Country Economic Memorandum
DOWNLOAD
Download Country Economic Memorandum PDF/ePub or read online books in Mobi eBooks. Click Download or Read Online button to get Country Economic Memorandum book now. This website allows unlimited access to, at the time of writing, more than 1.5 million titles, including hundreds of thousands of titles in various foreign languages. If the content not found or just blank you must refresh this page
Kyrgyz Republic Country Economic Memorandum
DOWNLOAD
Author : Izvorski
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2020
Kyrgyz Republic Country Economic Memorandum written by Izvorski and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020 with categories.
Markets And People
DOWNLOAD
Author : World Bank
language : en
Publisher: World Bank Publications
Release Date : 2020-02-10
Markets And People written by World Bank and has been published by World Bank Publications this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-02-10 with Business & Economics categories.
Romania’s income per capita has increased from 26 percent of the EU-28 average in 2000 to 63 percent in 2017, but this economic success rests on the wobbly foundations of unfavorable demographics, weak human capital, and ineffective institutions. Going forward, stronger competition and better human capital are critical to increasing the economy’s growth potential. Romanian manufacturing ï¬?rms are exposed to domestic and international competition, ensuring the flow of resources and market shares to more efï¬?cient players. This has not been the case for services, where anticompetitive regulations and direct state control often limit efï¬?ciency gains. Romanian state-owned enterprises do not compete on an equal footing with private sector ï¬?rms, distorting market outcomes and hampering the efï¬?cient allocation of resources. Removal of these restrictions would have a signiï¬?cant positive impact on GDP growth. Competitively neutral policies are needed to ensure that all enterprises, public or private, domestic or foreign, face the same set of rules. Romania’s human capital accumulation--proxied by the World Bank’s Human Capital Index (HCI)--is the lowest in the European Union and varies widely across counties. Disparities in education outcomes remain relevant across and within regions of Romania. Learning gaps in primary and secondary education persist. These can be seen clearly between urban and rural areas, across regions, and across social groups, requiring changes both at the systems level and at the learning-center level. In the labor market, the automation of production processes has started driving demand for higher levels of cognitive skills, while jobs involving the routine application of procedural knowledge are shrinking in number. A paradigm shift would require reforms in primary and secondary schooling, in addition to more targeted actions, to establish an effective skills development system to bolster human capital.
Central African Republic
DOWNLOAD
Author : World Bank
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2022
Central African Republic written by World Bank and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022 with categories.
The Central African Republic (CAR) is at a critical crossroads. Despite its significant natural resource wealth, CAR remains one of the poorest and most fragile countries in the world. Cycles of political instability and a heavy reliance on natural resources have left the economy poorly diversified and with a small private sector. Almost a decade after the 2013 civil war, the country remains caught in a fragility trap, facing episodes of renewed insecurity and a substantial state-citizen divide. Supported by the 2015 peaceful transition of power, the authorities implemented several reform programs that helped to restore macroeconomic stability and steered the economy onto a relatively sustainable path to recovery over 2015-19. This chapter presents a core economic analysis of CAR - which is characterized by fragility, conflict, and violence (FCV) - and examines the mutually reinforcing relationship between fragility, inequality, and lack of inclusion. It also discusses lessons learned from previous episodes of political instability and ways to improve social cohesion. Finally, the chapter provides some insights into why reforms in the country have not produced sustained economic growth, and it presents some potential key pathways out of fragility and the related implications for structural reforms.
From Falling Behind To Catching Up
DOWNLOAD
Author : Richard Record
language : en
Publisher: World Bank Publications
Release Date : 2017-11-22
From Falling Behind To Catching Up written by Richard Record and has been published by World Bank Publications this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-11-22 with Business & Economics categories.
Despite decades of development efforts supported by significant amounts of foreign aid, Malawi has experienced weak and volatile economic growth performance over a sustained period of time. Malawi’s growth remains an outlier even compared to its geographically and demographically similar peers. Moreover, growth has been distributed unequally, with little impact on poverty. Per capita income has improved only minimally in the 50 years since independence, and Malawi now has one of the lowest per capita incomes in the world. From Falling Behind to Catching Up aims to improve readers’ understanding of the puzzle of Malawi’s development performance and identify ways for the country to achieve robust growth and stay on a stable growth path that helps the poor. The book places a strong emphasis on assessing Malawi’s growth experience since independence from a comparative international perspective. It seeks to benchmark Malawian outcomes on growth, structural change, and transformation against peers and explores possible reasons for divergence from international trends. The book also puts deeper drivers of economic growth at the center of the discussion, looking in particular at the institutions and policies that may have affected Malawi’s growth outcomes and ones that could help Malawi avoid macroeconomic instability in the future. This book first begins by discussing Malawi’s macroeconomic situation and challenges in fiscal management, reviewing and drawing lessons from the instability, slippages, and shocks Malawi has experienced since independence. Second, given how critical the agricultural sector is to poverty reduction in Malawi, the overview explores the current state of agricultural markets. Third, looking at the factors that may constrain higher growth in the future, challenges in private sector development and job creation are discussed. Finally, building on the analysis of challenges, the book concludes with a summary of policy recommendations aimed at helping Malawi begin catching up with its peers.
