Credit And Usury In Jewish Society In The Mishnah And Talmud
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Credit And Usury In Jewish Society In The Mishnah And Talmud
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Author : Ben Zion Rosenfeld
language : en
Publisher: BRILL
Release Date : 2023-12-05
Credit And Usury In Jewish Society In The Mishnah And Talmud written by Ben Zion Rosenfeld and has been published by BRILL this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-12-05 with Religion categories.
Credit is the oxygen of every society. In many cases we wonder why the rabbis prohibit certain business credit transactions considering them usury. The writer uses literary and epigraphic sources to decipher the rabbinic approach. This book shows how rabbinic legislation innovatively expand the Torah prohibition of usury in loans to all fields of credit. It is a pioneering inquiry regarding rabbinic literature compiled under Roman and Sasanid rule, helping to fill the void in research concerning credit. It also distinguishes various kinds of credit differentiating credit of money for money, or products, exposing the ramifications of the rabbinic legislation.
Usury And The Jews
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Author : Alexander Del Mar
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1879
Usury And The Jews written by Alexander Del Mar and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1879 with Interest categories.
Jewish Law In Transition
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Author : Hillel Gamoran
language : en
Publisher: Hebrew Union College Press
Release Date : 2008-10-17
Jewish Law In Transition written by Hillel Gamoran and has been published by Hebrew Union College Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008-10-17 with Business & Economics categories.
The prohibition against lending on interest (Exodus 22:24) is a well-known biblical law: "If you lend to any one of my people with you who is poor, you shall not be to him as a creditor, and you shall not exact interest from him." This prohibition was intended to prevent the wealthy from exploiting the unfortunate. In the course of time, it was seen to have consequences that militated against the economic welfare of Jewish society as a whole. As a result, Jewish law (halakhah) has over the centuries relaxed the biblical injunction, allowing interest charges despite the biblical prohibition. Hillel Gamoran seeks to explain how and when this law of high moral standing collapsed and fell over the course of the centuries. Talmudic rabbis believed that business agreements violated the biblical prohibition against lending in five areas: loans of produce, advance payment for the purchase of goods, buying on credit, mortgages, and investments. The Bible does not consider any of these activities, but all arise in postbiblical literature. How was the biblical law to be applied to situations that had not occurred in biblical times? And how could the rabbis allow these activities when they were hampered from doing so by the laws against lending on interest? To answer these questions, Gamoran examines the biblical prohibition against lending and postulates when it was written, why it was written, and to whom it applied. He then considers the early and later teachers of the Oral Law, the Tannaim and Amoraim, who expanded discussion of the ban in light of various business activities from 70 C.E. to 500 C.E. Finally, he explores how the original tannaitic proscriptions for each of the five activities were upheld or relaxed over the centuries. Each activity is considered in the period of the Geonim (ca. 650-1050), the Rishonim (ca. 1000-1500), and the Aharonim (ca. 1500-2000). For each period, Gamoran shows how the rabbis struggled with the law and with one another and used inventive interpretation to create the legal fictions necessary for business life to flourish.
The Promise And Peril Of Credit
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Author : Francesca Trivellato
language : en
Publisher: Princeton University Press
Release Date : 2019-02-12
The Promise And Peril Of Credit written by Francesca Trivellato and has been published by Princeton University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-02-12 with History categories.
How an antisemitic legend gave voice to widespread fears surrounding the expansion of private credit in Western capitalism The Promise and Peril of Credit takes an incisive look at pivotal episodes in the West’s centuries-long struggle to define the place of private finance in the social and political order. It does so through the lens of a persistent legend about Jews and money that reflected the anxieties surrounding the rise of impersonal credit markets. By the close of the Middle Ages, new and sophisticated credit instruments made it easier for European merchants to move funds across the globe. Bills of exchange were by far the most arcane of these financial innovations. Intangible and written in a cryptic language, they fueled world trade but also lured naive investors into risky businesses. Francesca Trivellato recounts how the invention of these abstruse credit contracts was falsely attributed to Jews, and how this story gave voice to deep-seated fears about the unseen perils of the new paper economy. She locates the legend’s earliest version in a seventeenth-century handbook on maritime law and traces its legacy all the way to the work of the founders of modern social theory—from Marx to Weber and Sombart. Deftly weaving together economic, legal, social, cultural, and intellectual history, Trivellato vividly describes how Christian writers drew on the story to define and redefine what constituted the proper boundaries of credit in a modern world increasingly dominated by finance.
