Conditionals Information And Inference
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Cognition And Conditionals
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Author : Mike Oaksford
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press, USA
Release Date : 2010
Cognition And Conditionals written by Mike Oaksford and has been published by Oxford University Press, USA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010 with Language Arts & Disciplines categories.
The conditional, if...then, is probably the most important term in natural language and forms the core of systems of logic and mental representation. Cognition and Conditionals is the first volume for over 20 years that brings together recent developments in the cognitive science and psychology of conditional reasoning.
Logical Structures For Representation Of Knowledge And Uncertainty
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Author : Ellen Hisdal
language : en
Publisher: Physica
Release Date : 2013-04-17
Logical Structures For Representation Of Knowledge And Uncertainty written by Ellen Hisdal and has been published by Physica this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-04-17 with Mathematics categories.
It is the business of science not to create laws, but to discover them. We do not originate the constitution of our own minds, greatly as it may be in our power to modify their character. And as the laws of the human intellect do not depend upon our will, so the forms of science, of (1. 1) which they constitute the basis, are in all essential regards independent of individual choice. George Boole [10, p. llJ 1. 1 Comparison with Traditional Logic The logic of this book is a probability logic built on top of a yes-no or 2-valued logic. It is divided into two parts, part I: BP Logic, and part II: M Logic. 'BP' stands for 'Bayes Postulate'. This postulate says that in the absence of knowl edge concerning a probability distribution over a universe or space one should assume 1 a uniform distribution. 2 The M logic of part II does not make use of Bayes postulate or of any other postulates or axioms. It relies exclusively on purely deductive reasoning following from the definition of probabilities. The M logic goes an important step further than the BP logic in that it can distinguish between certain types of information supply sentences which have the same representation in the BP logic as well as in traditional first order logic, although they clearly have different meanings (see example 6. 1. 2; also comments to the Paris-Rome problem of eqs. (1. 8), (1. 9) below).
Frank Ramsey S Theory Of Conditionals
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Author : Caterina Sisti
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2025-01-01
Frank Ramsey S Theory Of Conditionals written by Caterina Sisti and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2025-01-01 with Philosophy categories.
This book provides the first fully developed account of Frank Ramsey's theory of conditionals. It is divided into two parts. The first part of the book is historical, investigating Ramsey’s texts to discover his views on conditionals. The second part systematically develops a unified account of conditionals, building on Ramsey’s ideas.
Conditionals In Nonmonotonic Reasoning And Belief Revision
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Author : Gabriele Kern-Isberner
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2003-06-29
Conditionals In Nonmonotonic Reasoning And Belief Revision written by Gabriele Kern-Isberner and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2003-06-29 with Computers categories.
Conditionals are omnipresent, in everyday life as well as in scientific environments; they represent generic knowledge acquired inductively or learned from books. They tie a flexible and highly interrelated network of connections along which reasoning is possible and which can be applied to different situations. Therefore, conditionals are important, but also quite problematic objects in knowledge representation. This book presents a new approach to conditionals which captures their dynamic, non-proportional nature particularly well by considering conditionals as agents shifting possible worlds in order to establish relationships and beliefs. This understanding of conditionals yields a rich theory which makes complex interactions between conditionals transparent and operational. Moreover,it provides a unifying and enhanced framework for knowledge representation, nonmonotonic reasoning, belief revision,and even for knowledge discovery.
Handbook Of Imagination And Mental Simulation
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Author : Keith D. Markman
language : en
Publisher: Psychology Press
Release Date : 2012-09-10
Handbook Of Imagination And Mental Simulation written by Keith D. Markman and has been published by Psychology Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-09-10 with Psychology categories.
Over the past thirty years, and particularly within the last ten years, researchers in the areas of social psychology, cognitive psychology, clinical psychology, and neuroscience have been examining fascinating questions regarding the nature of imagination and mental simulation – the imagination and generation of alternative realities. Some of these researchers have focused on the specific processes that occur in the brain when an individual is mentally simulating an action or forming a mental image, whereas others have focused on the consequences of mental simulation processes for affect, cognition, motivation, and behavior. This Handbook provides a novel and stimulating integration of work on imagination and mental simulation from a variety of perspectives. It is the first broad-based volume to integrate specific sub-areas such as mental imagery, imagination, thought flow, narrative transportation, fantasizing, and counterfactual thinking, which have, until now, been treated by researchers as disparate and orthogonal lines of inquiry. As such, the volume enlightens psychologists to the notion that a wide-range of mental simulation phenomena may actually share a commonality of underlying processes.
