Crafting Coalitions For Reform
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Crafting Coalitions For Reform
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Author : Peter R. Kingstone
language : en
Publisher: Penn State Press
Release Date : 2010-11-01
Crafting Coalitions For Reform written by Peter R. Kingstone and has been published by Penn State Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010-11-01 with Political Science categories.
The success of political efforts to create a more open economy in Brazil over the past decade has depended crucially on support from the industrial sector, which long enjoyed the benefits of protection by the state from economic competition. Why businesses previously so sheltered would back neoliberal reform, and why opposition arose at times from sectors least threatened by free trade, are the puzzles this book seeks to answer. Drawing on more than one hundred interviews with industrialists and business association representatives, as well as a wide range of other sources, Peter Kingstone argues that the key to understanding the behavior of industrialists lies in the impact of four factors on their preferences for reform: the effect of economic crisis on industrialists' perception of the viability of the earlier development model; the sectoral location of their firms in the economy and the advantages historically accruing therefrom; the adjustment options available to them given their position in the market; and the credibility of the government's promises about reform and its tactical choices for getting them implemented through the political system. The mix of these four factors, Kingstone shows, left business preferences relatively malleable and thus available for support of reform, even in the face of potentially high costs. Whether such support was forthcoming depended on industrialists' perceptions of the ability of government leaders to deliver on their promises. Widespread resistance to reform occurred when leaders lost their credibility. Under Fernando Collor's leadership, that credibility was never recovered; under Fernando Henrique Cardoso's, it was recovered through increasing concessions to industrialists on the character of the reform program.
Business As Usual
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Author : Katherine Blue Carroll
language : en
Publisher: Lexington Books
Release Date : 2003
Business As Usual written by Katherine Blue Carroll and has been published by Lexington Books this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2003 with Business & Economics categories.
Katherine Blue Carroll explores the dynamic link between Jordan's business community and the state between 1983 and 2000.
Informal Coalitions And Policymaking In Latin America
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Author : Andrés Mejía Acosta
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2009-09-11
Informal Coalitions And Policymaking In Latin America written by Andrés Mejía Acosta and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009-09-11 with Political Science categories.
This book explains how presidents achieve market-oriented reforms in a contentious political environment. Using an impressive amount of quantitative and qualitative empirical evidence, most of which is reported for the first time, Mejía Acosta argues that presidents in Ecuador adopted significant reforms by crafting informal yet functional coalitions with opposition parties in congress. This pattern of success is particularly relevant in a country known for its chronic political fragmentation and deep regional and ethnic divisions. Paradoxically, the adoption of constitutional reforms to promote governance undermined the success of informal coalitions and directly contributed to greater regime instability after 1996. Mejía Acosta's work offers a compelling analysis of how formal and informal political institutions contribute to policy change. His far-reaching conclusions will capture the attention of political scientists and scholars of Latin America.
From Reform To Revolution
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Author : Minxin PEI
language : en
Publisher: Harvard University Press
Release Date : 2009-06-30
From Reform To Revolution written by Minxin PEI and has been published by Harvard University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009-06-30 with Political Science categories.
This is the first comprehensive effort to compare the recent political experiences of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics and the People's Republic of China by tracing their overlapping and diverging paths of regime change.
Informal Institutions And Democracy
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Author : Gretchen Helmke
language : en
Publisher: JHU Press
Release Date : 2006-08-28
Informal Institutions And Democracy written by Gretchen Helmke and has been published by JHU Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2006-08-28 with History categories.
"The volume emerged out of two conferences on informal institutions. The first, entitled 'Informal Institutions and Politics in the Developing World, ' was held at Harvard University in April 2002 ... The second conference, entitled 'Informal Institutions and Politics in Latin America: Understanding the Rules of the Game, ' was held at the Kellogg Institute for International Studies, University of Notre Dame, in April 2003"--Pref
Labor Unions Partisan Coalitions And Market Reforms In Latin America
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Author : Maria Victoria Murillo
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2001-05-14
Labor Unions Partisan Coalitions And Market Reforms In Latin America written by Maria Victoria Murillo and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2001-05-14 with Business & Economics categories.
Why labor unions resisted and submitted during the economic crises of the 1990s.
Routledge Handbook Of Latin American Politics
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Author : Peter Kingstone
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2013-03-05
Routledge Handbook Of Latin American Politics written by Peter Kingstone and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-03-05 with Business & Economics categories.
