Connectivity Driven Parcellation Methods For The Human Cerebral Cortex
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Connectivity Driven Parcellation Methods For The Human Cerebral Cortex
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Author : Salim Arslan
language : en
Publisher: Salim Arslan
Release Date : 2017-11-01
Connectivity Driven Parcellation Methods For The Human Cerebral Cortex written by Salim Arslan and has been published by Salim Arslan this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-11-01 with Computers categories.
The macro connectome elucidates the pathways through which brain regions are structurally connected or functionally coupled to perform cognitive functions. It embodies the notion of representing, analysing, and understanding all connections within the brain as a network, while the subdivision of the brain into interacting cortical units is inherent in its architecture. As a result, the definition of network nodes is one of the most critical steps in connectivity network analysis. Parcellations derived from anatomical brain atlases or random parcellations are traditionally used for node identification, however these approaches do not always fully reflect the functional/structural organisation of the brain. Connectivity-driven methods have arisen only recently, aiming to delineate parcellations that are more faithful to the underlying connectivity. Such parcellation methods face several challenges, including but not limited to poor signal-to-noise ratio, the curse of dimensionality, and functional/structural variations inherent in individual brains, which are only limitedly addressed by the current state of the art. In this thesis, we present robust and fully-automated methods for the subdivision of the entire human cerebral cortex based on connectivity information. Our contributions are four-fold: First, we propose a clustering approach to delineate a cortical parcellation that provides a reliable abstraction of the brain's functional organisation. Second, we cast the parcellation problem as a feature reduction problem and make use of manifold learning and image segmentation techniques to identify cortical regions with distinct structural connectivity patterns. Third, we present a multi-layer graphical model that combines within- and between-subject connectivity, which is then decomposed into a cortical parcellation that can represent the whole population, while accounting for the variability across subjects. Finally, we conduct a large-scale, systematic comparison of existing parcellation methods, with a focus on providing some insight into the reliability of brain parcellations in terms of reflecting the underlying connectivity, as well as, revealing their impact on network analysis. We evaluate the proposed parcellation methods on publicly available data from the Human Connectome Project and a plethora of quantitative and qualitative evaluation techniques investigated in the literature. Experiments across multiple resolutions demonstrate the accuracy of the presented methods at both subject and group levels with regards to reproducibility and fidelity to the data. The neuro-biological interpretation of the proposed parcellations is also investigated by comparing parcel boundaries with well-structured properties of the cerebral cortex. Results show the advantage of connectivity-driven parcellations over traditional approaches in terms of better fitting the underlying connectivity. However, the benefit of using connectivity to parcellate the brain is not always as clear regarding the agreement with other modalities and simple network analysis tasks carried out across healthy subjects. Nonetheless, we believe the proposed methods, along with the systematic evaluation of existing techniques, offer an important contribution to the field of brain parcellation, advancing our understanding of how the human cerebral cortex is organised at the macroscale.
Connectivity Driven Parcellation Methods For The Human Cerebral Cortex
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Author : Salim Arslan
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2017
Connectivity Driven Parcellation Methods For The Human Cerebral Cortex written by Salim Arslan and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017 with categories.
Handbook Of Diffusion Mr Tractography
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Author : Flavio Dell'Acqua
language : en
Publisher: Academic Press
Release Date : 2024-11-19
Handbook Of Diffusion Mr Tractography written by Flavio Dell'Acqua and has been published by Academic Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2024-11-19 with Computers categories.
Handbook of Tractography presents methods and applications of MR diffusion tractography, providing deep insights into the theory and implementation of existing tractography techniques and offering practical advice on how to apply diffusion tractography to research projects and clinical applications. Starting from the design of MR acquisition protocols optimized for tractography, the book follows a pipeline approach to explain the main methods behind diffusion modelling and tractography, including advanced analysis of tractography data and connectomics. An extensive section of the book is devoted to the description of tractography applications in research and clinical settings to give a complete picture of tractography practice today. By focusing on technology, models and applications, this handbook will be an indispensable reference for researchers and students with backgrounds in computer science, mathematics, physics, neuroscience and medical science. - Provides a unique reference covering the whole field of MRI diffusion tractography - Includes in-depth descriptions of the latest research and current state-of-the-art of methods available in the field of diffusion tractography - Present a step-by-step pipeline approach, from setting up MRI data acquisition to the analysis of large-scale tractography datasets
Fundamentals Of Brain Network Analysis
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Author : Alex Fornito
language : en
Publisher: Academic Press
Release Date : 2016-03-04
Fundamentals Of Brain Network Analysis written by Alex Fornito and has been published by Academic Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-03-04 with Medical categories.