Rational Reasoning With Finite Conditional Knowledge Bases
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Author : Christian Eichhorn
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2018-12-28
Rational Reasoning With Finite Conditional Knowledge Bases written by Christian Eichhorn and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-12-28 with Philosophy categories.
Nonmonotonic reasoning is a discipline of computer science, epistemology, and cognition: It models inferences where classical logic is inadequate in symbolic AI, defines normative models for reasoning with defeasible information in epistemology, and models human reasoning under information change in cognition. Its building blocks are defeasible rules formalised as DeFinetti conditionals. In this thesis, Christian Eichhorn examines qualitative and semi-quantitative inference relations on top said conditionals, using the conditional structure of the knowledge base and Spohn’s Ordinal Conditional Functions, using established properties. Converting network approaches from probabilistics, he shows how to approach the relations with regard to implementation.
If
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Author : Jonathan St. B. T. Evans
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press, USA
Release Date : 2004
If written by Jonathan St. B. T. Evans and has been published by Oxford University Press, USA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2004 with Mathematics categories.
'If' is one of the most important words in the English language, being used to express hypothetical thought. The use of conditionals such as 'if' distinguishes human intelligence from that of other animals. In this volume, the authors present a theoretical approach to understanding conditionals.
Conditionals Information And Inference
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Author : Gabriele Kern-Isberner
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2005-05-18
Conditionals Information And Inference written by Gabriele Kern-Isberner and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2005-05-18 with Computers categories.
This book constitutes the thoroughly refereed postproceedings of the International Workshop on Conditionals, Information, and Inference, WCII 2002, held in Hagen, Germany in May 2002. The 9 revised full papers presented together with 3 invited papers by leading researchers in the area were carefully selected during iterated rounds of reviewing and improvement. The papers address all current issues of research on conditionals, ranging from foundational, theoretical, and methodological aspects to applications in various contexts of knowledge representation.
Situation Theory And Its Applications Volume 2
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Author : Robin Cooper
language : en
Publisher: Center for the Study of Language (CSLI)
Release Date : 1990
Situation Theory And Its Applications Volume 2 written by Robin Cooper and has been published by Center for the Study of Language (CSLI) this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1990 with Computers categories.
Situation theory is the result of an interdisciplinary effort to create a full-fledged theory of information. Created by scholars and scientists from cognitive science, computer science, AI, linguistics, logic, philosophy, and mathematics, the theory is forging a common set of tools for the analysis of phenomena from all these fields. This volume presents work that evolved out of the Second Conference on Situation Theory and its Applications. Twenty-six essays exhibit the wide range of the theory, covering such topics as natural language semantics, philosophical issues about information, mathematical applications, and the visual representation of information in computer systems.Jon Barwise is a professor of philosophy, mathematics, and logic at Indiana University in Bloomington. Jean Mark Gawron is a researcher at SRI International and a consultant at Hewlett-Packard Laboratories. Gordon Plotkin is a professor of theoretical computer science at the University of Edinburgh. Syun Tutiya is in the philosophy department at Chiba University in Japan.
Conditionals
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Author : Stefan Kaufmann
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2023-04-29
Conditionals written by Stefan Kaufmann and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-04-29 with Language Arts & Disciplines categories.
This edited book examines conditionals from a number of interdisciplinary perspectives, drawing on research from fields as diverse as linguistics, psychology, philosophy and logic. Across 13 chapters, the authors not only investigate and examine various commonly-held perceptions about conditionals, but they also challenge many of the assumptions underpinning current conditionals scholarship, setting an agenda for future research. Based in part on the papers presented at a unique international summer school - Conditionals in Paris - this volume represents the cutting edge in the study of conditionals, and it will be of interest to scholars in fields including linguistics and psychology, semiotics, philosophy and logic, and artificial intelligence.