Contextuality From Quantum Physics To Psychology
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Contextuality From Quantum Physics To Psychology
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Author : Ehtibar N Dzhafarov
language : en
Publisher: World Scientific
Release Date : 2015-11-30
Contextuality From Quantum Physics To Psychology written by Ehtibar N Dzhafarov and has been published by World Scientific this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-11-30 with Science categories.
The book explores the variety of meanings of contextuality across different disciplines, with the emphasis on quantum physics and on psychology.
Contextuality From Quantum Physics To Psychology
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Author : Ehtibar Dzhafarov
language : en
Publisher: World Scientific
Release Date : 2015-11-30
Contextuality From Quantum Physics To Psychology written by Ehtibar Dzhafarov and has been published by World Scientific this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-11-30 with Science categories.
"The book explores the variety of meanings of contextuality across different disciplines, with the emphasis on quantum physics and on psychology."--
Ubiquitous Quantum Structure
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Author : Andrei Y. Khrennikov
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2010-01-23
Ubiquitous Quantum Structure written by Andrei Y. Khrennikov and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010-01-23 with Science categories.
Quantum-like structure is present practically everywhere. Quantum-like (QL) models, i.e. models based on the mathematical formalism of quantum mechanics and its generalizations can be successfully applied to cognitive science, psychology, genetics, economics, finances, and game theory. This book is not about quantum mechanics as a physical theory. The short review of quantum postulates is therefore mainly of historical value: quantum mechanics is just the first example of the successful application of non-Kolmogorov probabilities, the first step towards a contextual probabilistic description of natural, biological, psychological, social, economical or financial phenomena. A general contextual probabilistic model (Växjö model) is presented. It can be used for describing probabilities in both quantum and classical (statistical) mechanics as well as in the above mentioned phenomena. This model can be represented in a quantum-like way, namely, in complex and more general Hilbert spaces. In this way quantum probability is totally demystified: Born's representation of quantum probabilities by complex probability amplitudes, wave functions, is simply a special representation of this type.
Open Quantum Systems In Biology Cognitive And Social Sciences
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Author : Andrei Y. Khrennikov
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2023-06-03
Open Quantum Systems In Biology Cognitive And Social Sciences written by Andrei Y. Khrennikov and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-06-03 with Science categories.
This book mathematically analyzes the basic problems of biology, decision making and psychology within the framework of the theory of open quantum systems. In recent years there has been an explosion of interest in applications of quantum theory in fields beyond physics. The main areas include psychology, decision-making, economics, finance, social science as well as genetics and molecular biology. The corresponding models are referred to as quantum-like; they don’t concern any genuine physical processes in the human brain. Quantum-like models reflect the special features of information processing in biological, cognitive, and social systems which match well with the quantum formalism. This formalism gives rise to the quantum probability model (QP) which differs essentially from Kolmogorov's classical probability model. QP also serves as the basis for quantum information theory. Recently QP has been widely applied to the resolution of the basic paradoxes of decision making theory and to modeling experimental data stemming from cognition, psychology, economics, and finance thereby shedding light on probability fallacies and irrational behavior. In this book, the theory of quantum instruments and the quantum master equation are applied to the modeling of biological and cognitive processes, in particular, to the stability of complex biological and social systems interacting with their environment. An essential part of the book is devoted to the theory of the social laser and the Fröhlich condensate.
Applications Of Quantum Mechanical Techniques To Areas Outside Of Quantum Mechanics 2nd Edition
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Author : Emmanuel Haven
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2019-11-14
Applications Of Quantum Mechanical Techniques To Areas Outside Of Quantum Mechanics 2nd Edition written by Emmanuel Haven and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-11-14 with categories.
This book deals with applications of quantum mechanical techniques to areas outside of quantum mechanics, so-called quantum-like modeling. Research in this area has grown over the last 15 years. But even already more than 50 years ago, the interaction between Physics Nobelist Pauli and the psychologist Carl Jung in the 1950’s on seeking to find analogous uses of the complementarity principle from quantum mechanics in psychology needs noting. This book does NOT want to advance that society is quantum mechanical! The macroscopic world is manifestly not quantum mechanical. But this rules not out that one can use concepts and the mathematical apparatus from quantum physics in a macroscopic environment. A mainstay ingredient of quantum mechanics, is ‘quantum probability’ and this tool has been proven to be useful in the mathematical modelling of decision making. In the most basic experiment of quantum physics, the double slit experiment, it is known (from the works of A. Khrennikov) that the law of total probability is violated. It is now well documented that several decision making paradoxes in psychology and economics (such as the Ellsberg paradox) do exhibit this violation of the law of total probability. When data is collected with experiments which test ‘non-rational’ decision making behaviour, one can observe that such data often exhibits a complex non-commutative structure, which may be even more complex than if one considers the structure allied to the basic two slit experiment. The community exploring quantum-like models has tried to address how quantum probability can help in better explaining those paradoxes. Research has now been published in very high standing journals on resolving some of the paradoxes with the mathematics of quantum physics. The aim of this book is to collect the contributions of world’s leading experts in quantum like modeling in decision making, psychology, cognition, economics, and finance.
From Electrons To Elephants And Elections
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Author : Shyam Wuppuluri
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2022-04-08
From Electrons To Elephants And Elections written by Shyam Wuppuluri and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-04-08 with Science categories.
