Corps Level Operational Art In Vietnam
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Corps Level Operational Art In Vietnam
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Author : United States Army Command and General S
language : en
Publisher: CreateSpace
Release Date : 2014-11-12
Corps Level Operational Art In Vietnam written by United States Army Command and General S and has been published by CreateSpace this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-11-12 with categories.
This book explores two major U.S. operations and the reaction to one enemy offensive, in order to explore evidence of U.S. operational art in Vietnam. For the purpose of this study, the operational level is identified as the corps headquarters responsible for nesting Military Assistance Command-Vietnam's ( MACV) military guidance, the strategic direction issued by the Joint Chiefs of Staff, and the national government's aims with the tactical maneuver of subordinate divisions and battalions. During the Vietnam War, the Field Force served as the equivalent of the corps headquarters. The three case studies analyzed are all drawn from II Field Force during the period 1967 to 1971. These case studies are OPERATION CEDAR FALLS/ JUNCTION CITY (1967), the 1970 U.S. incursion into Cambodia under OPERATION TOAN THANG, and II Field Force's reaction to the Tet offensive (1968). Through the analysis of the case studies, the question of operational art existing at the corps level during the Vietnam War is addressed, as is the identification of successful or unsuccessful leadership and staff practices faced in an asymmetric conflict.
General Lewis Walt
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Author : School of Advanced Military Studies
language : en
Publisher: CreateSpace
Release Date : 2014-10-10
General Lewis Walt written by School of Advanced Military Studies and has been published by CreateSpace this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-10-10 with History categories.
This book utilizes select elements of operational art from ADRP 3-0 to examine how General Lewis Walt employed operational art as the III Marine Amphibious Force (III MAF) commander in Vietnam from June 1965-June 1967. This book addresses a significant shortfall in literature focused on Corps-level operational commanders during the Vietnam War. In combat, III MAF faced a hybrid threat of North Vietnamese regular forces and entrenched Viet Cong main force and guerrilla units. Apart from the significant challenges of combat operations, General Walt found himself confronted by vague and restricting U.S. policy, ineffective U.S. and South Vietnamese civilian and governmental agencies, a complex South Vietnamese civilian and military operating environment, and competing warfighting strategies and interservice rivalries between his U.S. Army combat chain-of-command and internal Marine Corps leadership. Despite these challenges, Walt developed and executed an effective operational approach which addressed substantial enemy threats while supporting the government of South Vietnam and its military forces.
General Lewis Walt Operational Art In Vietnam 1965 1967
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Author : Major Jeremy G. Swenddal
language : en
Publisher: Pickle Partners Publishing
Release Date : 2015-11-06
General Lewis Walt Operational Art In Vietnam 1965 1967 written by Major Jeremy G. Swenddal and has been published by Pickle Partners Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-11-06 with History categories.
This study investigates the significant effect of mobility, counter-mobility, survivability, and topographic engineering on the American Civil War Campaign of Chancellorsville. The operations occurred near Fredericksburg, Virginia, in April and May of 1863. In the battle, the Confederate Army of Northern Virginia decisively defeated the Union Army of the Potomac. Engineer-related considerations contributed immensely to the Confederate victory. Engineer battlefield functions influenced the operations of both armies. The Union Engineer Brigade constructed numerous pontoon bridges to overcome the river obstacles prior to and following the battle. This capability allowed the Union Army to initially surprise and envelop the Confederate Army. The natural obstacles of the rivers and forests and manmade obstacles of abatis hindered maneuver. Survivability was a significant factor during the fighting. At Chancellorsville, the Confederates used entrenchments for the first time in open operations. This strengthened their economy of force in front of the Union Army and gave “Stonewall” Jackson mass during his successful enveloping attack. Finally, topographic engineering was important through map production and reconnaissance by engineers. This study concludes that the Confederate Army integrated the engineer battlefield functions more effectively than the Union Army. In part, this explains the decisive Confederate victory.
The Fall Of South Vietnam An Analysis Of The Campaigns
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Author : Major Gregory Heritage
language : en
Publisher: Pickle Partners Publishing
Release Date : 2015-11-06
The Fall Of South Vietnam An Analysis Of The Campaigns written by Major Gregory Heritage and has been published by Pickle Partners Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-11-06 with History categories.
This monograph addresses what operational level military factors enabled the North Vietnamese Army to defeat the former South Vietnamese Army during the Vietnam War’s final campaigns of 1975. The Vietnam War covered the full spectrum of conflict from terrorism, to guerrilla warfare, to a conventional war of maneuver. The final North Vietnamese offensive that defeated the South Vietnamese Army were conventional campaigns that provide opportunities for operational level planners to learn from the Vietnam experience. The methodology followed in the monograph involves first establishing a basis of information on the strategic situation and the final campaigns, and then analyzing the campaigns with Cohen and Gooch’s model of military misfortune. The communists began their final offensive campaigns in December, 1974 by seizing Phuoc Long Province. In March, 1975, they continued their offensive campaigns by conducting diversionary attacks in the north threatening Pleiku and then attacking the lightly defended South Vietnamese rear area. The Communists quickly captured the Central Highlands and then raced to the sea to divide the South Vietnamese Army (ARVN). The communists blocked the South Vietnamese attempt to retrograde from the Central Highlands and destroyed the ARVN II Corps. The communists then concentrated combat power to destroy the South Vietnamese six divisions isolated in the north. After destroying these divisions, the communist seized Saigon which ended the war. The South Vietnamese suffered a catastrophic failure and lost the war because of their inability to learn, anticipate, and adapt. The South Vietnamese, failing to learn the basics of operational art, tried to defend the entire country through corps area defenses. Thus, they never defended in depth or concentrated combat power to defeat their adversary’s main effort.