Religion And Finance
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Author : Mervyn K. Lewis
language : en
Publisher: Edward Elgar Publishing
Release Date : 2019
Religion And Finance written by Mervyn K. Lewis and has been published by Edward Elgar Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019 with Business & Economics categories.
Judaism, Christianity and Islam all impose obligations and constraints upon the rightful use of wealth and earthly resources. All three of these religions have well-researched views on the acceptability of practices such as usury but the principles and practices of other, non-interest, financial instruments are less well known. This book examines each of these three major world faiths, considering their teachings, social precepts and economic frameworks, which are set out as a guide for the financial dealings and economic behaviour of their adherents.
The Chosen Few
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Author : Maristella Botticini
language : en
Publisher: Princeton University Press
Release Date : 2012
The Chosen Few written by Maristella Botticini and has been published by Princeton University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012 with Business & Economics categories.
Maristella Botticini and Zvi Eckstein show that, contrary to previous explanations, this transformation was driven not by anti-Jewish persecution and legal restrictions, but rather by changes within Judaism itself after 70 CE--most importantly, the rise of a new norm that required every Jewish male to read and study the Torah and to send his sons to school. Over the next six centuries, those Jews who found the norms of Judaism too costly to obey converted to other religions, making world Jewry shrink. Later, when urbanization and commercial expansion in the newly established Muslim Caliphates increased the demand for occupations in which literacy was an advantage, the Jews found themselves literate in a world of almost universal illiteracy. From then forward, almost all Jews entered crafts and trade, and many of them began moving in search of business opportunities, creating a worldwide Diaspora in the process.
The Oxford Handbook Of The Economics Of Religion
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Author : Rachel M. McCleary
language : en
Publisher: OUP USA
Release Date : 2011-01-27
The Oxford Handbook Of The Economics Of Religion written by Rachel M. McCleary and has been published by OUP USA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011-01-27 with Business & Economics categories.
In this Handbook, leading scholars demonstrate the application of the economics of religion approach to topics on human capital, the state regulation of religion, economic aspects of religion, and how religious markets function. The chapters also provide a discussion of new data sets and methods of measuring religious participation and beliefs.
The Cambridge History Of Judaism Volume 2 The Hellenistic Age
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Author : William David Davies
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 1984
The Cambridge History Of Judaism Volume 2 The Hellenistic Age written by William David Davies and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1984 with Religion categories.
Vol. 4 covers the late Roman period to the rise of Islam. Focuses especially on the growth and development of rabbinic Judaism and of the major classical rabbinic sources such as the Mishnah, Jerusalem Talmud, Babylonian Talmud and various Midrashic collections.
Anti Semitism
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Author : F. Schweitzer
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2005-11-03
Anti Semitism written by F. Schweitzer and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2005-11-03 with Philosophy categories.
In this provocative book, Marvin Perry and Frederick M. Schweitzer analyze the lies, misperceptions, and myths about Jews and Judaism that anti-semites have propagated throughout the centuries. Beginning with antiquity, and continuing into the present day, the authors explore the irrational fabrications that have led to numerous acts of violence and hatred against Jews. The book examines ancient and medieval myths central to the history of anti-semitism: Jews as 'Christ-killers', instruments of Satan, and ritual murderers of Christian children. It also explores the scapegoating of Jews in the modern world as conspirators bent on world domination; extortionists who manufactured the Holocaust as a hoax designed to gain reparation payments from Germany; and the leaders of the slave trade that put Africa in chains. No other book has focused its attention exclusively on a thematic discussion of historic and contemporary anti-semitic myths, covering such an expansive scope of time, and allowing for such a painstaking level of exemplification. Anti-semitism is an essential book that will serve as a corrective to bigotry, stereotype, and historical distortion.
Peake S Commentary On The Bible
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Author : Arthur Samuel Peake
language : en
Publisher: Taylor & Francis US
Release Date : 1962
Peake S Commentary On The Bible written by Arthur Samuel Peake and has been published by Taylor & Francis US this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1962 with Religion categories.
Now available in paperback, this classic commentary, drawing on the expertise of over sixty scholars, gives students of the Bible a thorough grounding in the origin and meaning of all the books of the Bible. Special attention is given to how the teaching of Scripture has been affected by archaeology, more accurate translations of the text, and the discovery of new manuscripts. The General Editors had the help of over sixty contributors, each being an expert in his own subject, They are representative of every branch of the Prostestant Church in Europe and America. This Commentary is based on the revised Standard Version of the Bible. Key Features include: 32 special introductory articles Full bibliographies and an extensive index 62 contributors Over 1000 double column pages 16 maps in full colour