Cracking In Bridge Decks
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Quantification Of Cracks In Reinforced Concrete Bridge Decks
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Author : Saikrishna Ganapuram
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2013
Quantification Of Cracks In Reinforced Concrete Bridge Decks written by Saikrishna Ganapuram and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013 with Civil engineering categories.
Cracking in reinforced concrete bridge decks is a widespread concern in the United States. Many concrete bridge decks, regardless to the age of construction, have shown different levels and patterns of cracking. Not only does cracking of bridge decks weaken the bridge infrastructure, but also allows the inflow of corrosive agents into the reinforcement, regardless of the bridge design type, length of spans, deck thickness and concrete mixture designs. Increased cracking of concrete bridge decks all over the world poses a threat to life as well as prove extremely expensive for repair and maintenance. Thus, precautions must be taken in order to avoid and restrict bridge deck cracking, one of which is inspection of the bridge at regular intervals. The Ohio Department of Transportation's current procedure for bridge inspection offers only a qualitative assessment of the bridges inspected. In this study, a method was developed for the quantification of crack densities for twelve bridges in District 3. Two types of bridges were inspected: three structural slab bridge decks and nine stringer supported bridge decks. Crack densities for each bridge were determined based on crack maps corresponding to the surveys for each bridge deck. Results indicated that structural slab bridge decks have slightly higher shrinkage crack densities compared to the bridge decks constructed with stringer supports. However, the "structural" cracks seem to be wider than shrinkage cracks for structural slabs (greater than 0.007 inch). Particularly on bridge ASD-42-0656, which is a continuous slab bridge, there were several large "structural" cracks that were parallel to the pier beams supports. The shrinkage crack densities of the twelve bridge decks determined in this study were considerably lower than the crack densities of similar bridge decks located in other states, demonstrating that Ohio bridge decks in general have lower crack density than those in other states. The shrinkage crack densities of the bridges constructed with QC/QA type of concrete have lower values than the bridges made with other types of concrete. Also, the crack widths were determined at certain key locations and were compared with theoretical values. The measured crack widths are much larger compared to the corresponding theoretical crack widths. This is a reason for concern.
Control Of Time Dependent Transverse Cracking In Reinforced Concrete Bridge Decks
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Author : Cathy Hsiang-Chen Chen
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2013
Control Of Time Dependent Transverse Cracking In Reinforced Concrete Bridge Decks written by Cathy Hsiang-Chen Chen and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013 with categories.
Control And Repair Of Bridge Deck Cracking
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Author : Robert J. Frosch
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2010-11-15
Control And Repair Of Bridge Deck Cracking written by Robert J. Frosch and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010-11-15 with categories.
Cause And Control Of Transverse Cracking In Concrete Bridge Decks
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Author : M. Ala Saadeghvaziri
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2002
Cause And Control Of Transverse Cracking In Concrete Bridge Decks written by M. Ala Saadeghvaziri and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2002 with Concrete bridges categories.
Many concrete bridge decks develop transverse cracking and most of these cracks develop at early ages, some right after construction and some after the bridge has been opened to traffic for a period of time. Structural design factors have not been the subject of much research in the past and they were the main thrust of this research study. Using 2-D and 3-D linear and nonlinear finite element models many design factors such as girder stiffness, deck thickness, girder spacing, relative stiffness of deck to girder, amount of reinforcements, etc., were studied. The research study also included a comprehensive review of the existing literature as well as survey of 24 bridges in the state of New Jersey. Results of each research task are presented and discussed in detail. Furthermore, based on analytical results and literature review, the effect of various factors are quantified and specific recommendations for possible consideration in design are made.
Cracking In Concrete Bridge Decks
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Author : Tony R. Schmitt
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1995
Cracking In Concrete Bridge Decks written by Tony R. Schmitt and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1995 with Concrete bridges categories.
The causes of cracking in bridge decks are investigated and procedures are recommended to alleviate the problem. Forty continuous steel girder bridges, thirty-seven composite and three noncomposite bridges are evaluated. Field surveys conducted to document cracking patterns and to determine the crack density of each bridge are described. Information collected from construction documents, field books, and weather data logs is presented and compared to the observed levels of cracking to identify correlations between cracking and the variables studied. Thirty-one variables are considered such as material properties, site conditions, construction procedures, design specifications, age of bridge and traffic volume. Based on the research reported herein, cracking in monolithic bridge decks increases with increasing values of concrete slump, percent volume of water and cement, water content, and compressive strength, and decreasing values of air content (especially below 6.0%). Bridge deck overlays placed with zero slump concrete consistently exhibit high levels of cracking. Cracking in overlays also increases as placement lengths increase. High maximum air temperatures and large changes in air temperature on the day of casting aggravate cracking in monolithic bridge decks. High average air temperatures and large changes in air temperature similarly aggravate cracking in bridge deck overlays. Both monolithic and two layer bridges with fixed-ended girders exhibit increased cracking near the abutments compared to those with pin-ended girders.