Combined Action Platoons In The Vietnam War
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Author : Major Ian J. Townsend
language : en
Publisher: Pickle Partners Publishing
Release Date : 2015-11-06
Combined Action Platoons In The Vietnam War written by Major Ian J. Townsend and has been published by Pickle Partners Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-11-06 with History categories.
In Vietnam, the III Marine Amphibious Force used Combined Action Platoons (CAPs) as one part of its operational level counterinsurgency campaign. These platoons provided security assistance to the South Vietnamese Popular Forces and civic action to the village based population. To measure the operational effectiveness and the current relevancy of this specific type of combined action their activities are evaluated against current Army counterinsurgency doctrine. This monograph demonstrates the value of the CAPs as one element in the context of a counterinsurgency campaign, and how this form of combined action may serve as a tool for Army commanders conducting operational art in future. Independent operations are not the future of American warfare in the 21st Century. Contemporary thought about the future of American warfare is that the “conventional forces of the United States Army will have an enduring requirement to build the security forces and security ministries of other countries.” Some form of combined action will be a required in American military operations for the foreseeable future. Given this truth, CAPs provide a practical historical example of a combined action technique that can serve as a tool for the future.
How The North Vietnamese Won The War Operational Art Bends But Does Not Break In Response To Asymmetry
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Author : Major Dale S. Ringler
language : en
Publisher: Pickle Partners Publishing
Release Date : 2015-11-06
How The North Vietnamese Won The War Operational Art Bends But Does Not Break In Response To Asymmetry written by Major Dale S. Ringler and has been published by Pickle Partners Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-11-06 with History categories.
This monograph analyzes the effectiveness of operational campaign design against an asymmetrical threat during the 1968 Tet Offensive. The focus is on conceptual elements of campaign design that are derived from theory, which incorporate the particulars of military history to the general truth of warfare. Effective campaign execution is dependent, in part, on effective campaign design that set of theoretical and doctrinal precepts that define the concerns of the operational planner. The monograph identifies lessons learned from this period that are applicable to current U.S. Joint and Army doctrine as well as lessons for planners and executors of U.S. military action under the American system of civilian control of the military. First, the monograph demonstrated the complex nature of asymmetric warfare. Finding and creating vulnerabilities and attacking those vulnerabilities with inherent strengths is the key to asymmetric warfare. Secondly, the monograph discussed the elements of campaign design that are derived from theory, which incorporate the particulars of military history to the general truth of warfare. Some of the more common conceptual actions are to understand the type and scope of conflict, define the enemy and friendly center of gravity, identify possible culminating points, select lines of operation, determine decisive points, and understanding the dangers of paralysis commonly known as cyber shock. The third section identifies the strategy and identifies particular military objectives identified by the North Vietnamese.
Professional Knowledge Gained From Operational Experience In Vietnam 1965 1966
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Author : U. S. Marine Corps
language : en
Publisher: www.Militarybookshop.CompanyUK
Release Date : 2011-01-01
Professional Knowledge Gained From Operational Experience In Vietnam 1965 1966 written by U. S. Marine Corps and has been published by www.Militarybookshop.CompanyUK this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011-01-01 with History categories.
Accounts of warfare often deal with the big picture the strategy, battle plans, and operations that constitute the standard military narrative. Less well documented is the gritty daily grind of the foot soldier, replete with dirt, mud, and sometimes blood. Veterans never forget these details, which all too often are missing from the history books. "Professional Knowledge Gained from Operational Experience in Vietnam 1965 1966," compiled by the U.S. Marine Corps, vividly conjures up the intense daily interaction of U.S. troops and those of the National Front for the Liberation of South Vietnam (NLF) or, as they are referred to throughout this book, the Viet Cong (VC). This fascinating guide book is drawn not only from the experience of the Marine Corps but also that of the U.S. Army, Navy, and Air Force and South Vietnamese armed forces. It provides detailed information on combating the guerrilla warfare tactics of the NLF, including extensive discussion and diagrams on tunnel warfare, the use of CS (tear) gas to clear them, interdiction of villages suspected of harboring guerrillas, and rear area patrolling. A particularly interesting section describes and illustrates the wide variety of NLF grenades and mines, many of them constructed from scrap or empty U.S. shell casings, which jeopardized American troops on land and water. It also provides detailed information on American military logistics, communications, and medicine at the unit level. "Professional Knowledge Gained from Operational Experience in Vietnam 1965 1966" provides a unique perspective on a crucial stage of America 's war in Vietnam. Historians, military officers, and anyone interested in the sinews and soul of infantry warfare will find it compelling reading.
