Continued Investigation Of Immune Competence In Navy Marine Mammals Implications For Health Viability And Mission Readiness
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Continued Investigation Of Immune Competence In Navy Marine Mammals Implications For Health Viability And Mission Readiness
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2006
Continued Investigation Of Immune Competence In Navy Marine Mammals Implications For Health Viability And Mission Readiness written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2006 with categories.
Deployed Navy dolphins are exposed to infectious agents and pollutants in environments that may compromise their health and system mission. Challenges dolphins experience during deployments include: transport to different time zones, changes in water temperature, contaminated water, varying acoustic levels, and exposure to wild marine mammal populations. These challenges (confinement/restraint, thermal stress, pollutants, and auditory stress) have been shown to cause immunosuppression in other manuals. Our laboratory has developed and is continuing to develop dolphin-specific markers and assays to assess immunocompetence in cetaceans. These markers and assays were used to evaluate sound as a stressor and looked at the effects of sound level and duration on dolphins as part of the "Temporary Threshold Shift" studies conducted by scientists at the Navy. Moreover, developed reagents and assays were used to assess immunocompetence in wild bottlenose dolphins. The neural-immune tests developed and adapted for bottlenose dolphins do show changes in both captive and wild animals depending on stress (e.g. duration of sound exposure), geographic location and disease state. These tests will be useful for monitoring health in both captive and wild dolphins as well as useful in assessing efficacy of vaccines, and the monitoring of the impact of the environment and various stressors on dolphin health.
Investigation Of Immune Function In Naval Marine Mammals
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2000
Investigation Of Immune Function In Naval Marine Mammals written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2000 with categories.
Marine mammals are used and maintained by the US Navy for military operations and research and development. Health maintenance is critical for optimal performance. However, very little is known about the immune system of marine mammals, especially the total aquatic cetaceans (dolphins, whales, and porpoises). This is due in part to obtaining access to animals and tissue samples as well as the lack of cetacean-specific reagents to carry out investigations of the immune system. To this end, we have cloned the gene for whale CD4, a cell surface protein present on T helper lymphocytes and important for the immune response. Whale CD4 shares 64% and 51% identity with the human and mouse protein. It contains unique amino acid substitutions in the highly conserved cytoplasmic domain, contains 7 potential N-linked glycosylation sites, and lacks the cysteine pair in the V2 domain. Bacterial and baculovirus expression systems were used to produce whale CD4 for subsequent injection into mice and/or rabbits for antibody production. Polyclonal antibodies have been used in Western blot analysis and hybridoma supernatants are currently being screened by flow cytometry. The whale-specific CD4 reagents we have generated will be used in health monitoring of Navy dolphins.
Investigation Of Immnune Function In Naval Marine Mammals
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Author : Tracy Romano
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1998
Investigation Of Immnune Function In Naval Marine Mammals written by Tracy Romano and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1998 with categories.
Tremendous progress has been made over the past year in the development of cetacean-specific reagents to investigate immune function in Navy marine mammals. We have focused most of our efforts in studying and developing molecular reagents and antibodies to cD4, a cell surface recognition molecule present on T helper lymphocyte that is critical for the immune response. Previously, we cloned cetacean cD4 from a beluga cDNA library using the polymerase chain reaction and cDNA library screening techniques. To generate antibodies against cetacean CD4, we synthesized peptides to different regions of the molecule and expressed the CD4 protein in a bacteria expression vector, and subsequently, injected coupled peptides or the purified cD4 protein into rabbits. Both sets of antibodies were affinity purified, and characterized by Western blot analysis and flow cytometry. These antibodies recognized beluga and bottlenose dolphin lymphocyte lysates by Western blot analysis, but did not recognize the native form of the cD4 protein on the cell surface by flow cytometry. Immunofluorescence on tissue sections is currently being tested with these antibodies. In addition we have generated and purified antibodies to a variant form of cD4 we found in beluga when cloning the full-length cD4. The significance of this potential splice variant of CD4 in the beluga is currently being investigated with the antibodies we have generated.