Latin America has been one of the critical areas in the study of comparative politics. The region’s experiments with installing and deepening democracy and promoting alternative modes of economic development have generated intriguing and enduring empirical puzzles. In turn, Latin America’s challenges continue to spawn original and vital work on central questions in comparative politics: about the origins of democracy; about the relationship between state and society; about the nature of citizenship; about the balance between state and market. The richness and diversity of the study of Latin American politics makes it hard to stay abreast of the developments in the many sub-literatures of the field. The Routledge Handbook of Latin American Politics offers an intellectually rigorous overview of the state of the field and a thoughtful guide to the direction of future scholarship. Kingstone and Yashar bring together the leading figures in the study of Latin America to present extensive empirical coverage, new original research, and a cutting-edge examination of the central areas of inquiry in the region.
Enduring Reform
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Author : Jeffrey W. Rubin
language : en
Publisher: University of Pittsburgh Press
Release Date : 2020-02-24
Enduring Reform written by Jeffrey W. Rubin and has been published by University of Pittsburgh Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-02-24 with History categories.
Over the last twenty years, business responses to progressive reform in Latin America have shifted dramatically. Until the 1990s, progressive movements in Latin America suffered violent repression sanctioned by the private sector and other socio-political elites. The powerful case studies in this volume show how business responses to reform have become more open-ended as Latin America's democracies have deepened, with repression tempered by the economic uncertainties of globalization, the political and legal constraints of democracy, and shifting cultural understandings of poverty and race. Enduring Reform presents five case studies from Mexico, Brazil, and Argentina in which marginalized groups have successfully forged new cultural and economic spaces and won greater autonomy and political voice. Bringing together NGO's, local institutions, social movements, and governments, these initiatives have developed new mechanisms to work 'within the system,' while also challenging the system's logic and constraints. Through firsthand interviews, the contributors capture local businesspeople's understandings of these progressive initiatives and record how they grapple with changes they may not always welcome, but must endure. Among their criteria, the contributors evaluate the degree to which businesspeople recognize and engage with reform movements and how they frame electoral counterproposals to reformist demands. The results show an uneven response to reform, dependent on cultural as much or more than economic factors, as businesses move to decipher, modify, collaborate with, outmaneuver, or limit progressive innovations. From the rise of worker-owned factories in Buenos Aires, to the collective marketing initiatives of impoverished Mayans in San Crist—bal de las Casas, the success of democracy in Latin America depends on powerful and cooperative social actions and actors, including the private sector. As the cases in Enduring Reform show, the democratic context of Latin America today presses businesspeople to endure, accept, and at times promote progressive change in unprecedented ways, even as they act to limit and constrain it.
Market Reform In Society
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Author : Moisés Arce
language : en
Publisher: Penn State Press
Release Date : 2010-11-01
Market Reform In Society written by Moisés Arce and has been published by Penn State Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010-11-01 with Business & Economics categories.
Going beyond the usual state-centric approach to the study of the politics of neoliberal reform, Mois&és Arce emphasizes the importance of understanding the interaction between state reformers and collective actors in society. In Market Reform in Society he helpfully focuses our attention on how various societal groups are affected by different types of reform and how their responses in turn affect the state&’s subsequent pursuit of reform. As a country characterized by strong state autonomy and widespread disintegration of civil society and representative institutions during the 1990s when Alberto Fujimori was president, Peru serves as an excellent case for examining how collective actors can succeed in influencing the reform process. Arce compares reforms in three areas: taxation, pension privatization, and social-sector programs in poverty alleviation and health decentralization. Differences in the concentration or dispersion of costs and benefits, he shows, affected incentives for groups to form and engage in collective action for supporting, opposing, or modifying the reforms.
State Labor And The Transition To A Market Economy
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Author : Agnieszka Paczyńska
language : en
Publisher: Penn State Press
Release Date : 2015-06-19
State Labor And The Transition To A Market Economy written by Agnieszka Paczyńska and has been published by Penn State Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-06-19 with Political Science categories.
In response to mounting debt crises and macroeconomic instability in the 1980s, many countries in the developing world adopted neoliberal policies promoting the unfettered play of market forces and deregulation of the economy and attempted large-scale structural adjustment, including the privatization of public-sector industries. How much influence did various societal groups have on this transition to a market economy, and what explains the variances in interest-group influence across countries? In this book, Agnieszka Paczyńska explores these questions by studying the role of organized labor in the transition process in four countries in different regions—the Czech Republic and Poland in eastern Europe, Egypt in the Middle East, and Mexico in Latin America. In Egypt and Poland, she shows, labor had substantial influence on the process, whereas in the Czech Republic and Mexico it did not. Her explanation highlights the complex relationship between institutional structures and the “critical junctures” provided by economic crises, revealing that the ability of groups like organized labor to wield influence on reform efforts depends to a great extent on not only their current resources (such as financial autonomy and legal prerogatives) but also the historical legacies of their past ties to the state. This new edition features an epilogue that analyzes the role of organized labor uprisings in 2011, the protests in Egypt, the overthrow of Mubarak, and the post-Mubarak regime.