Covid 19 And The Informality Driven Recovery The Case Of Colombia S Labor Market
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Covid 19 And The Informality Driven Recovery The Case Of Colombia S Labor Market
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Author : Jorge Alvarez
language : en
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Release Date : 2021-09-17
Covid 19 And The Informality Driven Recovery The Case Of Colombia S Labor Market written by Jorge Alvarez and has been published by International Monetary Fund this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-09-17 with Business & Economics categories.
This paper documents the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and associated lockdowns on the Colombian labor market using household micro-data. About a quarter of employment was temporarily disrupted at the height of the first pandemic-induced lockdown in 2020. Women, the young, and the less educated were the most affected groups. Since then, a remarkable recovery, led by a rebound in informal employment, has taken place. By adjusting both employment levels and hours faster, the informal sector acted as an important margin of adjustment, particularly in those industries most affected by the first lockdown. The informal sector also appears to have played a role in decreasing the sensitivity of aggregate employment to more recent lockdowns in 2021, as the economy has learned to cope with pandemic restrictions, although the possibility of higher informality rates becoming embedded remains an substantial downside risk for long-term productivity.
Regional Economic Outlook October 2021 Western Hemisphere A Long And Winding Road To Recovery
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Author : International Monetary Fund
language : en
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Release Date : 2021-10-21
Regional Economic Outlook October 2021 Western Hemisphere A Long And Winding Road To Recovery written by International Monetary Fund and has been published by International Monetary Fund this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-10-21 with Business & Economics categories.
An economic recovery is underway in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) but the pandemic still casts shadows on much of the region. The recovery was robust in the first quarter of 2021 but lost momentum in some countries in the second quarter, reflecting the rebound in COVID-19 cases. Real GDP is projected to grow by 6.3 percent in 2021, followed by a more moderate growth of 3 percent in 2022, but would not catch up with pre-pandemic trends in the medium term as persistent weakness in labor markets raises risks of scarring. Broadly favorable external conditions, high commodity prices, and pent-up demand support short-term growth, while monetary and fiscal policy reversals work in the other direction. Risks to the outlook are tilted downward. Main downside risks are the emergence of more transmissible and deadlier COVID-19 variants, tightening of global financial conditions, sovereign debt rollover risks, and social unrest as a year with heavy election schedule looms. Fiscal policy should allocate sufficient resources for health spending, including vaccination, and continue to support households and firms in a more targeted fashion while the pandemic persists, backed by credible assurances of medium-term debt sustainability to maintain access to finance. Monetary policy has started to address inflationary pressures but should continue to support economic activity insofar as the dynamics of inflation expectations permit. If rising inflation threatens to de-anchor inflation expectations, central banks should tighten monetary policy to signal a commitment to inflation targets and avoid persistent increases in inflation. Preemptive and decisive action should be accompanied with clear and transparent communication. Financial policy should shift from blanket support to targeted support of viable firms, to ensure that necessary labor and capital reallocations are not hindered. Supply-side policies should foster inclusive growth, including through progressive and growth-friendly tax reforms and measures to intensify climate change adaptation and mitigation.
Growth Productivity Unemployment
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Author : Robert M. Solow
language : en
Publisher: MIT Press
Release Date : 1990
Growth Productivity Unemployment written by Robert M. Solow and has been published by MIT Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1990 with Business & Economics categories.
The essays in this book extend and elaborate on many of the important ideas Solow has either originated or developed in the past three decades.
Covid 19 And Global Food Security Two Years Later
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Author : McDermott, John
language : en
Publisher: Intl Food Policy Res Inst
Release Date : 2022-03-07
Covid 19 And Global Food Security Two Years Later written by McDermott, John and has been published by Intl Food Policy Res Inst this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-03-07 with Political Science categories.
Two years after the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, the health, economic, and social disruptions caused by this global crisis continue to evolve. The impacts of the pandemic are likely to endure for years to come, with poor, marginalized, and vulnerable groups the most affected. In COVID-19 & Global Food Security: Two Years Later, the editors bring together contributions from new IFPRI research, blogs, and the CGIAR COVID-19 Hub to examine the pandemic’s effects on poverty, food security, nutrition, and health around the world. This volume presents key lessons learned on food security and food system resilience in 2020 and 2021 and assesses the effectiveness of policy responses to the crisis. Looking forward, the authors consider how the pandemic experience can inform both recovery and longer-term efforts to build more resilient food systems.
World Employment And Social Outlook
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Author : INTERNATIONAL LABOUR OFFICE.
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2021-06-02
World Employment And Social Outlook written by INTERNATIONAL LABOUR OFFICE. and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-06-02 with categories.
This year's World Employment and Social Outlook: Trends examines global and regional trends in employment, unemployment, labour force participation and productivity, as well as dimensions of job quality such as employment status, informal employment and working poverty. It also provides extensive analysis of the crisis's varied impact on enterprises and workers.The report forecasts that employment recovery, though strong, will be insufficient to close the gaps. Workers whose labour market position was disadvantageous prior to the crisis - women, young people, migrants, informal workers and workers in lower-skilled occupations - suffered disproportionately. The report proposes a human-centred recovery strategy to avoid scarring of global labour markets for the years to come.