General Creighton Abrams Conduct Of Design In Operational Art During The Vietnam War Command Of Military Assistance Command Vietnam Macv Vietnamization Counterinsurgency Tet Offensive
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Author : U. S. Military
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2017-12-03
General Creighton Abrams Conduct Of Design In Operational Art During The Vietnam War Command Of Military Assistance Command Vietnam Macv Vietnamization Counterinsurgency Tet Offensive written by U. S. Military and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-12-03 with categories.
General Abrams presents a sound historical example of the practical application of operational art as viewed through the lens of the Army Design Methodology. When General Abrams' assumed command of Military Assistance Command Vietnam (MACV), he was able to frame his environment enabling him to enact measures to solve the correct problem which was, how to equip and train the ARVN while simultaneously focusing on population centric efforts in counterinsurgency-ultimately eliminating the need for U.S. presence in Vietnam. Under his authority, American forces were broken up into small units that would live with and train the South Vietnamese civilians to defend their villages from guerrilla or conventional Northern incursions. Not only did he successfully frame the problem in 1968 but he was able to re-frame in 1970 in accordance with the Nixon administration's abrupt announcement of a rapid withdrawal of forces from Vietnam. These efforts proved successful as evidenced by the ability of ARVN forces to repel a full-scale NVA Easter Offensive in 1972. This study validates the Army Design Methodology as a framework for the assessment operational art. Section I - Background * Section II - Abrams Takes Over: MACV from 1968 to 1970 * Section III - Vietnamization: A Reframing Moment * Section IV - MACV from 1970 to 1972: Proof of Principle The Vietnam War represents a prime example of how tactical actions, when not properly linked to strategic and political objectives, can have little to no effect on the success of any military endeavor. The undertakings of the civilian and military leadership in the early years of the war demonstrated the negative effects of non-existent operational art as evidenced by the state of affairs following the Tet Offensive in 1968. Operational art requires leaders that demonstrate a sound awareness and understanding of their environment as well as the ability to synchronize tactical assets and activities, in time and space, to achieve a strategic endstate. General Creighton Abrams and his performance as the commander of Military Assistance Command Vietnam (MACV) from 1968 until his ascendance to Chief of Staff of the Army in 1972 was an example of successful execution of operational art. An important aspect of operational art is the application of critical and creative thinking to understand, visualize, and describe complex, ill-structured problems and develop approaches to solve them. This application is referred to, in the current Army lexicon, as the Army Design Methodology. While there is debate as to what a complex and ill-structured problem is, very few could argue against General Abrams' predicament when he assumed command of MACV in 1968 as such. He inherited an awkward chain of command, lack of unified operational control over South Vietnamese and other allied forces, severe geographical and procedural restrictions on the conduct of war and greatly diminished domestic support. Included in this complexity was the overarching problem of how to conduct operations to set strategic conditions for the deterrence of communist North Vietnamese influence in South Vietnam3 General Abrams' situation in 1968 definitely required the aforementioned aspect of operational art as defined in the Army Design Methodology.
The Operational Art
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Author : Bloomsbury Publishing
language : en
Publisher: Bloomsbury Publishing USA
Release Date : 1996-09-24
The Operational Art written by Bloomsbury Publishing and has been published by Bloomsbury Publishing USA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1996-09-24 with History categories.
This work considers the modern antecedants and evolution of the operational art in military thought and practice in both peace and wartime. This theme is developed over time and across military cultures. A comparative framework allows the treatment of the overall theme by examining the concept of the operational art in the context of different nationalities, different military organizations, and different societies. This study situates the current operational art in its historical context.
Clausewitz And America
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Author : Stuart Kinross
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2009-10-16
Clausewitz And America written by Stuart Kinross and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009-10-16 with History categories.
This book demonstrates how Clausewitzian thought influenced American strategic thinking between the Vietnam War and the current conflict in Iraq. Carl von Clausewitz's thought played a part in the process of military reform and the transition in US policy that took place after the Vietnam War. By the time of the 1991 Gulf War, American policy makers demonstrated that they understood the Clausewitzian notion of utilizing military force to fulfil a clear political objective. The US armed forces bridged the operational and strategic levels during that conflict in accordance with Clausewitz’s conviction that war plans should be tailored to fulfil a political objective. With the end of the Cold War, and an increasing predilection for technological solutions, American policy makers and the military moved away from Clausewitz. It was only the events of 11 September 2001 that reminded Americans of his intrinsic value. However, while many aspects of the ‘War on Terror’ and the conflict in Iraq can be accommodated within the Clausewitzian paradigm, the lack of a clear policy for countering insurgency in Iraq suggests that the US may have returned full circle to the flawed strategic approach evident in Vietnam. Clausewitz and America will be of great interest to students of strategy, military history, international security and US politics.