Bhutan Country Economic Memorandum
DOWNLOAD
Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1996
Bhutan Country Economic Memorandum written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1996 with Bhutan categories.
Ukraine
DOWNLOAD
Author :
language : en
Publisher: World Bank Publications
Release Date : 1999
Ukraine written by and has been published by World Bank Publications this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1999 with Business & Economics categories.
"The government deficits that have played such a prominent role in Ukraine's continued economic decline reflect in large measure the fact that government has been slow to relinquish the role it played during the Soviet era." Since independence, Ukraine has suffered one of the most severe economic declines of any country in this century. While other transition countries in the region successfully replaced their old command economies with market economies, Ukraine continued to protect unprofitable enterprises to preserve employment and income levels. To support this strategy, the government has borrowed more money than it takes in and, at the same time, competes with private enterprise domestically for credit. As Ukraine's economic foundations proceed to crumble, the Ukrainian Government. the World Bank, and the International Center for Policy Studies in Kyiv examined the issues surrounding the crisis. The group analyzed the data and policy studies that were prepared by various Ukrainian and World Bank teams of experts and formulated recommendations for strategies to stem the growing tidal wave of economic collapse now threatening Ukraine. This report presents the issues that are creating these crises and outlines a course to prevent a crash. This report will be of interest to government agencies, economists, bankers, and academics.
Country Economic Memorandum
DOWNLOAD
Author : Papua New Guinea
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1986
Country Economic Memorandum written by Papua New Guinea and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1986 with categories.
Breaking Out Of Fragility
DOWNLOAD
Author : World Bank
language : en
Publisher: World Bank Publications
Release Date : 2020-10-08
Breaking Out Of Fragility written by World Bank and has been published by World Bank Publications this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-10-08 with Business & Economics categories.
Iraq is at a crossroads. Almost two decades after the 2003 war, the country remains caught in a fragility trap, facing increasing political instability, growing social unrest, and a deepening state-citizen divide. Amid a multitude of crises—including an oil price shock, the COVID-19 pandemic, and recent instability and protests—coupled with poor economic policies, a lack of reforms, and an inability to tackle corruption, Iraq is having its worst annual economic growth performance in 2020 since the fall of the Saddam regime. But with every crisis comes an opportunity to reform. Iraq can embark on a long but much-needed path toward structural transformation, one that could leave its economy less dependent on oil and more driven by private sector activity. Such a path can no longer be avoided, as has been illustrated by the widespread protests since October 2019. This report highlights what Iraq can do to sustain future growth; it also shows why Iraq has not yet managed to achieve high levels of diversified growth alongside peace, stability, and a better standard of living for its people. Iraq’s high levels of fragility and conflict--reinforced by high oil dependency--hinder the country’s prospects for economic reform and growth. Despite Iraq’s existing sociopolitical and economic environment, three encouraging messages emerge from this report. First, there is a peace dividend in Iraq. Iraq’s per capita GDP was about one-fifth lower in 2018 than it would have been if not for the conflict beginning in 2014. Thus, maintaining peace can by itself be a strong driver of growth. Second, Iraq has latent export potential for a variety of goods that, if tapped, could diversify the country’s economy, raise living standards, and boost economic resilience. Third, Iraqi agriculture could be revived to serve as a pillar of a more diversified and private sector†“led economy.
Moldova
DOWNLOAD
Author : Weltbank
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2012
Moldova written by Weltbank and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012 with categories.
This Country Economic Memorandum (CEM) explores how Moldova can confront its emerging challenges to growth, and position itself strategically to take advantage of opportunities, by using its strengths more effectively. The focus of the CEM, therefore, is on the identification of the critical binding constraints to growth that can be addressed through public policy. Sustained economic growth, and increased international competitiveness will require a set of policies which encourages faster gains in labor productivity. The recommendations provided by the CEM focus on improving the macroeconomic supporting environment, enhancing the opportunities presented by the large inflow of workers remittances, creating a more dynamic and diversified private sector - particularly in the agricultural sector - and increasing the effectiveness of the Government. While economic performance has been strong since 2000, the CEM highlights the erosion of several important factors that have driven the recent growth. Unless action is taken to address emerging constraints, the Moldovan economy faces the considerable risk that growth and poverty reduction will be slow, and international competitiveness will erode. To ensure that growth and competitiveness are sustained over the medium term, a number of policy adjustments are necessary.
Paraguay Country Economic Memorandum
DOWNLOAD
Author : World Bank
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1999
Paraguay Country Economic Memorandum written by World Bank and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1999 with categories.