Coupling Fine Particle And Bedload Transport In Gravel Bedded Streams
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Coupling Fine Particle And Bedload Transport In Gravel Bedded Streams
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Author : Jungsu Park
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2015
Coupling Fine Particle And Bedload Transport In Gravel Bedded Streams written by Jungsu Park and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015 with categories.
Fine sediments or particles are important determinants of water quality and ecosystem health. Various contaminants such as nutrients and heavy metals are transported by fine particles and the deposition of fine particles at the surface of stream beds often causes serious impairments of benthic ecosystems. For these reasons understanding fine particle transport within watersheds and interaction with the stream bed are important for assessing impairment of water quality and aquatic ecosystems. Besides a qualitative understanding, restoration and remediation efforts would benefit from quantitative models that predict fine particle dynamics. This thesis adopted an approach that first explored the patterns of fine particle transport within California watersheds, from those patterns processes were investigated that dominated particle transport, and then finally, developing a quantitative model with the goal being able to predict particle dynamics that replicated observed patterns and represented dominant processes. The rich data base of US Geological Survey stream monitoring data within California provided opportunities for recognizing common patterns in fine sediment loading rates as a function of flow rate. The majority of 38 minimally developed watersheds with extensive flow and particle transport data illustrated a common dependence of particle loading rate on flow rate. Physical surveys of watersheds, collection of stage-discharge data from historical gauging records, and sediment bed analysis revealed that gravel-bedded streams underwent a transition to accelerated rates of fine particle transport above a flow rate sufficient to initiate mobilization of bed sediments. Additionally, continuous flow and turbidity data had hysteresis loops when fine particle concentration is plotted against flow rate that demonstrated stream bed release of fine particles and a limited supply of those particles. These patterns were in qualitative agreement with observations by others over the last 75 years. The transition from pattern recognition to process analysis required incorporation of the dominant processes controlling fine particle dynamics within gravel-bedded streams into a model. The process analysis was guided by the use of continuous flow and turbidity data at two locations on the Russian River in California to test process descriptions and then calibrate a quantitative model to represent those processes. The resulting process model coupled fine particle retention within the sediment bed by filtration and sedimentation with the release of accumulated fine particles in response to flood events. Model parameters such as a critical flow rate required to initiate sediment bed fluidization, the maximum fine particle storage capacity within the watershed, and background particle concentration for the watershed were identified directly from monitoring data. Model calibration consisted of optimizing the filtration parameter and the sediment bed fluidization parameter over two or three years of data. Overall the modeled fine particle release was within 5% of what was measured during flood events. The successful process modeling for two sites formed the basis for partially validating the model for data not used in calibration within the Russian River of California and testing its applicability to other watersheds. The calibrated model parameters combined with over a year of 15-minute flow data was able to replicate within 35% the observed fine particle release by flood events. Six other watersheds were utilized in testing the calibration of the model and providing a preliminary analysis of the sensitivity of the two model parameters representing filtration and fluidization. The model could be successfully calibrated to these watersheds, and there was a limited range observed for the fluidization parameter and a possible watershed area dependency on the filtration parameter. As a further test of the model, particle loading rates were generated from measured flow data and these loading rates were similar to those observed. This agreement provided a demonstration that the model was able to quantitatively replicate the shape and scatter of particle loading observations, both under current and historical conditions.
Modeling And Practice Of Erosion And Sediment Transport Under Change
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Author : Mohamed Meddi
language : en
Publisher: MDPI
Release Date : 2019-09-17
Modeling And Practice Of Erosion And Sediment Transport Under Change written by Mohamed Meddi and has been published by MDPI this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-09-17 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Climate and anthropogenic changes impact the conditions of erosion and sediment transport in rivers. Rainfall variability and, in many places, the increase of rainfall intensity have a direct impact on rainfall erosivity. Increasing changes in demography have led to the acceleration of land cover changes in natural areas, as well as in cultivated areas, and, sometimes, in degraded areas and desertified landscapes. These anthropogenized landscapes are more sensitive to erosion. On the other hand, the increase in the number of dams in watersheds traps a great portion of sediment fluxes, which do not reach the sea in the same amount, nor at the same quality, with consequences on coastal geomorphodynamics. This book is dedicated to studies on sediment fluxes from continental areas to coastal areas, as well as observation, modeling, and impact analysis at different scales from watershed slopes to the outputs of large river basins. This book is concentrated on a number of keywords: “erosion” and “sediment transport”, “model” and “practice”, and “change”. The keywords are briefly discussed with respect to the relevant literature. The contributions in this book address observations and models based on laboratory and field data, allowing researchers to make use of such resources in practice under changing conditions.
