Consequences Of Basel Ii For Small And Mid Sized Enterprises
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Consequences Of Basel Ii For Small And Mid Sized Enterprises
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Author : Björn Schlüter
language : en
Publisher: diplom.de
Release Date : 2002-06-26
Consequences Of Basel Ii For Small And Mid Sized Enterprises written by Björn Schlüter and has been published by diplom.de this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2002-06-26 with Business & Economics categories.
Inhaltsangabe:Abstract: At present, rating is the number-one-topic discussed, both within the banking community and also, even more frequently, at enterprises. The second consultative package of the Basel Committee for Banking Supervision provides a basic change in equity capital contribution of banks. It is expected to change the rules of the credit business with institutional customers considerably. As a result, especially small and mid-sized enterprises are forced to enhance their credit standing in order not to struggle with the serious consequences of Basel II. This case study shows how! Inhaltsverzeichnis:Table of Contents: 1.INTRODUCTION4 1.1Overview4 1.2Definition of the new Basel Capital Accord4 1.3Targets5 1.4Structure5 2.BASICS6 2.1Small and mid-sized Enterprises (SMEs)6 2.1.1Definition of SMEs6 2.1.2EconomicSituation andImportance ofSMEs7 2.2Rating7 2.2.1Credit ratings7 2.2.2External ratings by rating agencies8 2.2.3Bank-internal ratings9 2.2.4Function of credit ratings10 2.2.5Rating procedure and structure12 2.2.6Rating as an opportunity to prepare for Basel II16 3.BASEL II - THE NEW BASELCAPITAL ACCORD18 3.1The Basel Committee of Banking Supervision18 3.2The way from Basel I to Basel II18 3.3Overview of the new Capital Approach19 3.3.1The first Pillar: Minimum Capital Requirements19 3.3.1.1In context of granting credits to small and mid-sized companies23 3.3.1.2Possibilities of asset securitisation26 3.3.2The second Pillar: Supervisory Review Process27 3.3.3The third Pillar: Market Discipline27 4.THE CONSEQUENCES OF BASEL'S RESOLUTIONS29 4.1Current financial requirements of the small to medium-sized business sector29 4.2Internal vs. external rating of SMEs31 4.3Actual preparation status of SMEs35 4.4Rating under aspects of Investor Relations42 4.5Alternative financing possibilities for SMEs44 4.5.1Effects on banks45 4.5.2Effects on interest rates for SMEs46 4.6Possibilities for SMEs to prepare for Basel II48 4.6.1Implementation of a value-based management50 5.CONCLUSION55 6.APPENDIX57 6.1Index of Abbreviations57 6.2Index of Literature58
The Impact Of Basel Ii On Small And Medium Sized Enterprises In Germany
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Author : Nickels Wieneke
language : en
Publisher: GRIN Verlag
Release Date : 2005-01-14
The Impact Of Basel Ii On Small And Medium Sized Enterprises In Germany written by Nickels Wieneke and has been published by GRIN Verlag this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2005-01-14 with Business & Economics categories.
Bachelor Thesis from the year 2004 in the subject Business economics - Banking, Stock Exchanges, Insurance, Accounting, grade: 1,7 (B+ 68%), Oxford Brookes University, language: English, abstract: This dissertation examines the current discussion about the introduction of the New Basel Capital Accord and the impact it will have on Small and Medium sized Enterprises in Germany. SMEs or the ‘Mittelstand’ are the carrying pillar for the German economy: 20 million employees work for SMEs and produce a value added subject to VAT of 49% of the German economy. These establishments are not only innovative and progressive in the way they conduct their business; its owners and managers are also an important factor for the aggregate demand in Germany. With reflection on the requirements of Basel II the major weaknesses of SMEs are revealed: their provision with own funds is traditionally low compared to large companies and bank loans present a main source of debt finance. Minimum capital requirements are an essential part of banking supervision and banking regulation and help ensuring the financial stability of an economy. Financial stability is vital for a country because it helps to absorb losses and protects consumers from the loss of their investments. This was not so in Thailand when the Asian Crisis started in 1997. One reason for the Asian Crisis, among others, was inadequate banking supervision. The Basel Committee has produced a set of minimum requirements for effective banking supervision which can be applied to every country. The so called ‘1988 Accord’ or ‘Basel I’ is currently being modified into ‘Basel II’ and likely to be introduced in the beginning of 2007. This paper is mainly concerned with the change in the calculation of minimum capital requirements (MCR), i.e. how much capital credit institutes put aside as a cushion against future losses. The main impact of Basel II on SMEs in Germany is that the future calculations of the MRC will depend on the company’s individual solvency and not on a fixed percentage of a loan.
