outlines in its initial section the historical trajectory of the dialectical, adversarial approach to the progress of knowledge, from its ancient flourishing and its almost complete oblivion in modernity up to its contemporary revival. Then the main features that characterize the structure and dynamics of controversy spaces are identified and examined. In the rest of the book the reader will find a detailed, fascinating series of case studies that apply the CS model in a variety of scientific areas, ranging from physics to linguistics, as well as the philosophy of mind and the philosophy of historiography.

Philosophy Of Science Cognitive Psychology And Educational Theory And Practice

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Author : Richard A. Duschl
language : en
Publisher: State University of New York Press
Release Date : 1992-08-17

Philosophy Of Science Cognitive Psychology And Educational Theory And Practice written by Richard A. Duschl and has been published by State University of New York Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1992-08-17 with Education categories.

This edited volume extends existing discussions among philosophers of science, cognitive psychologists, and educational researchers on the the restructuring of scientific knowledge and the domain of science education. This exchange of ideas across disciplinary fields raises fundamental issues and provides frameworks that help to focus educational research programs, curriculum development efforts, and teacher training programs.

Conceptual Change And The Philosophy Of Science

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