Copular Clauses And Focus Marking In Sumerian
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Copular Clauses And Focus Marking In Sumerian
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Author : Gábor Zólyomi
language : en
Publisher: Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG
Release Date : 2014-09-05
Copular Clauses And Focus Marking In Sumerian written by Gábor Zólyomi and has been published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-09-05 with Language Arts & Disciplines categories.
This work is the first comprehensive description of Sumerian constructions involving a copula. Using around 400 fully glossed examples, it gives a thorough analysis of all uses of the copula, which is one of the least understood and most frequently misinterpreted and consequently mistranslated morphemes in Sumerian. It starts with a concise introduction into the grammatical structure of Sumerian, followed by a study that is accessible to both linguists and sumerologists, as it applies the terminology of modern descriptive linguistics. It provides the oldest known and documented example of the path of grammaticalization that leads from a copula to a focus marker. It gives the description of Sumerian copular paratactic relative clauses, which make use of an otherwise only scarcely attested relativization strategy. At the end of the book, the reader will have a clear picture about the morphological and syntactic devices used to mark identificational, polarity and sentence focus in Sumerian, one of the oldest documented languages in the world.
The Third Millennium
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Author : Ilya Arkhipov
language : en
Publisher: BRILL
Release Date : 2020-02-03
The Third Millennium written by Ilya Arkhipov and has been published by BRILL this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-02-03 with History categories.
The Festschrift containing 37 contributions celebrates the scholarly achievements of the two outstanding Assyriologists, Walter Sommerfeld (University of Marburg) and Manfred Krebernik (University of Jena). The primary focus of the volume corresponds to the main topics of interests of Professors Sommerfeld and Krebernik – Pre-Sargonic and Sargonic Mesopotamia and third millennium Syria. The volume also features a few contributions dealing with Sumerian language, Mesopotamian literature and the early history of Akkadian and its Semitic background.
Thetics And Categoricals
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Author : Werner Abraham
language : en
Publisher: John Benjamins Publishing Company
Release Date : 2020-07-22
Thetics And Categoricals written by Werner Abraham and has been published by John Benjamins Publishing Company this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-07-22 with Language Arts & Disciplines categories.
Thetics and Categoricals do not belong to the categories of German grammar. Thetics were introduced in logic as impersonal and broad focus constructions. They left profound and extensive traces in the logic of the late 19th century. For the class of thetic propositions, the criterion of textual exclusion plays the major role, i.e. the absence of any common grounds and of any anaphorism and background. In the foreground are sentences with subject inversion, subject suppression and detopicalization. These and only these are suitable for text beginnings, jokes, stage advertisements and solipsistic exclamatives, thus speech acts without communicative goals – free expressives in the true sense of the word. The contributions in this volume not only guide the reader through the history of philosophical logic and distributions of impersonals in contrast to Kantian categorical sentences, but also the correspondences in Japanese and Chinese which, in contrast to German and English, sport specific morphological markers for thetics as opposed to categoricals.
Encoding Metalinguistic Awareness
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Author : E. Cancik-Kirschbaum
language : en
Publisher: PeWe-Verlag
Release Date : 2019-12-31
Encoding Metalinguistic Awareness written by E. Cancik-Kirschbaum and has been published by PeWe-Verlag this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-12-31 with History categories.
