Confidence Likelihood Probability
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Confidence Likelihood Probability
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Author : Tore Schweder
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2016-02-24
Confidence Likelihood Probability written by Tore Schweder and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-02-24 with Mathematics categories.
This lively book lays out a methodology of confidence distributions and puts them through their paces. Among other merits, they lead to optimal combinations of confidence from different sources of information, and they can make complex models amenable to objective and indeed prior-free analysis for less subjectively inclined statisticians. The generous mixture of theory, illustrations, applications and exercises is suitable for statisticians at all levels of experience, as well as for data-oriented scientists. Some confidence distributions are less dispersed than their competitors. This concept leads to a theory of risk functions and comparisons for distributions of confidence. Neyman–Pearson type theorems leading to optimal confidence are developed and richly illustrated. Exact and optimal confidence distribution is the gold standard for inferred epistemic distributions. Confidence distributions and likelihood functions are intertwined, allowing prior distributions to be made part of the likelihood. Meta-analysis in likelihood terms is developed and taken beyond traditional methods, suiting it in particular to combining information across diverse data sources.
Confidence Likelihood Probability
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Author : Tore Schweder
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2016-02-24
Confidence Likelihood Probability written by Tore Schweder and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-02-24 with Business & Economics categories.
This is the first book to develop a methodology of confidence distributions, with a lively mix of theory, illustrations, applications and exercises.
Philosophies Puzzles And Paradoxes
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Author : Yudi Pawitan
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2024-03-21
Philosophies Puzzles And Paradoxes written by Yudi Pawitan and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2024-03-21 with Philosophy categories.
Unlike mathematics, statistics deals with real-world data and involves a higher degree of subjectivity due to the role of interpretation. Interpretation is shaped by context as well as the knowledge, preferences, assumptions and preconceptions of the interpreter, leading to a variety of interpretations of concepts as well as results. Philosophies, Puzzles and Paradoxes: A Statistician’s Search for Truth thoroughly examines the distinct philosophical approaches to statistics – Bayesian, frequentist and likelihood – arising from different interpretations of probability and uncertainty. These differences are highlighted through numerous puzzles and paradoxes and illuminated by extensive discussions of the background philosophy of science. Features: Exploration of the philosophy of knowledge and truth and how they relate to deductive and inductive reasoning, and ultimately scientific and statistical thinking Discussion of the philosophical theories of probability that are wider than the standard Bayesian and frequentist views Exposition and examination of Savage’s axioms as the basis of subjective probability and Bayesian statistics Explanation of likelihood and likelihood-based inference, including the controversy surrounding the likelihood principle Discussion of fiducial probability and its evolution to confidence procedure Introduction of extended and hierarchical likelihood for random parameters, with the recognition of confidence as extended likelihood, leading to epistemic confidence as an objective measure of uncertainty for single events Detailed analyses and new variations of classic paradoxes, such as the Monty Hall puzzle, the paradox of the ravens, the exchange paradox, and more Substantive yet non-technical, catering to readers with only introductory exposure to the theory of probability and statistics This book primarily targets statisticians in general, including both undergraduate and graduate students, as well as researchers interested in the philosophical basis of probability and statistics. It is also suitable for philosophers of science and general readers intrigued by puzzles and paradoxes.
Climate Change 2021 The Physical Science Basis
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Author : Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2023-07-26
Climate Change 2021 The Physical Science Basis written by Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-07-26 with Science categories.
The Working Group I contribution to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) provides a comprehensive assessment of the physical science basis of climate change. It considers in situ and remote observations; paleoclimate information; understanding of climate drivers and physical, chemical, and biological processes and feedbacks; global and regional climate modelling; advances in methods of analyses; and insights from climate services. It assesses the current state of the climate; human influence on climate in all regions; future climate change including sea level rise; global warming effects including extremes; climate information for risk assessment and regional adaptation; limiting climate change by reaching net zero carbon dioxide emissions and reducing other greenhouse gas emissions; and benefits for air quality. The report serves policymakers, decision makers, stakeholders, and all interested parties with the latest policy-relevant information on climate change. Available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.
Climate And Environmental Change In The Mediterranean Basin Current Situation And Risks For The Future First Mediterranean Assessment Report
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Author : Mediterranean Experts on Climate and environmental Change (MedECC)
language : en
Publisher: MedECC
Release Date : 2020-11-17
Climate And Environmental Change In The Mediterranean Basin Current Situation And Risks For The Future First Mediterranean Assessment Report written by Mediterranean Experts on Climate and environmental Change (MedECC) and has been published by MedECC this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-11-17 with Science categories.
The First Mediterranean Assessment Report (MAR1) prepared by the independent network of Mediterranean Experts on Climate and environmental Change (MedECC) founded in 2015 was published in November 2020. MAR1 assesses the best available scientific knowledge on climate and environmental change and associated risks in the Mediterranean Basin in order to render it accessible to policymakers, stakeholders and citizens. The report has been written by 190 scientists from 25 countries, all contributing in individual capacity and without financial compensation. The report includes a Summary for Policymakers (SPM), which comprises the key messages of the MAR1. The UNEP/MAP – Barcelona Convention Secretariat, through its Plan Bleu Regional Activity Center, and the Secretariat of the Union for the Mediterranean work in partnership to support MedECC, and to contribute to establish a sound and transparent scientific assessment process.