The Consequences Of The New Basel Capital Accord Basel Ii For Bank Lending To Corporate Borrowers
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Author : Katrin Sülberg
language : en
Publisher: diplom.de
Release Date : 2004-07-09
The Consequences Of The New Basel Capital Accord Basel Ii For Bank Lending To Corporate Borrowers written by Katrin Sülberg and has been published by diplom.de this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2004-07-09 with Business & Economics categories.
Inhaltsangabe:Abstract: The central problem and resulting question of this thesis was: 'Will Basel II make credits in the Mittelstand more expensive?' In view of the previous analysis on possible capital requirements and changes in credit conditions for German small and medium-sized enterprises, the answer to this question can be adequately answered: On average, Basel II does not make credits in the Mittelstand more expensive. Basel II has an influence on the amount of regulatory capital the banks have to hold. The costs of this scarce factor are included in the risk premium which is part of the borrower s credit rent. Therefore, the credit rent would ceteris paribus be higher if capital requirements rose. However, it has been shown that for about 90% of German companies, capital requirements will even be lower in Basel II. This is because these companies will belong to the retail segment in Basel II where there is a reduction in regulatory capital (compared to the current 8%) up to a high probability of default between 7% and 8%, which would apply to a company in default or bankruptcy. Additionally, capital requirements for small and medium-sized enterprises can be further reduced due to the extended recognition of collaterals. Basel II has introduced types of collaterals that small and medium-sized companies are more often able to deliver, namely account receivables and real estate. It can therefore be concluded that a possible future increase in average credit rent levels for German small and medium-sized enterprises must have other reasons than the banks costs for regulatory capital. Zusammenfassung: Jede Wirtschaft beruht auf einem Kreditsystem, das heißt, auf der irrtümlichen Annahme, der andere werde gepumptes Geld zurückzahlen (Kurt Tucholsky, 1931) Kreditinstitute spielen eine besondere Rolle in modernen Volkswirtschaften. Sie sind nicht nur Mittler zwischen Kreditnehmern und Einlegern, sondern stellen darüber hinaus vielfältige nicht bilanzwirksame Finanzdienstleistungen zur Verfügung. Dabei ist der professionelle Umgang mit Kredit-, Markt-, Liquiditäts- und anderen Risiken eine der wichtigsten Leistungen von Finanzintermediären. Solche Risiken dürfen jedoch nicht zu Instabilitäten im Finanzsektor führen. Über die eigene Risikovorsorge der Institute hinaus wurden deshalb besondere Aufsichtsregeln für Kreditinstitute geschaffen, unter denen die Eigenkapitalregeln eine herausragende Rolle einnehmen. Im dynamischen und [...]
International Convergence Of Capital Measurement And Capital Standards
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Author :
language : en
Publisher: Lulu.com
Release Date : 2004
International Convergence Of Capital Measurement And Capital Standards written by and has been published by Lulu.com this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2004 with Bank capital categories.
The New Basel Capital Accord And Sme Financing
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Author : Rym Ayadi
language : en
Publisher: Centre for European Policy Studies
Release Date : 2005
The New Basel Capital Accord And Sme Financing written by Rym Ayadi and has been published by Centre for European Policy Studies this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2005 with Bank capital categories.
The First Basel Capital Accord, implemented in 1988, was aimed at ensuring the soundness and stability of the international banking system. The new accord, Basel II, which is planned for implementation in December 2006, is intended to strengthen the framework for dealing with credit risk. This book provides an informative analysis of what Basel II means for the small and medium-sized enterprize (SME) sector in Europe and its impact on its credit financing conditions. It also presents a detailed analysis of how banks formulate an internal rating system and illustrates how this system works in practice. Finally, it concludes with the key measures that should be taken by banks, SMEs, and public policymakers to improve financing in the new rating culture.
Importance Of Basel Iii For Lending Alternatives To Smes
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Author : Daniel Hosp
language : en
Publisher: GRIN Verlag
Release Date : 2013-02-05
Importance Of Basel Iii For Lending Alternatives To Smes written by Daniel Hosp and has been published by GRIN Verlag this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-02-05 with Business & Economics categories.