Global Wage Report 2020 21
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Author : INTERNATIONAL LABOUR OFFICE.
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2020-12-02
Global Wage Report 2020 21 written by INTERNATIONAL LABOUR OFFICE. and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-12-02 with categories.
This ILO flagship report examines the evolution of real wages around the world, giving a unique picture of wage trends globally and by region. The 2020-21 edition analyses the relationship of minimum wages and inequality, as well as the wage impacts of the COVID-19 crisis. The 2020-21 edition also reviews minimum wage systems across the world and identifies the conditions under which minimum wages can reduce inequality. The report presents comprehensive data on levels of minimum wages, their effectiveness, and the number and characteristics of workers paid at or below the minimum. The report highlights how adequate minimum wages, statutory or negotiated, can play a key role in a human-centred recovery from the crisis
Effects Of The Covid 19 Pandemic On The Colombian Labor Market Disentangling The Effect Of Sector Specific Mobility Restrictions
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Author : Leonardo Fabio Morales
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2020
Effects Of The Covid 19 Pandemic On The Colombian Labor Market Disentangling The Effect Of Sector Specific Mobility Restrictions written by Leonardo Fabio Morales and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020 with categories.
The Impacts Of Covid 19 On Informal Labor Markets
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Author : Ronald Cueva
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2021
The Impacts Of Covid 19 On Informal Labor Markets written by Ronald Cueva and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021 with categories.
This paper provides new evidence on the impacts of the COVID-19 economic crisis on a labor market with a high prevalence of informality. The analysis uses a rich longitudinal household survey for Peru that contains a host of individual and job outcomes before and during the first months of the lockdown in 2020. The findings show that workers who had jobs in non-essential and informal sectors were significantly more likely to become unemployed. In contrast to developed countries, having a job amenable to working from home is not correlated with job loss when controlling for informal status. This is consistent with the high level of labor market segmentation observed in Peru, where high-skilled occupations are disproportionately concentrated in the formal sector, which was also better targeted by policies aimed at supporting firms and job protection during the crisis. In addition, the findings show that women were more likely to lose their jobs because female-dominated sectors are more intensive in face-to-face interactions and thereby more affected by social distancing measures. Increased childcare responsibilities also help explain the worse impacts on women in rural areas. Finally, workers who depended on public transportation before the crisis were more likely to lose their jobs during the early months of the pandemic.
Covid 19 And The Informal Economy
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Author : Martha Chen
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2024-05-07
Covid 19 And The Informal Economy written by Martha Chen and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2024-05-07 with Business & Economics categories.
This is an open access title available under the terms of a CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO licence. It is free to read at Oxford Scholarship Online and offered as a free PDF download from OUP and selected open access locations. A key challenge for the post-COVID global economy is whether the disproportionate impact of the crisis on informal workers, who form the majority of the world's workforce, will be acknowledged. Or whether harmful and negative stereotypes will persist. Today, despite the role of these essential frontline workers - producing, processing, selling, cooking and delivering food, providing cleaning, childcare, eldercare, healthcare, transport, waste removal, and other essential services - many observers consider the informal economy to be non-compliant (resisting registration and taxation) and associate it with low productivity (a drag on the economy) or with crime (illegal activities) and grime (blight on modern cities). Yet, most informal workers are working poor trying to earn an honest living in often hostile environments. Most suffered severe declines in work and earnings during successive waves of the COVID pandemic, and related restrictions and recessions, and have gone deeper into debt and depleted their savings and assets in order to survive. This book explores and informs answers to that key challenge. It presents findings on the impact of the COVID crisis on informal workers in Asia, Africa, and North and Latin America. The chapters of the volume analyse the impact of the COVID crisis on informal workers, interrogate whether and which economic recovery plans and schemes include informal workers, and explore what a more inclusive economic recovery and reforms might look like.
Informality In Colombia
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Author : Weltbank
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2012
Informality In Colombia written by Weltbank and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012 with categories.
The level of informality in Colombia's labor market is high and persistent. When measuring informality of workers in terms of their contributions to health insurance and pension systems, 74.2 percent of all Colombian labor force was considered informal in 2008. The informality debate has taken on a new sense of urgency, as Colombia's robust economic growth in recent years has not led to significant declines in informality. Even during the period of high economic growth experienced between 2001 and 2007, the share of workers in the informal sector remained very high. This report presents new insights to develop a better understanding of the nature, causes, and consequences of informality and its implications for social policies. The study analyzes informality using the conceptual framework presented in the World Bank flagship study on informality (Perry et al 2007), which shows that informality in the region is a function of both exclusion and exit, with some workers and firms opting out of the formal sector based on their assessment of the relative benefits and costs of formality versus informality. The focus of this report is on exploring options to enhance worker welfare and firm productivity through access to public goods and services, including social protection and productive inputs. Hence, the report adopts definitions and measures of informality separate measures for workers and firms that directly capture the extent to which they are linked to the state and, thus, to public goods and services.