Cotton Policies And The Economic Welfare Of Cotton Producers
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Cotton Policies And The Economic Welfare Of Cotton Producers
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Author : John Earle Pearson
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1956
Cotton Policies And The Economic Welfare Of Cotton Producers written by John Earle Pearson and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1956 with Agriculture and state categories.
The World Trade Organization S Doha Cotton Initiative
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Author : Kym Anderson
language : en
Publisher: World Bank Publications
Release Date : 2006
The World Trade Organization S Doha Cotton Initiative written by Kym Anderson and has been published by World Bank Publications this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2006 with Cotton trade categories.
Four West African nations have demanded that the World Trade Organization's Doha Development Agenda include a Cotton Initiative that involves two issues: cutting cotton subsidies and tariffs, and assisting farm productivity growth in Africa. The authors provide estimates of the potential economic impacts of (1) complete or partial removal of cotton subsidies and import tariffs globally, and (2) cotton productivity growth through the adoption of genetically modified (GM) cotton varieties. They use the latest version of the GTAP database and model. Their results confirm that-unlike for other agricultural subsidies and tariffs-for cotton it is subsidy reductions rather than tariff cuts that would make by far the largest impact. For Sub-Saharan Africa the potential gains are huge relative to the effects on that region of reforming other merchandise trade policies. And they could be more than doubled if that reform provided the cash for farmers to take advantage of the biotechnology revolution and adopt GM cotton varieties. But those potential gains, and the affordability of switching to costly GM seed, depend crucially on the extent to which high-income countries are willing to lower domestic support to their cotton farmers.
The Cotton Industry
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Author : Matthew Brown Hammond
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1897
The Cotton Industry written by Matthew Brown Hammond and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1897 with Cotton growing categories.
Us Brazilian Cotton Policies
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Author : Stephen Devadoss
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2020
Us Brazilian Cotton Policies written by Stephen Devadoss and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020 with categories.
Brazil filed a lawsuit with the WTO against the United States for providing cotton production and export subsidies, and the WTO ruled in favour of Brazil. Brazil threatened to impose retaliatory tariffs if the United States does not comply with the WTO rulings. After a prolonged litigation stretching from 2002 to 2010, both countries agreed to a negotiated settlement wherein the United States paid Brazilian cotton producers to compensate for any adverse effects. This study develops a political economic model to theoretically analyse US cotton policies, Brazil's threat of retaliatory tariffs and the negotiated settlement between the two countries. The theoretical results show that the volume of cotton output, supply price response, politicians' apathy for the public welfare, elasticities of excess supply/demand and the magnitude of US transfers play a crucial role in determining US policies. This study contributes to the literature by being the first to model political economic aspects of the complex system of trade and domestic policies in the cotton industry using a three-country framework, tariff retaliation and transfers between the countries.
Recent And Prospective Adoption Of Genetically Modified Cotton
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Author : Kym Anderson
language : en
Publisher: World Bank Publications
Release Date : 2006
Recent And Prospective Adoption Of Genetically Modified Cotton written by Kym Anderson and has been published by World Bank Publications this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2006 with Cotton trade categories.
The authors provide estimates of the economic impact of initial adoption of genetically modified (GM) cotton and of its potential impacts beyond the few countries where it is currently common. They use the latest version of the Global Trade Analysis Project (GTAP) database and model. The results suggest that by following the lead of China and South Africa, adoption of GM cotton varieties by other developing countries-especially in Sub-Saharan Africa-could provide even larger proportionate gains to farmer and national welfare than in those first-adopting countries. Furthermore, the estimated gains are shown to exceed those from a successful campaign under the World Trade Organization's Doha Development Agenda to reduce and remove cotton subsidies and import tariffs globally.
Production And Welfare Of Agriculture
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Author : Theodore William Schultz
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1949
Production And Welfare Of Agriculture written by Theodore William Schultz and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1949 with Agriculture and state categories.
Objectives of policy. Efficiency, stability, and progress. Economic development and policy. International economic relations.
Political Economy Of Agricultural Trade Related Policies In China
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Author : Wenshou Yan
language : en
Publisher: World Scientific
Release Date : 2020-09-10
Political Economy Of Agricultural Trade Related Policies In China written by Wenshou Yan and has been published by World Scientific this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-09-10 with Political Science categories.
This book seeks to understand the simultaneous economic and political contributors to China's changing agricultural protection levels and the central government's choice of policy instruments to tax or assist farmers. It theoretically explores the motivation behind agricultural trade-related support policies through extending the two-sector specific factors production model to three sectors, so as to make it more relevant for a one-party state such as China. Chapter three tests that theory empirically, using panel data on agricultural distortions for the period 1981 to 2010 from Anderson and Nelgen (2013). The long-running trend in the level of assistance to the farm sector sees considerable fluctuations in support each year, which has been attributed to fluctuations in international prices of agricultural products. Chapter four seeks to explain the Chinese government's responses to world market price fluctuations. In practice, the government does have other instruments besides trade restrictions to alter domestic producer and consumer prices in the face of fluctuating international prices. Chapter five explores the role that public storage policy can play in contributing to the government's objective of stabilizing the domestic market price of farm products. The final chapter of the book draws out implications for policymakers in China and elsewhere.