Recent Advances In The Modeling Of Hydrologic Systems
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Author : D.S Bowles
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-06
Recent Advances In The Modeling Of Hydrologic Systems written by D.S Bowles and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Science categories.
Modeling of the rainfall-runoff process is of both scientific and practical significance. Many of the currently used mathematical models of hydrologic systems were developed a genera tion ago. Much of the effort since then has focused on refining these models rather than on developing new models based on improved scientific understanding. In the past few years, however, a renewed effort has been made to improve both our fundamental understanding of hydrologic processes and to exploit technological advances in computing and remote sensing. It is against this background that the NATO Advanced Study Institute on Recent Advances in the Modeling of Hydrologic Systems was organized. The idea for holding a NATO ASI on this topic grew out of an informal discussion between one of the co-directors and Professor Francisco Nunes-Correia at a previous NATO ASI held at Tucson, Arizona in 1985. The Special Program Panel on Global Transport Mechanisms in the Geo-Sciences of the NATO Scientific Affairs Division agreed to sponsor the ASI and an organizing committee was formed. The committee comprised the co directors, Professor David S. Bowles (U.S.A.) and Professor P. Enda O'Connell (U.K.), and Professor Francisco Nunes-Correia (Portugal), Dr. Donn G. DeCoursey (U.S.A.), and Professor Ezio Todini (Italy).
Gravel Bed Rivers
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Author : Michael Church
language : en
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Release Date : 2012-01-30
Gravel Bed Rivers written by Michael Church and has been published by John Wiley & Sons this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-01-30 with Nature categories.
Gravel-Bed Rivers: Processes, Tools, Environments presents a definitive review of current knowledge of gravel-bed rivers, derived from the 7th International Gravel-bed Rivers Workshop, the 5-yearly meeting of the world’s leading authorities in the field. Each chapter in the book has been specifically commissioned to represent areas in which recent progress has been made in the field. The topics covered also represent a coherent progression through the principal areas of the subject (hydraulics; sediment transport; river morphology; tools and methods; applications of science). Definitive review of the current knowledge of gravel-bed rivers Coverage of both fundamental and applied topics Edited by leading academics with contributions from key researchers Thoroughly edited for quality and consistency to provide coherent and logical progression through the principal areas of the subject.
Sampling Surface And Subsurface Particle Size Distributions In Wadable Gravel And Cobble Bed Streams For Analyses In Sediment Transport Hydraulics And Streambed Monitoring
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Author : Kristin Bunte
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2001
Sampling Surface And Subsurface Particle Size Distributions In Wadable Gravel And Cobble Bed Streams For Analyses In Sediment Transport Hydraulics And Streambed Monitoring written by Kristin Bunte and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2001 with Bed load categories.
This document provides guidance for sampling surface and subsurface sediment from wadable gravel-and cobble-bed streams. After a short introduction to streams types and classifications in gravel-bed rivers, the document explains the field and laboratory measurement of particle sizes and the statistical analysis of particle-size distributions. Analysis of particle parameters, including shape, density, and bulk density are also discussed. The document describes the spatial variability of bed-material particle sizes as well as the horizontal and vertical structure of particle deposits. The discussion of sampling procedures and equipment helps the user to make appropriate selections that support the sampling objective. Sample-size estimates may be obtained from empirical data or computed from statistical relationships between sample size and accuracy. The document explains a variety of methods, their usage and prerequisites. A detailed discussion of sampling schemes guides the user to select appropriate spatial sampling patterns necessary to produce representative samples.