Control Of Cracking In Bridge Decks
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Author : D. Darwin
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2004
Control Of Cracking In Bridge Decks written by D. Darwin and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2004 with Bridge decks categories.
Crack surveys of bridge decks, performed over a 10-year period in northeast Kansas as part of three studies, provide strong guidance in identifying the parameters that control cracking in these structures. The surveys involve steel girder bridges--bridges that are generally agreed to exhibit the greatest amount of cracking in the concrete decks. The surveys include monolithic decks and decks with silica fume and conventional concrete overlays. The study demonstrates that crack density increases as a function of cement and water content, and concrete strength. In addition, crack density is higher in the end spans of decks that are integral with the abutments than decks with pin-ended supports. Most cracking occurs early in the life of a bridge deck, but continues to increase over time. This is true for bridges cast in both the 1980s and the 1990s. A key observation, however, is that bridge decks cast in the 1980s exhibit less cracking than those in the 1990s, even with the increase in crack density over time. Changes in materials, primarily cement fineness, and construction procedures over the past 20 years, are discussed in light of these observations. A major bright spot has been the positive effect of efforts to limit early evaporation, suggesting that the early initiation of curing procedures will help reduce cracking in bridge decks.
Cracking In Bridge Decks
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Author : Pui-shum B. Shing
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1999
Cracking In Bridge Decks written by Pui-shum B. Shing and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1999 with Concrete categories.
This report summarizes the findings of a study whose primary objectives are to determine the cause of extensive transverse cracking that has been observed in some existing bridge decks, and to identify the change of material specifications and construction practice that is necessary to reduce the severity of deck cracking. To achieve these goals, recent studies on the cause of bridge deck cracking were reviewed, an experimental study was conducted to compare the shrinkage properties of different concrete mixes, and the current material and design specifications and construction practice adopted by the Colorado Department of Transportation (CDOT) were reviewed to identify areas that need improvement. A survey was conducted on seven newly constructed bridges to examine the extent of cracking in concrete decks that were constructed with the different mix designs and curing procedure that were currently used by CDOT.
Cracking Behavior Of Structural Slab Bridge Decks
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Author : Anil Patnaik
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2014
Cracking Behavior Of Structural Slab Bridge Decks written by Anil Patnaik and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014 with Civil engineering categories.
Bridge deck cracking is a common problem throughout the United States, and it affects the durability and service life of concrete bridges. Several departments of transportation (DOTs) in the United States prefer using continuous three-span solid structural slab bridges without stringers over typical four-lane highways. Recent inspections of such bridges in Ohio revealed cracks as wide as 0.125 in. These measured crack widths are more than ten times the maximum limit recommended in ACI 224R-01 for bridge decks exposed to de-icing salts. Measurements using digital image correlation revealed that the cracks widened under truck loading, and in some cases, the cracks did not fully close after unloading. This dissertation includes details of an experimental investigation of the cracking behavior of structural concrete. Prism tests revealed that the concrete with epoxy-coated bars (ECB) develops the first crack at smaller loads, and develops larger crack widths compared to the corresponding specimens with uncoated (black) bars. Slab tests revealed that the slabs with longitudinal ECB developed first crack at smaller loads, exhibited wider cracks and a larger number of cracks, and failed at smaller ultimate loads compared to the corresponding test slabs with black bars. To develop a preventive measure, slabs with basalt and polypropylene fiber reinforced concrete were also included in the test program. These test slabs exhibited higher cracking loads, smaller crack widths, and higher ultimate loads at failure compared to the corresponding slab specimens without fibers. Merely satisfying the reinforcement spacing requirements given in AASHTO or ACI 318-11 is not adequate to limit cracking below the ACI 224R-01 recommended maximum limit, even though all the relevant design requirements are otherwise met. Addition of fiber to concrete without changing any steel reinforcing details is expected to reduce the severity and extent of cracking in reinforced concrete bridge decks.
Transverse Cracking In Newly Constructed Bridge Decks
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Author : Paul D. Krauss
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1996
Transverse Cracking In Newly Constructed Bridge Decks written by Paul D. Krauss and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1996 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Factors Affecting The Durability Of Concrete Bridge Decks
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Author : M. W. Horn
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1972
Factors Affecting The Durability Of Concrete Bridge Decks written by M. W. Horn and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1972 with Concrete bridges categories.