Continent Formation Through Time
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Continent Formation Through Time
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Author : N.M.W. Roberts
language : en
Publisher: Geological Society of London
Release Date : 2015-02-16
Continent Formation Through Time written by N.M.W. Roberts and has been published by Geological Society of London this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-02-16 with Science categories.
The continental crust is our archive of Earth history, and the store of many natural resources; however, many key questions about its formation and evolution remain debated and unresolved: What processed are involved in the formation, differentiation and evolution of continental crust, and how have these changed throughout Earth history?How are plate tectonics, the supercontinent cycle and mantle cooling linked with crustal evolution?What are the rates of generation and destruction of the continental crust through time?How representative is the preserved geological record? A range of approaches are used to address these questions, including field-based studies, petrology and geochemistry, geophysical methods, palaeomagnetism, whole-rock and accessory-phase isotope chemistry and geochronology. Case studies range from the Eoarchaean to Phanerozoic, and cover many different cratons and orogenic belts from across the continents.
Arc Continent Collision
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Author : Dennis Brown
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2011-06-29
Arc Continent Collision written by Dennis Brown and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011-06-29 with Science categories.
Arc-continent collision has been one of the important tectonic processes in the formation of mountain belts throughout geological time, and it continues to be so today along tectonically active plate boundaries such as those in the SW Pacific or the Caribbean. Arc-continent collision is thought to have been one of the most important process involved in the growth of the continental crust over geological time, and may also play an important role in its recycling back into the mantle via subduction. Understanding the geological processes that take place during arc-continent collision is therefore of importance for our understanding of how collisional orogens evolve and how the continental crust grows or is destroyed. Furthermore, zones of arc-continent collision are producers of much of the worlds primary economic wealth in the form of minerals, so understanding the processes that take place during these tectonic events is of importance in modeling how this mineral wealth is formed and preserved. This book brings together seventeen papers that are dedicated to the investigation of the tectonic processes that take place during arc-continent collision. It is divided into four sections that deal firstly with the main players involved in any arc-continent collision; the continental margin, the subduction zone, and finally the volcanic arc and its mineral deposits. The second section presents eight examples of arc-continent collisions that range from being currently active through to Palaeoproterozoic in age. The third section contains two papers, one that deals with the obduction of large-slab ophiolites and a second that presents a wide range of physical models of arc-continent collision. The fourth section brings everything that comes before together into a discussion of the processes of arc-continent collision.
Continents And Supercontinents
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Author : John J. W. Rogers
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2004-09-16
Continents And Supercontinents written by John J. W. Rogers and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2004-09-16 with Science categories.
To this day, there is a great amount of controversy about where, when and how the so-called supercontinents--Pangea, Godwana, Rodinia, and Columbia--were made and broken. Continents and Supercontinents frames that controversy by giving all the necessary background on how continental crust is formed, modified, and destroyed, and what forces move plates. It also discusses how these processes affect the composition of seawater, climate, and the evolution of life. Rogers and Santosh begin with a survey of plate tectonics, and go on to describe the composition, production, and destruction of continental and oceanic crust, and show that cratons or assemblies of cratons became the first true continents, approximately one billion years after the earliest continental crust evolved. The middle part of the book concentrates on supercontinents, beginning with a discussion of types of orogenic belts, distinguishing those that formed by closure of an ocean basin within the belt and those that formed by intracontinental deformation caused by stresses generated elsewhere. This information permits discrimination between models of supercontinent formation by accretion of numerous small terranes and by reorganization of large old continental blocks. This background leads to a description of the assembly and fragmentation of supercontinents throughout earth history. The record is most difficult to interpret for the oldest supercontinent, Columbia, and also controversial for Rodinia, the next youngest supercontinent. The configurations and pattern of breakup of Gondwana and Pangea are well known, but some aspects of their assembly are unclear. The book also briefly describes the histories of continents after the breakup of Pangea, and discusses how changes in the composition of seawater, climate, and life may have been affected by the sizes and locations of continents and supercontinents.
The Origin Of Continents And Oceans
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Author : Alfred Wegener
language : en
Publisher: Courier Corporation
Release Date : 1966-01-01
The Origin Of Continents And Oceans written by Alfred Wegener and has been published by Courier Corporation this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1966-01-01 with Science categories.
In 1915 Alfred Wegener's seminal work describing the continental drift was first published in German. Wegener explained various phenomena of historical geology, geomorphy, paleontology, paleoclimatology, and similar areas in terms of continental drift. This edition includes new data to support his theories, helping to refute the opponents of his controversial views. 64 illustrations.
