Costs And Benefits Of Development Of Science And Scientific Research
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Costs And Benefits Of Development Of Science And Scientific Research
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1981
Costs And Benefits Of Development Of Science And Scientific Research written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1981 with Education categories.
Costs And Benefits Of Development Of Science And Scientific Research
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1981
Costs And Benefits Of Development Of Science And Scientific Research written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1981 with categories.
Place Based Productivity And Costs In Science
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Author : Jonathan Gruber
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2022
Place Based Productivity And Costs In Science written by Jonathan Gruber and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022 with categories.
Cities with a larger concentration of scientists have been shown to be more productive places for additional scientists to do Research and Development. At the same time, these urban areas tend to be associated with higher costs of doing research, in terms of both wages and land. While the literature on the benefits of agglomeration economies is extensive, it offers no direct evidence of how productivity gains from agglomeration compare with higher costs of production. This paper aims to shed light on the balance between local productivity and local costs in science. Using a novel dataset, we estimate place-based costs of carrying out R&D in each US metro area and assess how these place-based costs vary with the density of scientists in each area. We then compare these costs with estimates of the corresponding productivity benefits of more scientist density from Moretti (2021). Adding more scientists to a city increases both productivity and production costs, but the rise in productivity is larger than the rise in production costs. In particular, each 10% rise in the stock of scientists is associated with a 0.11% rise in costs and a 0.67% rise in productivity. This implies that firms moving from cities with a small agglomeration of scientists to cities with a large agglomeration of scientists experience productivity gains that are 6 times larger than the increase in production costs. This finding is consistent with the increased concentration of R&D activity observed over the past 30 years. However, while the productivity estimate has only modest non-linearities, the cost estimates suggest much larger non-linearities as the concentration of scientists increases. For the most concentrated R&D cities, the difference between productivity gains and cost increases is close to zero.
Scientific Research And Development In Colleges And Universities
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Author : National Science Foundation (U.S.)
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1959
Scientific Research And Development In Colleges And Universities written by National Science Foundation (U.S.) and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1959 with Research grants categories.
The Economics Of Big Science
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Author : Hans Peter Beck
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2020-10-29
The Economics Of Big Science written by Hans Peter Beck and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-10-29 with Science categories.
The essays in this open access volume identify the key ingredients for success in capitalizing on public investments in scientific projects and the development of large-scale research infrastructures. Investment in science – whether in education and training or through public funding for developing new research tools and technologies – is a crucial priority. Authors from big research laboratories/organizations, funding agencies and academia discuss how investing in science can produce societal benefits as well as identifying future challenges for scientists and policy makers. The volume cites different ways to assess the socio-economic impact of Research Infrastructures and their role as hubs of global collaboration, creativity and innovation. It highlights the different benefits stemming from fundamental research at the local, national and global level, while also inviting us to rethink the notion of “benefit” in the 21st century. Public investment is required to maintain the pace of technological and scientific advancements over the next decades. Far from advocating a radical transformation and massive expansion in funding, the authors suggest ways for maintaining a strong foundation of science and research to ensure that we continue to benefit from the outputs. The volume draws inspiration from the first “Economics of Big Science” workshop, held in Brussels in 2019 with the aim of creating a new space for dialogue and interaction between representatives of Big Science organizations, policy makers and academia. It aspires to provide useful reading for policy makers, scientists and students of science, who are increasingly called upon to explain the value of fundamental research and adopt the language and logic of economics when engaging in policy discussions.
Scientific Research And Development In Colleges And Universities
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Author : National Science Foundation (U.S.). Office of Economic and Manpower Studies
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1963
Scientific Research And Development In Colleges And Universities written by National Science Foundation (U.S.). Office of Economic and Manpower Studies and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1963 with Research categories.
Investing In Science
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Author : Massimo Florio
language : en
Publisher: MIT Press
Release Date : 2019-10-15
Investing In Science written by Massimo Florio and has been published by MIT Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-10-15 with Science categories.
A proposal for using cost-benefit analysis to evaluate the socioeconomic impact of public investment in large scientific projects. Large particle accelerators, outer space probes, genomics platforms: all are scientific enterprises managed through the new form of the research infrastructure, in which communities of scientists collaborate across nations, universities, research institutions, and disciplines. Such large projects are often publicly funded, with no accepted way to measure the benefits to society of these investments. In this book, Massimo Florio suggests the use of cost-benefit analysis (CBA) to evaluate the socioeconomic impact of public investment in large and costly scientific projects. The core concept of CBA of any infrastructure is to undertake the consistent intertemporal accounting of social welfare effects using the available information. Florio develops a simple framework for such accounting in the research infrastructure context and then offers a systematic analysis of the benefits in terms of the social agents involved. He measures the benefits to scientists, students, and postdoctoral researchers; the effect on firms of knowledge spillovers; the benefits to users of information technology and science-based innovation; the welfare effects on the general public of cultural services provided by RIs; and the willingness of taxpayers to fund scientific knowledge creation. Finally, Florio shows how these costs and benefits can be expressed in the form of stochastic net present value and other summary indicators.
The Economics Of Research And Technology
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Author : Keith Norris
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2018-04-09
The Economics Of Research And Technology written by Keith Norris and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-04-09 with Business & Economics categories.
Originally published in 1973 this book applies economic analysis to scientific research and to industrial reserch and development and analyses the interactions between these activities and economic activities in general. The book begins by looking at the relationships between science and technology and then: Analyses research and development in manufacturing industry Explains the different levels of expenditure in research and development in different industries and the role of such expenditure in the growth of firms Looks at the distribution of science and technology expenditure Discusses the international transfer of technology The book draws on evidence from several fields of study and imposes a theme upon the variety of evidence.
Selected Readings On Research And Development Expenditures And The National Economy
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Author : United States. Congress. House. Committee on Science and Technology. Subcommittee on Domestic and International Scientific Planning and Analysis
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1976
Selected Readings On Research And Development Expenditures And The National Economy written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Science and Technology. Subcommittee on Domestic and International Scientific Planning and Analysis and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1976 with Research categories.
Scientific Research And Development In Colleges And Universities Expenditures And Manpower
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Author : National Science Foundation (U.S.)
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1953
Scientific Research And Development In Colleges And Universities Expenditures And Manpower written by National Science Foundation (U.S.) and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1953 with categories.