Strategies For Cotton In West And Central Africa
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Author : Ilhem Baghdadli
language : en
Publisher: World Bank Publications
Release Date : 2007-01-01
Strategies For Cotton In West And Central Africa written by Ilhem Baghdadli and has been published by World Bank Publications this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007-01-01 with Business & Economics categories.
Based on comprehensive empirical studies, the paper identifies key reforms and defines strategies to enhance the competitiveness of cotton sectors in West and Central Africa. The report uses industrial organization principles to compare privatization options and design reforms to best implement sector reforms scheme
General Equilibrium Impacts In Imperfect Agricultural Markets
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Author : Anubhab Gupta
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2019
General Equilibrium Impacts In Imperfect Agricultural Markets written by Anubhab Gupta and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019 with categories.
My dissertation evaluates the general equilibrium effects of agricultural market structures by examining how market power and capacity constraints of downstream intermediaries shape the economy-wide impacts of agricultural program interventions. I construct an integrated general equilibrium model of agricultural market structure and calibrate the model using original household-level survey- and industry-data from the Tanzanian cotton industry to estimate the direct and spillover effects of technological improvements in cotton production when the downstream cotton ginners have market power in purchasing cotton from farmers. Chapter 2 of my dissertation reviews the three strands of economic literature into which this work fits and contributes: demand-side constraints in agricultural markets, in particular, limited capacities and imperfect competition among downstream intermediaries, welfare distribution of downstream market structure in agriculture, and general equilibrium effects of policy interventions in local economies. In Chapter 3, I develop the integrated general equilibrium model of market structure by explicitly allowing for intermediary market power and their capacity constraints, and capturing local-economy general equilibrium effects. Chapter 4 presents the original household-level data from the Western Cotton Growing Area of Tanzanian and the ginners’ industry-level data, and explores the existing coalitions of cotton ginners, their contractual agreements with cotton farmers, spatial and temporal dimensions of cotton purchase, and the costs of producing lint. In Chapter 5, I discuss the empirical strategy of econometric estimations of inputs needed to parameterize the integrated model. Using ginners’ cost data on processing inputs, I non-parametrically estimate their market power to be 0.28 in cotton purchase, which is akin to a scenario as if the ginners are playing a three-four firm Cournot game. Chapter 6 presents the direct and indirect (spillover) effects of ginners’ market power, and estimates the income and production impacts of higher cotton productivity experiment with imperfectly competitive ginners and compares that to the synthetic case of perfect competition. I find that the total real income of the Western Cotton Growing Area reduces by 3.1 percent due to ginners’ market power with heterogeneous welfare impacts for the different cotton and non-cotton producing households. The income (inflation-adjusted) gains in the entire local economy are reduced from 5.9 to 2.4 percent due to ginners’ market power upon the 25 percent cotton productivity increase. The direct income increases of technology improvement for the cotton producers are reduced by 2.2 to 5.6 percentage points, and the indirect income increases for the non-cotton producing households are reduced by 0.5 to 0.8 percentage points. The methodology presented in my dissertation applies to both developed and developing country agricultural settings. The findings from this dissertation have important implications for agricultural program evaluations to consider the negative effects of market power and to assess the impacts through a local economy angle. Evaluations based on a partial equilibrium analysis typically overlook the agricultural spillovers. I also highlight the importance of intermediary capacities in agriculture in determining the welfare of upstream farmers and their local economy. When intermediaries operate at their maximum processing capacities, direct welfare gains and income spillovers of technological improvements in agricultural production are unambiguously negative for the farmers, and all the benefits of innovation are transmitted to the intermediaries. A realistic analysis of policies aimed at raising welfare in rural economies must consider effects of market power and downstream capacity constraints. Taking these effects into account opens up new policy considerations and opportunities, including the benefits of laws limiting or proscribing anticompetitive behavior to prevent formation of mergers and coalitions downstream from farms. Introducing interventions to ensure a more elastic demand for farm products when intermediaries are capacity constrained could complement other welfare-enhancing programs that governments undertake in potent and dynamic – yet easily overlooked – ways.
Cotton Policy In China
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Author : Stephen MacDonald
language : en
Publisher: CreateSpace
Release Date : 2015-04-06
Cotton Policy In China written by Stephen MacDonald and has been published by CreateSpace this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-04-06 with categories.
This report examines China's 2011-13 attempt to maintain a high level of price support for its cotton producers, analyzing the policy's motivation, its consequences to date, and the impacts of various adjustment alternatives China might pursue. With China's wages rising rapidly in recent years, cotton production costs there have been rising faster than in the rest of the world. Rising costs both helped motivate China's policymakers to strengthen their price support for cotton production in 2011 and ensured that the policy ultimately proved unsustainable. After several years of sharply lower cotton consumption and sharply rising state-owned stockpiles of cotton, China in 2014 began switching producer support to direct subsidies, and focusing support on producers in the largest producing region, Xinjiang. Additional reforms include plans to restore market forces to a leading role in determining China's cotton prices. But China's large role in world cotton markets and the unprecedented size of the Government's stocks mean that difficult choices lie ahead for China's policymakers. Policy decisions in China will continue to have a significant impact on the rest of the world, and lower Chinese import quotas for cotton could reduce world cotton prices significantly.