Marine Mammals Ashore
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Author : Joseph R. Geraci
language : en
Publisher: National Aquarium in Baltimore
Release Date : 2005
Marine Mammals Ashore written by Joseph R. Geraci and has been published by National Aquarium in Baltimore this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2005 with Marine mammals categories.
Comprehensive manual for understanding and carrying out marine mammal rescue activities for stranded seals, manatees, dolphins, whales, or sea otters.
The Marine Mammal Protection Act Of 1972 As Amended
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Author : United States
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1995
The Marine Mammal Protection Act Of 1972 As Amended written by United States and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1995 with Fishery law and legislation categories.
Global Trends 2040
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Author : National Intelligence Council
language : en
Publisher: Cosimo Reports
Release Date : 2021-03
Global Trends 2040 written by National Intelligence Council and has been published by Cosimo Reports this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-03 with categories.
"The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic marks the most significant, singular global disruption since World War II, with health, economic, political, and security implications that will ripple for years to come." -Global Trends 2040 (2021) Global Trends 2040-A More Contested World (2021), released by the US National Intelligence Council, is the latest report in its series of reports starting in 1997 about megatrends and the world's future. This report, strongly influenced by the COVID-19 pandemic, paints a bleak picture of the future and describes a contested, fragmented and turbulent world. It specifically discusses the four main trends that will shape tomorrow's world: - Demographics-by 2040, 1.4 billion people will be added mostly in Africa and South Asia. - Economics-increased government debt and concentrated economic power will escalate problems for the poor and middleclass. - Climate-a hotter world will increase water, food, and health insecurity. - Technology-the emergence of new technologies could both solve and cause problems for human life. Students of trends, policymakers, entrepreneurs, academics, journalists and anyone eager for a glimpse into the next decades, will find this report, with colored graphs, essential reading.
Dolphins Whales And Porpoises
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Author : Randall R. Reeves
language : en
Publisher: IUCN
Release Date : 2003
Dolphins Whales And Porpoises written by Randall R. Reeves and has been published by IUCN this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2003 with Cetacea categories.
Toxicology Of Marine Mammals
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Author : Joseph G. Vos
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2002-12-05
Toxicology Of Marine Mammals written by Joseph G. Vos and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2002-12-05 with Nature categories.
The activities of modern society have unleashed a range of toxic chemicals into the global environment. Many of these toxicants are now being detected in increasing quantities in the tissues of marine mammals, most notably in top predators who acquire relatively large amounts of toxic chemicals by ingesting contaminated prey. Toxicology of M
Bulletin Of The Atomic Scientists
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1970-06
Bulletin Of The Atomic Scientists written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1970-06 with categories.
The Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists is the premier public resource on scientific and technological developments that impact global security. Founded by Manhattan Project Scientists, the Bulletin's iconic "Doomsday Clock" stimulates solutions for a safer world.
Marine Mammal Welfare
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Author : Andy Butterworth
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2017-06-19
Marine Mammal Welfare written by Andy Butterworth and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-06-19 with Science categories.
Marine mammals attract human interest – sometimes this interest is benign or positive – whale watching, conservation programmes for whales, seals, otters, and efforts to clear beaches of marine debris are seen as proactive steps to support these animals. However, there are many forces operating to affect adversely the lives of whales, seals, manatees, otters and polar bears – and this book explores how the welfare of marine mammals has been affected and how they have adapted, moved, responded and sometimes suffered as a result of the changing marine and human world around them. Marine mammal welfare addresses the welfare effects of marine debris, of human traffic in the oceans, of noise, of hunting, of whale watching and tourism, and of some of the less obvious impacts on marine mammals – on their social structures, on their behaviours and migration, and also of the effects on captivity for animals kept in zoos and aquaria. There is much to think and talk about – how marine mammals respond in a world dramatically influenced by man, how are their social structures affected and how is their welfare impacted?