Turbulence And Flow Sediment Interactions In Open Channel Flows
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Author : Roberto Gaudio
language : en
Publisher: MDPI
Release Date : 2021-06-04
Turbulence And Flow Sediment Interactions In Open Channel Flows written by Roberto Gaudio and has been published by MDPI this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-06-04 with Science categories.
The main focus of this Special Issue of Water is the state-of-the-art and recent research on turbulence and flow–sediment interactions in open-channel flows. Our knowledge of river hydraulics is deepening, thanks to both laboratory/field experiments related to the characteristics of turbulence and their link to erosion, transport, deposition, and local scouring phenomena. Collaboration among engineers, physicists, and other experts is increasing and furnishing new inter-/multidisciplinary perspectives to the research of river hydraulics and fluid mechanics. At the same time, the development of both sophisticated laboratory instrumentation and computing skills is giving rise to excellent experimental–numerical comparative studies. Thus, this Special Issue, with ten papers by researchers from many institutions around the world, aims at offering a modern panoramic view on all the above aspects to the vast audience of river researchers.
Alternatives In Regulated River Management
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Author : James A. Gore
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2018-01-18
Alternatives In Regulated River Management written by James A. Gore and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-01-18 with Science categories.
Researchers and managers of regulated river systems will find this volume useful in acquiring information for deciding an integrated management plan for regulated river operations. Rather than the ecological theory of impacts of flow regulation, emphasis has been placed on methods to predict water quality and habitat alterations, as well as techniques to mitigate impacts from various operational scenarios. Although most chapters refer to impacts of riverine impoundments, these alternatives apply to any regulated situation in which changes in water quality or flow pattern occur. The predictive modeling techniques are explained primarily from a theoretical background. However, extensive bibliographies can guide the uninitiated to specific texts and software. Where controversial techniques have been presented, alternate methods are also described. Major topic areas include water quality problems, channel modification and management, ecological modeling and management, as well as a section on perspectives for ecological management and special problems in developing nations.
River Flow 2004
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Author : Massimo Greco
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2004-06-15
River Flow 2004 written by Massimo Greco and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2004-06-15 with Science categories.
RiverFlow 2004 is the Second International Conference on Fluvial Hydraulics, organized as speciality conferences under the auspices of the International Association of Hydraulic Engineering and Research (IAHR) within its Fluvial Hydraulics and Eco Hydraulics Sections. RiverFlow conferences are a significant forum of discussion for many researchers
River Flow 2016
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Author : George Constantinescu
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2016-06-22
River Flow 2016 written by George Constantinescu and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-06-22 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Understanding and being able to predict fluvial processes is one of the biggest challenges for hydraulics and environmental engineers, hydrologists and other scientists interested in preserving and restoring the diverse functions of rivers. The interactions among flow, turbulence, vegetation, macroinvertebrates and other organisms, as well as the transport and retention of particulate matter, have important consequences on the ecological health of rivers. Managing rivers in an ecologically friendly way is a major component of sustainable engineering design, maintenance and restoration of ecological habitats. To address these challenges, a major focus of River Flow 2016 was to highlight the latest advances in experimental, computational and theoretical approaches that can be used to deepen our understanding and capacity to predict flow and the associated fluid-driven ecological processes, anthropogenic influences, sediment transport and morphodynamic processes. River Flow 2016 was organized under the auspices of the Committee for Fluvial Hydraulics of the International Association for Hydro-Environment Engineering and Research (IAHR). Since its first edition in 2002, the River Flow conference series has become the main international event focusing on river hydrodynamics, sediment transport, river engineering and restoration. Some of the highlights of the 8th International Conference on Fluvial Hydraulics were to focus on inter-disciplinary research involving, among others, ecological and biological aspects relevant to river flows and processes and to emphasize broader themes dealing with river sustainability. River Flow 2016 contains the contributions presented during the regular sessions covering the main conference themes and the special sessions focusing on specific hot topics of river flow research, and will be of interest to academics interested in hydraulics, hydrology and environmental engineering.
General Technical Report Rmrs
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1998
General Technical Report Rmrs written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1998 with Forests and forestry categories.