Fundamentals of Brain Network Analysis is a comprehensive and accessible introduction to methods for unraveling the extraordinary complexity of neuronal connectivity. From the perspective of graph theory and network science, this book introduces, motivates and explains techniques for modeling brain networks as graphs of nodes connected by edges, and covers a diverse array of measures for quantifying their topological and spatial organization. It builds intuition for key concepts and methods by illustrating how they can be practically applied in diverse areas of neuroscience, ranging from the analysis of synaptic networks in the nematode worm to the characterization of large-scale human brain networks constructed with magnetic resonance imaging. This text is ideally suited to neuroscientists wanting to develop expertise in the rapidly developing field of neural connectomics, and to physical and computational scientists wanting to understand how these quantitative methods can be used to understand brain organization. - Winner of the 2017 PROSE Award in Biomedicine & Neuroscience and the 2017 British Medical Association (BMA) Award in Neurology - Extensively illustrated throughout by graphical representations of key mathematical concepts and their practical applications to analyses of nervous systems - Comprehensively covers graph theoretical analyses of structural and functional brain networks, from microscopic to macroscopic scales, using examples based on a wide variety of experimental methods in neuroscience - Designed to inform and empower scientists at all levels of experience, and from any specialist background, wanting to use modern methods of network science to understand the organization of the brain
Medical Image Computing And Computer Assisted Intervention Miccai 2016
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Author : Sebastien Ourselin
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2016-10-17
Medical Image Computing And Computer Assisted Intervention Miccai 2016 written by Sebastien Ourselin and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-10-17 with Computers categories.
The three-volume set LNCS 9900, 9901, and 9902 constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 19th International Conference on Medical Image Computing and Computer-Assisted Intervention, MICCAI 2016, held in Athens, Greece, in October 2016. Based on rigorous peer reviews, the program committee carefully selected 228 revised regular papers from 756 submissions for presentation in three volumes. The papers have been organized in the following topical sections: Part I: brain analysis; brain analysis - connectivity; brain analysis - cortical morphology; Alzheimer disease; surgical guidance and tracking; computer aided interventions; ultrasound image analysis; cancer image analysis; Part II: machine learning and feature selection; deep learning in medical imaging; applications of machine learning; segmentation; cell image analysis; Part III: registration and deformation estimation; shape modeling; cardiac and vascular image analysis; image reconstruction; and MR image analysis.
Computational Diffusion Mri
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Author : Andrea Fuster
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2017-05-11
Computational Diffusion Mri written by Andrea Fuster and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-05-11 with Mathematics categories.
This volume offers a valuable starting point for anyone interested in learning computational diffusion MRI and mathematical methods for brain connectivity, while also sharing new perspectives and insights on the latest research challenges for those currently working in the field. Over the last decade, interest in diffusion MRI has virtually exploded. The technique provides unique insights into the microstructure of living tissue and enables in-vivo connectivity mapping of the brain. Computational techniques are key to the continued success and development of diffusion MRI and to its widespread transfer into the clinic, while new processing methods are essential to addressing issues at each stage of the diffusion MRI pipeline: acquisition, reconstruction, modeling and model fitting, image processing, fiber tracking, connectivity mapping, visualization, group studies and inference. These papers from the 2016 MICCAI Workshop “Computational Diffusion MRI” – which was intended to provide a snapshot of the latest developments within the highly active and growing field of diffusion MR – cover a wide range of topics, from fundamental theoretical work on mathematical modeling, to the development and evaluation of robust algorithms and applications in neuroscientific studies and clinical practice. The contributions include rigorous mathematical derivations, a wealth of rich, full-color visualizations, and biologically or clinically relevant results. As such, they will be of interest to researchers and practitioners in the fields of computer science, MR physics, and applied mathematics.
Microstructural Parcellation Of The Human Cerebral Cortex
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Author : Stefan Geyer
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2013-07-04
Microstructural Parcellation Of The Human Cerebral Cortex written by Stefan Geyer and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-07-04 with Science categories.