The Evolving Continents
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Author : Timothy M. Kusky
language : en
Publisher: Geological Society of London
Release Date : 2010
The Evolving Continents written by Timothy M. Kusky and has been published by Geological Society of London this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010 with Continental crust categories.
This volume honours the career of Brian F. Windley, who has been hugely influential in helping to achieve our current understanding of the evolution of the continental crust, and who has inspired many students and scientists to pursue studies on the evolution of the continents. Brian has studied processes of continental formation and evolution on most continents and of all ages, and has educated and inspired two generations of geologists to undertake careers in studies of continental evolution. The volume is organized into six sections, including: oceanic and island arc systems and continental growth; tectonics of accretionary orogens and continental growth; growth and stabilization of continental crust; collisions and intraplate processes; Precambrian tectonics and the birth of continents; and active tectonics and geomorphology of continental collision and growth zones.
This Dynamic Earth
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Author : W. Jacquelyne Kious
language : en
Publisher: Geological Survey (USGS)
Release Date : 1996
This Dynamic Earth written by W. Jacquelyne Kious and has been published by Geological Survey (USGS) this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1996 with Continental drift categories.
In the early 1960s, the emergence of the theory of plate tectonics started a revolution in the earth sciences. Since then, scientists have verified and refined this theory, and now have a much better understanding of how our planet has been shaped by plate-tectonic processes. We now know that, directly or indirectly, plate tectonics influences nearly all geologic processes, past and present. Indeed, the notion that the entire Earth's surface is continually shifting has profoundly changed the way we view our world.
The Formation And Evolution Of Africa
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Author : Douwe J. J. van Hinsbergen
language : en
Publisher: Geological Society of London
Release Date : 2011
The Formation And Evolution Of Africa written by Douwe J. J. van Hinsbergen and has been published by Geological Society of London this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011 with Africa categories.
The African continent preserves a long geological record that covers almost 75% of Earth's history. The Pan-African orogeny (c. 600-500 Ma) brought together old continental kernels (West Africa, Congo, Kalahari and Tanzania) to form Gondwana and subsequently the supercontinent Pangaea by the late Palaeozoic. The break-up of Pangaea since the Jurassic and Cretaceous, primarily through opening of the Central Atlantic, Indian, and South Atlantic oceans, in combination with the complicated subduction history to the north, gradually shaped the African continent. This volume contains 18 contributions that discuss the geology of Africa from the Archaean to the present day.
Ancient Supercontinents And The Paleogeography Of Earth
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Author : Lauri J. J Pesonen
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier
Release Date : 2021-10-06
Ancient Supercontinents And The Paleogeography Of Earth written by Lauri J. J Pesonen and has been published by Elsevier this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-10-06 with Science categories.
Ancient Supercontinents and the Paleogeography of Earth offers a systematic examination of Precambrian cratons and supercontinents. Through detailed maps of drift histories and paleogeography of each continent, this book examines topics related to Earth’s tectonic evolution prior to Pangea, including plate kinematics, orogenic development, and paleoenvironments. Additionally, this book discusses the methodologies used, principally paleomagnetism and tectonostratigraphy, and addresses geophysical topics of mantle dynamics and geodynamo evolution over billions of years. Structured clearly with consistent coverage for Precambrian cratons, this book combines state-of-the-art paleomagnetic and geochronologic data to reconstruct the paleogeography of the Earth in the context of major climatic events such as global glaciations. It is an ideal, up-to-date reference for geoscientists and geographers looking for answers to questions surrounding the tectonic evolution of Earth. Provides robust paleogeographies of Precambrian cratons based on high-quality paleomagnetic and geochronologic data and critically tested by global geological datasets Includes links to updated databases for the Precambrian such as PALEOMAGIA and the Global Paleomagnetic Database (GPMDB) Presents full-color maps of the drift histories of each continent as well as their paleogeographies Discusses key questions regarding continental drift, the supercontinent cycle, and the geomagnetic dipole hypothesis and analyzes palaeography in the context of Earth’s holistic evolution
The Origin Of Continents And Oceans
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Author : Alfred Wegener
language : en
Publisher: Courier Dover Publications
Release Date : 1966
The Origin Of Continents And Oceans written by Alfred Wegener and has been published by Courier Dover Publications this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1966 with Continental drift categories.
Understanding Earth
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Author : Frank Press
language : en
Publisher: W.H. Freeman
Release Date : 1999
Understanding Earth written by Frank Press and has been published by W.H. Freeman this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1999 with categories.