This highly interdisciplinary book, covering more than six fields, from philosophy and sciences all the way up to the humanities and with contributions from eminent authors, addresses the interplay between content and context, reductionism and holism and their meeting point: the notion of emergence. Much of today’s science is reductionist (bottom-up); in other words, behaviour on one level is explained by reducing it to components on a lower level. Chemistry is reduced to atoms, ecosystems are explained in terms of DNA and proteins, etc. This approach fails quickly since we can’t cannot extrapolate to the properties of atoms solely from Schrödinger's equation, nor figure out protein folding from an amino acid sequence or obtain the phenotype of an organism from its genotype. An alternative approach to this is holism (top-down). Consider an ecosystem or an organism as a whole: seek patterns on the same scale. Model a galaxy not as 400 billion-point masses (stars) but as an object in its own right with its own properties (spiral, elliptic). Or a hurricane as a structured form of moist air and water vapour. Reductionism is largely about content, whereas holistic models are more attuned to context. Reductionism (content) and holism (context) are not opposing philosophies — in fact, they work best in tandem. Join us on a journey to understand the multifaceted dialectic concerning this duo and how they shape the foundations of sciences and humanities, our thoughts and, the very nature of reality itself.
Quantum Interaction
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Author : Jose Acacio de Barros
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2017-01-23
Quantum Interaction written by Jose Acacio de Barros and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-01-23 with Computers categories.
This book constitutes the thoroughly refereed post-conference proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Quantum Interaction, QI 2016, held in San Francisco, CA, USA, in July 2016. The 21 papers presented in this book were carefully reviewed and selected from 39 submissions. The papers address topics such as: Fundamentals; Quantum Cognition; Language and Applications; Contextuality and Foundations of Probability; and Quantum-Like Measurements.
Quantum Models Of Cognition And Decision
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Author : Jerome R. Busemeyer
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2012-07-26
Quantum Models Of Cognition And Decision written by Jerome R. Busemeyer and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-07-26 with Business & Economics categories.
Introduces principles drawn from quantum theory to present a new framework for modeling human cognition and decision.
The Quantum Like Revolution
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Author : Arkady Plotnitsky
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2023-06-27
The Quantum Like Revolution written by Arkady Plotnitsky and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-06-27 with Science categories.
Over the last ten years, elements of the formalism of quantum mechanics have been successfully applied beyond physics in areas such as psychology (especially cognition), economics and finance (especially in the formalization of so-called ‘decision making’), political science, and molecular biology. An important stream of work along these lines, commonly under the heading of quantum-like modeling, has been published in well regarded scientific journals, and major publishers have devoted entire books to the topic. This Festschrift honors a key figure in this field of research: Andrei Khrennikov, who made momentous contributions to it and to quantum foundations themselves. While honoring these contributions, and in order to do so, this Festschrift orients its reader toward the future rather than focusing on the past: it addresses future challenges and establishes the way forward in both domains, quantum-like modeling and quantum foundations. A while ago, in response to the developments of using the quantum formalism outside of quantum mechanics, the eminent quantum physicist Anton Zeilinger said, ‘Why should it be precisely the quantum mechanics formalism? Maybe its generalization would be more adequate...’ This volume responds to this statement by both showing the reasons for the continuing importance of quantum formalism and yet also considering pathways to such generalizations. Khrennikov’s work has been indispensable in establishing the great promise of quantum and quantum-like thinking in shaping the future of scientific research across the disciplines.
Quantum Structures In Cognitive And Social Science
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Author : Diederik Aerts
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2016-06-26
Quantum Structures In Cognitive And Social Science written by Diederik Aerts and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-06-26 with Psychology categories.
Traditional approaches to cognitive psychology correspond with a classical view of logic and probability theory. More specifically, one typically assumes that cognitive processes of human thought are founded on the Boolean structures of classical logic, while the probabilistic aspects of these processes are based on the Kolmogorovian structures of classical probability theory. However, growing experimental evidence indicates that the models founded on classical structures systematically fail when human decisions are at stake. These experimental deviations from classical behavior have been called `paradoxes’, `fallacies’, `effects’ or `contradictions’, depending on the specific situation where they appear. But, they involve a broad spectrum of cognitive and social science domains, ranging from conceptual combination to decision making under uncertainty, behavioral economics, and linguistics. This situation has constituted a serious drawback to the development of various disciplines, like cognitive science, linguistics, artificial intelligence, economic modeling and behavioral finance. A different approach to cognitive psychology, initiated two decades ago, has meanwhile matured into a new domain of research, called ‘quantum cognition’. Its main feature is the use of the mathematical formalism of quantum theory as modeling tool for these cognitive situations where traditional classically based approaches fail. Quantum cognition has recently attracted the interest of important journals and editing houses, academic and funding institutions, popular science and media. Specifically, within a quantum cognition approach, one assumes that human decisions do not necessarily obey the rules of Boolean logic and Kolmogorovian probability, and can on the contrary be modeled by the quantum-mechanical formalism. Different concrete quantum-theoretic models have meanwhile been developed that successfully represent the cognitive situations that are classically problematical, by explaining observed deviations from classicality in terms of genuine quantum effects, such as `contextuality’, `emergence’, `interference’, `superposition’, `entanglement’ and `indistinguishability’. In addition, the validity of these quantum models is convincingly confirmed by new experimental tests. We also stress that, since the use of a quantum-theoretic framework is mainly for modeling purposes, the identification of quantum structures in cognitive processes does not presuppose (without being incompatible with it) the existence of microscopic quantum processes in the human brain. In this Research Topic, we review the major achievements that have been obtained in quantum cognition, by providing an accurate picture of the state-of-the-art of this emerging discipline. Our overview does not pretend to be either complete or exhaustive. But, we aim to introduce psychologists and social scientists to this challenging new research area, encouraging them, at the same time, to consider its promising results. It is our opinion that, if continuous progress in this domain can be realized, quantum cognition can constitute an important breakthrough in cognitive psychology, and potentially open the way towards a new scientific paradigm in social science.