The Ancient Near East provides a particularly striking example for the dynamics of knowledge transfer throughout space and time. The civilizations that emerged here, at the dawn of history, attest to continuous processes of exchange, adaption, and negotiation, to the emergence of content and its reconfiguration, to diffusion, disappearance and resurgence of themes, concepts, topics and ideas. In the late fourth millennium the creation and implementation of supraregional notational systems in southern Mesopotamia triggers a cognitive revolution: within a few centuries the use of writing becomes a dominant cultural technique and over the subsequent millennia the technique of wedge-writing spreads throughout southwest Asia. Numerous indigenous cuneiform subcultures came into being in a wide variety of times and places, but these distinct instantiations were held together (and preserved the possibility of common legibility) through shared practices of teaching and learning, a common core of textual materials and, not least, a systematic instrumentarium for representing speech and notation. This repertoire is part of each of these streams of tradition, which characterise the cuneiform cultures as a whole. In light of the centuries of tradition, the great effort that has gone into its construction and maintenance as well as the preservation of original linguistic materials and their translation into more familiar languages, the validity of this scientific tradition, broadly conceived, cannot be disputed. Still, even if the historical processes of transmission within the cuneiform world and the difficulties of translating cuneiform sources into non-cuneiform traditions prevented a general and far-reaching mobilisation of the cuneiform sources as vehicles for scientific reflection, these same factors also ensured its continued survival in Mesopotamia and Syria for not centuries, but rather millennia. One of the most important components of this process was the awareness of practitioners about language, its role for and its impact on the generation of knowledge, and specifically about linguistic patterns. Among the literally innumerable textual artefacts from the ancient Near East, there are some that both explicitly and implicitly encode traces of this distinctively linguistic awareness. It was in pursuit of these traces of (meta)linguistic awareness that the participants in this volume came together.
Proceedings Of The 51st Rencontre Assyriologique Internationale
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Author : Robert D. Biggs
language : en
Publisher: Institute for the Study of Ancient Cultures
Release Date : 2008
Proceedings Of The 51st Rencontre Assyriologique Internationale written by Robert D. Biggs and has been published by Institute for the Study of Ancient Cultures this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008 with History categories.
Selection of papers presented at the 51st meeting of the Rencontre Assyriologique Internationale-International Congress of Assyriology & Near Eastern Archaeology.
Theologie Des Lobens In Sumerischen Hymnen
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Author : Erhard S. Gerstenberger
language : de
Publisher: Mohr Siebeck
Release Date : 2018-07-24
Theologie Des Lobens In Sumerischen Hymnen written by Erhard S. Gerstenberger and has been published by Mohr Siebeck this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-07-24 with Religion categories.
English summary: Sumerian literature of the third and second millennia BC presents, among other genres, a large number of hymnic texts. They mostly originated in cultic worship, celebrating power, prestige, benevolence of deities, kings, temples etc. Erhard S. Gerstenberger starts out with that archaic formulaic shout: "[name] be praised!" = "[dDN] za-mi (cf. biblical allelujah). Thereafter he analyzes various laudatory expressions containing the keyword za-mi. He shows that Sumerian praise is not simply a dutiful expression of awe in the face of supreme authorities. Rather, it signifies an effective transfer of power towards the recipients of eulogy. Enhancing and enlivening laudations thus cannot only be emitted from high to low, they can also proceed from the depths empowering the mighty. The human creature thus partakes in the formation and preservation of earthly affairs assuming his and her full responsibilities in all the mysterious interactions of personal and impersonal forces constantly taking place in nature and history. German description: Die sumerische Literatur des 3. und 2. Jahrtausends v.u.Z. bietet auch zahlreiche hymnische Texte, die uberwiegend der kultischen Tradition entstammen. Sie feiern Macht, Ansehen und Fursorge von Gottheiten, Konigen, Tempeln, usw. Erhard S. Gerstenberger analysiert, ausgehend von dem formelhaften, archaischen Heilsruf: "[Name] sei Preis!" = "[dGN] za-mi" (vergleichbar dem biblischen "Halleluja"), die mannigfachen Aussagen des Lobpreisens (za-mi). Er zeigt, dass es im sumerischen Lob nicht nur um die untertanige, pflichtgemasse Anerkennung von Ubermachten geht, sondern um eine effektive Kraftubertragung von Seiten der Lobenden auf die Rezipienten der Huldigung. Starkendes oder Existenz begrundendes Lob kann also nicht nur von Machttragern ausgehen. Auch das Geschopf Mensch nimmt am Welt gestaltenden, erhaltenden, heilsamen Preisen teil, vor allem durch Bitten und Loben. Es ubernimmt damit seine Verantwortung inmitten der geheimnisvollen Interaktionen aller kosmischen Wirkkrafte personhafter sowie unpersonlicher Art.
Wisdom Of Ancient Sumer
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Author : Bendt Alster
language : en
Publisher: Eisenbrauns
Release Date : 2005
Wisdom Of Ancient Sumer written by Bendt Alster and has been published by Eisenbrauns this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2005 with Foreign Language Study categories.