Unraveling the functional properties of structural elements in the brain is one of the fundamental goals of neuroscientific research. In the cerebral cortex this is no mean feat, since cortical areas are defined microstructurally in post-mortem brains but functionally in living brains with electrophysiological or neuroimaging techniques – and cortical areas vary in their topographical properties across individual brains. Being able to map both microstructure and function in the same brains noninvasively in vivo would represent a huge leap forward. In recent years, high-field magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technologies with spatial resolution below 0.5 mm have set the stage for this by detecting structural differences within the human cerebral cortex, beyond the Stria of Gennari. This provides the basis for an in vivo microanatomical brain map, with the enormous potential to make direct correlations between microstructure and function in living human brains. This book starts with Brodmann’s post-mortem map published in the early 20th century, moves on to the almost forgotten microstructural maps of von Economo and Koskinas and the Vogt-Vogt school, sheds some light on more recent approaches that aim at mapping cortical areas noninvasively in living human brains, and culminates with the concept of “in vivo Brodmann mapping” using high-field MRI, which was introduced in the early 21st century.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Of Healthy And Diseased Brain Networks
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Author : Yong He
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2015-03-05
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Of Healthy And Diseased Brain Networks written by Yong He and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-03-05 with Brain categories.
An important aspect of neuroscience is to characterize the underlying connectivity patterns of the human brain (i.e., human connectomics). Over the past few years, researchers have demonstrated that by combining a variety of different neuroimaging technologies (e.g., structural MRI, diffusion MRI and functional MRI) with sophisticated analytic strategies such as graph theory, it is possible to noninvasively map the patterns of structural and functional connectivity of human whole-brain networks. With these novel approaches, many studies have shown that human brain networks have nonrandom properties such as modularity, small-worldness and highly connected hubs. Importantly, these quantifiable network properties change with age, learning and disease. Moreover, there is growing evidence for behavioral and genetic correlates. Network analysis of neuroimaging data is opening up a new avenue of research into the understanding of the organizational principles of the brain that will be of interest for all basic scientists and clinical researchers. Such approaches are powerful but there are a number of challenging issues when extracting reliable brain networks from various imaging modalities and analyzing the topological properties, e.g., definitions of network nodes and edges and reproducibility of network analysis. We assembled contributions related to the state-of-the-art methodologies of brain connectivity and the applications involving development, aging and neuropsychiatric disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease, schizophrenia, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and mood and anxiety disorders. It is anticipated that the articles in this Research Topic will provide a greater range and depth of provision for the field of imaging connectomics.
Brain Inspired Computing
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Author : Katrin Amunts
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2016-12-10
Brain Inspired Computing written by Katrin Amunts and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-12-10 with Computers categories.
This book constitutes revised selected papers from the Second International Workshop on Brain-Inspired Computing, BrainComp 2015, held in Cetraro, Italy, in July 2015. The 14 papers presented in this volume were carefully reviewed and selected for inclusion in this book. They deal with brain structure and function; computational models and brain-inspired computing methods with practical applications; high performance computing; and visualization for brain simulations.
Medical Image Computing And Computer Assisted Intervention Miccai 2015
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Author : Nassir Navab
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2015-09-28
Medical Image Computing And Computer Assisted Intervention Miccai 2015 written by Nassir Navab and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-09-28 with Computers categories.
The three-volume set LNCS 9349, 9350, and 9351 constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 18th International Conference on Medical Image Computing and Computer-Assisted Intervention, MICCAI 2015, held in Munich, Germany, in October 2015. Based on rigorous peer reviews, the program committee carefully selected 263 revised papers from 810 submissions for presentation in three volumes. The papers have been organized in the following topical sections: quantitative image analysis I: segmentation and measurement; computer-aided diagnosis: machine learning; computer-aided diagnosis: automation; quantitative image analysis II: classification, detection, features, and morphology; advanced MRI: diffusion, fMRI, DCE; quantitative image analysis III: motion, deformation, development and degeneration; quantitative image analysis IV: microscopy, fluorescence and histological imagery; registration: method and advanced applications; reconstruction, image formation, advanced acquisition - computational imaging; modelling and simulation for diagnosis and interventional planning; computer-assisted and image-guided interventions.