Seminar paper from the year 2012 in the subject Business economics - Investment and Finance, grade: 1, University of Innsbruck, course: Aktuelle Themen in Banking and Finance, language: English, abstract: Basel III is currently on everyone’s lips. Some weeks before the introduction of the first requirements it is still not fully clear how and which parts of it will be implemented. Several studies about the impact of Basel III on bank loan availability for small and medium sized companies (SMEs ) do exist (e.g. McKinsey (2010)) which have shown that the introduction of those new regulatory requirements hamper the access for SMEs to sufficient sources of funding. This raises the question if these restrictions for bank lending can be substituted by some alternative funding source or if the availability of external finance to SMEs will be constrained under Basel III. This seminar paper focuses on the lending alternatives apart from bank loans and the possibility of gathering additional equity capital. This is basically the so called asset based finance. Thereby the paper concentrates on European SMEs as long as their conditions are quite similar to those of Austrian SMEs and the introduction of Basel III can be expected to be most strict for European financial institution and thus may hit those SMEs the most. Before starting with the explanation of different lending alternatives the importance of SMEs for the global economy should be pointed out. The importance is especially present in Europe. SMEs account for two third of the total employment in the EU-27 area and they generated more economic growth from 2002 to 2008 than large firms did (Oxford Economics, 2011). Moreover they represent 99% of all businesses that exist in Europe (European Commission, 2005). So SMEs are the main driver of economic growth, employment and wealth in Europe. Apart from that each single SME does not have a systematic risk and they were also not responsible for the current financial crisis. Thus SMEs should generally be supported to sustain growth and employment. Nevertheless the rules of Basel III may have highly negative influences on their financing possibilities which moreover has a negative effect on the real economy...
An Investigation Of The Impact Of Basel Ii On The Improvement In Risk Management Practice Globally
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Author : Frédérik Arns
language : en
Publisher: GRIN Verlag
Release Date : 2006-03-28
An Investigation Of The Impact Of Basel Ii On The Improvement In Risk Management Practice Globally written by Frédérik Arns and has been published by GRIN Verlag this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2006-03-28 with Business & Economics categories.
Essay from the year 2006 in the subject Business economics - Banking, Stock Exchanges, Insurance, Accounting, grade: A, University of Westminster (Westminster Business School), course: International Risk Management, language: English, abstract: The new Basel Accord will be introduced in 2007, this publication examines in how far the new package of regulations will benefit risk management globally. After evaluating contradictory points of view of several internationally active groups, the author comes to the conclusion that even though the final impact cannot yet be observed Basel II is likely to improve the current situation of risk management in the market.
The New Basel Capital Accord And The Future Of The European Financial System
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Author : Rym Ayadi
language : en
Publisher: CEPS
Release Date : 2004
The New Basel Capital Accord And The Future Of The European Financial System written by Rym Ayadi and has been published by CEPS this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2004 with Bank capital categories.
The purpose of this report is to provide a detailed, up-to-date and critical analysis of the New Basel Capital Accord framework. It focuses on the limitations and pitfalls that may deserve further investigation, particularly at the European level. Moreover, it provides a provisional assessment of its effects on small- and medium-sized European banks, as well as small- and medium-sized European enterprises. It examines the procyclicality of the new Accord and offers mechanisms to counter it. Finally, it addresses the challenges of implementing the new rules at the EU level.
Potential Competitive Effects Of Basel Ii On Banks In Sme Credit Markets In The United States
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Author : Allen N. Berger
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2004
Potential Competitive Effects Of Basel Ii On Banks In Sme Credit Markets In The United States written by Allen N. Berger and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2004 with Banks and banking categories.
From Basel I To Basel Iii Sequencing Implementation In Developing Economies
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Author : Caio Ferreira
language : en
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Release Date : 2019-06-14
From Basel I To Basel Iii Sequencing Implementation In Developing Economies written by Caio Ferreira and has been published by International Monetary Fund this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-06-14 with Business & Economics categories.
Developing economies can strengthen their financial systems by implementing the main elements of global regulatory reform. But to build an effective prudential framework, they may need to adapt international standards taking into account the sophistication and size of their financial institutions, the relevance of different financial operations in their market, the granularity of information available and the capacity of their supervisors. Under a proportionate application of the Basel standards, smaller institutions with less complex business models would be subject to a simpler regulatory framework that enhances the resilience of the financial sector without generating disproportionate compliance costs. This paper provides guidance on how non-Basel Committee member countries could incorporate banks’ capital and liquidity standards into their framework. It builds on the experience gained by the authors in the course of their work in providing technical assistance on—and assessing compliance with—international standards in banking supervision.