Discussion of the nature of Sumerian wisdom literature and complete editions of many Sumerian wisdom texts, including the Instructions of Shuruppak, Instructions of Ur-Ninurta, Counsels of Wisdom, Sumerian fables, Nothing Is of Value, Ballade of Early Rulers, and more. This unusual book describes the Sumerian literature and many of their proverbs featured in speeches of wise men of that time.
Universal Grammar In The Reconstruction Of Ancient Languages
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Author : Katalin É. Kiss
language : en
Publisher: Walter de Gruyter
Release Date : 2011-12-22
Universal Grammar In The Reconstruction Of Ancient Languages written by Katalin É. Kiss and has been published by Walter de Gruyter this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011-12-22 with Language Arts & Disciplines categories.
Philologists aiming to reconstruct the grammar of ancient languages face the problem that the available data always underdetermine grammar, and in the case of gaps, possible mistakes, and idiosyncracies there are no native speakers to consult. The authors of this volume overcome this difficulty by adopting the methodology that a child uses in the course of language acquisition: they interpret the data they have access to in terms of Universal Grammar (more precisely, in terms of a hypothetical model of UG). Their studies, discussing syntactic and morphosyntactic questions of Older Egyptian, Coptic, Sumerian, Akkadian, Biblical Hebrew, Classical Greek, Latin, and Classical Sanskrit, demonstrate that descriptive problems which have proved unsolvable for the traditional, inductive approach can be reduced to the interaction of regular operations and constraints of UG. The proposed analyses also bear on linguistic theory. They provide crucial new data and new generalizations concerning such basic questions of generative syntax as discourse-motivated movement operations, the correlation of movement and agreement, a shift from lexical case marking to structural case marking, the licensing of structural case in infinitival constructions, the structure of coordinate phrases, possessive constructions with an external possessor, and the role of event structure in syntax. In addition to confirming or refuting certain specific hypotheses, they also provide empirical evidence of the perhaps most basic tenet of generative theory, according to which UG is part of the genetic endowment of the human species - i.e., human languages do not "develop" parallel with the development of human civilization. Some of the languages examined in this volume were spoken as much as 5000 years old, still their grammars do not differ in any relevant respect from the grammars of languages spoken today.
The Grammar Of Perspective
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Author : Christopher Woods
language : en
Publisher: BRILL
Release Date : 2008-01-01
The Grammar Of Perspective written by Christopher Woods and has been published by BRILL this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008-01-01 with History categories.
The so-called Sumerian conjugation prefixes are the most poorly understood and perplexing elements of Sumerian verbal morphology. Approaching the problem from a functional-typological perspective and basing the analysis upon semantics, Professor Woods argues that these elements, in their primary function, constitute a system of grammatical voice, in which the active voice is set against the middle voice. The latter is represented by heavy and light markers that differ with respect to focus and emphasis. As a system of grammatical voice, the conjugation prefixes provided Sumerian speakers with a linguistic means of altering the perspective from which events may be viewed, giving speakers a series of options for better approximating in language the infinitely graded spectrum of human conceptualization and experience.
An Introduction To The Grammar Of Sumerian
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Author : Gábor Zólyomi
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2017
An Introduction To The Grammar Of Sumerian written by Gábor Zólyomi and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017 with Sumerian language categories.
This textbook provides an introduction to the grammar of Sumerian, one of the oldest documented languages in the world. It not only synthesizes the results of recent scholarship but introduces original insights on many important questions. The book is designed to appeal to readers of all backgrounds, including those with no prior background in Sumerian or cuneiform writing.It is written for undergraduate students and structured for a semester-long course: the order of the topics is determined by didactic considerations, with the focus on syntactic analysis and evidence. It explains the functioning of Sumerian grammar in 16 lessons, illustrated with more than 500 fully glossed examples. Each lesson ends with a series of tasks; a solution key to selected exercises can be found at the end of the volume. Above all, this is the first Sumerian textbook that introduces and utilizes the online assyriological resources available on the internet. An Introduction to the Grammar of Sumerian has been written on the assumption that after decades of grammatical research it has become possible now to teach a general framework of Sumerian grammar that may function as the basis of further, more intensive and elaborate studies.