Karl Popper S Science And Philosophy
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Author : Zuzana Parusniková
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2021-07-19
Karl Popper S Science And Philosophy written by Zuzana Parusniková and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-07-19 with Science categories.
Of all philosophers of the 20th century, few built more bridges between academic disciplines than Karl Popper. He contributed to a wide variety of fields in addition to the epistemology and the theory of scientific method for which he is best known. This book illustrates and evaluates the impact, both substantive and methodological, that Popper has had in the natural and mathematical sciences. The topics selected include quantum mechanics, evolutionary biology, cosmology, mathematical logic, statistics, and cognitive science. The approach is multidisciplinary, opening a dialogue across scientific disciplines and between scientists and philosophers.
Epistemic Processes
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Author : Inge S. Helland
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2021-10-15
Epistemic Processes written by Inge S. Helland and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-10-15 with Mathematics categories.
This book discusses a link between statistical theory and quantum theory based on the concept of epistemic processes. The latter are processes, such as statistical investigations or quantum mechanical measurements, that can be used to obtain knowledge about something. Various topics in quantum theory are addressed, including the construction of a Hilbert space from reasonable assumptions and an interpretation of quantum states. Separate derivations of the Born formula and the one-dimensional Schrödinger equation are given. In concrete terms, a Hilbert space can be constructed under some technical assumptions associated with situations where there are two conceptual variables that can be seen as maximally accessible. Then to every accessible conceptual variable there corresponds an operator on this Hilbert space, and if the variables take a finite number of values, the eigenspaces/eigenvectors of these operators correspond to specific questions in nature together with sharp answers to these questions. This paves a new way to the foundations of quantum theory. The resulting interpretation of quantum mechanics is related to Hervé Zwirn's recent Convivial Solipsism, but it also has some relations to Quantum Bayesianism and to Rovelli's relational quantum mechanics. Niels Bohr's concept of complementarity plays an important role. Philosophical implications of this approach to quantum theory are discussed, including consequences for macroscopic settings. The book will benefit a broad readership, including physicists and statisticians interested in the foundations of their disciplines, philosophers of science and graduate students, and anyone with a reasonably good background in mathematics and an open mind.
Statistical Modeling With R
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Author : Pablo Inchausti
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2023-01-16
Statistical Modeling With R written by Pablo Inchausti and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-01-16 with Science categories.
To date, statistics has tended to be neatly divided into two theoretical approaches or frameworks: frequentist (or classical) and Bayesian. Scientists typically choose the statistical framework to analyse their data depending on the nature and complexity of the problem, and based on their personal views and prior training on probability and uncertainty. Although textbooks and courses should reflect and anticipate this dual reality, they rarely do so. This accessible textbook explains, discusses, and applies both the frequentist and Bayesian theoretical frameworks to fit the different types of statistical models that allow an analysis of the types of data most commonly gathered by life scientists. It presents the material in an informal, approachable, and progressive manner suitable for readers with only a basic knowledge of calculus and statistics. Statistical Modeling with R is aimed at senior undergraduate and graduate students, professional researchers, and practitioners throughout the life sciences, seeking to strengthen their understanding of quantitative methods and to apply them successfully to real world scenarios, whether in the fields of ecology, evolution, environmental studies, or computational biology.
Statistical Hypothesis Testing In Context
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Author : Michael P. Fay
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2022-05-05
Statistical Hypothesis Testing In Context written by Michael P. Fay and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-05-05 with Mathematics categories.
This coherent guide equips applied statisticians to make good choices and proper interpretations in real investigations facing real data.
Handbook Of Bayesian Fiducial And Frequentist Inference
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Author : James Berger
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2024-02-26
Handbook Of Bayesian Fiducial And Frequentist Inference written by James Berger and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2024-02-26 with Mathematics categories.
The emergence of data science, in recent decades, has magnified the need for efficient methodology for analyzing data and highlighted the importance of statistical inference. Despite the tremendous progress that has been made, statistical science is still a young discipline and continues to have several different and competing paths in its approaches and its foundations. While the emergence of competing approaches is a natural progression of any scientific discipline, differences in the foundations of statistical inference can sometimes lead to different interpretations and conclusions from the same dataset. The increased interest in the foundations of statistical inference has led to many publications, and recent vibrant research activities in statistics, applied mathematics, philosophy and other fields of science reflect the importance of this development. The BFF approaches not only bridge foundations and scientific learning, but also facilitate objective and replicable scientific research, and provide scalable computing methodologies for the analysis of big data. Most of the published work typically focusses on a single topic or theme, and the body of work is scattered in different journals. This handbook provides a comprehensive introduction and broad overview of the key developments in the BFF schools of inference. It is intended for researchers and students who wish for an overview of foundations of inference from the BFF perspective and provides a general reference for BFF inference. Key Features: Provides a comprehensive introduction to the key developments in the BFF schools of inference Gives an overview of modern inferential methods, allowing scientists in other fields to expand their knowledge Is accessible for readers with different perspectives and backgrounds