Cryogenic Mixed Refrigerant Processes
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Cryogenic Mixed Refrigerant Processes
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Author : Gadhiraju Venkatarathnam
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2008-12-10
Cryogenic Mixed Refrigerant Processes written by Gadhiraju Venkatarathnam and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008-12-10 with Science categories.
Most conventional cryogenic refrigerators and liquefiers operate with pure fluids, the major exception being natural gas liquefiers that use mixed refrigerant processes. The fundamental aspects of mixed refrigerant processes, though very innovative, have not received the due attention in open literature in view of commercial interests. Hundreds of patents exist on different aspects of mixed refrigerant processes. However, it is difficult to piece together the existing information to choose an appropriate process and an optimum composition or a given application. The aim of the book is to teach (a.) the need for refrigerant mixtures, (b.) the type of mixtures that can be used for different refrigeration and liquefaction applications, (c.) the different processes that can be used and (d.) the methods to be adopted for choosing the components of a mixture and their concentration for different applications.
Cryogenic Mixed Refrigerant Processes
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Author : G. Venkatarathnam
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2011-03-21
Cryogenic Mixed Refrigerant Processes written by G. Venkatarathnam and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011-03-21 with categories.
Cryogenic Science
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Author : A Kanni Raj
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2021-04-12
Cryogenic Science written by A Kanni Raj and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-04-12 with categories.
This expert-level book sums up all topics related to subject of cryogenic science. To read this book, some fundamental knowledge of engineering and science is essential. This book provides: the different approaches to simulate mixed refrigerant processes, the need for using refrigerant mixtures over pure fluids, the more complex refrigeration processes, the design approach for optimizing mixed refrigerant process refrigerators and liquefiers and the different natural gas and nitrogen liquefaction processes, an overview of the history of the development of cryogenic technology, today's technology of cryogenics such as medical applications for the future, practical prospective on the cryogenics world, an historical and current picture of cryogenics in industry, government, and university laboratories, and the technical aspects of both the classroom and laboratory work will prepare you to actually begin work in many different types of jobs in cryogenics, which has become ubiquitous in industry, government labs, and medical centers.
The Joule Thomson Process In Cryogenic Refrigeration Systems
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Author : Douglas B. Mann
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1965
The Joule Thomson Process In Cryogenic Refrigeration Systems written by Douglas B. Mann and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1965 with Cryogenics categories.
Cryogenic Processes And Equipment 1984
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1984
Cryogenic Processes And Equipment 1984 written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1984 with Low temperature engineering categories.
Cryogenic Process Engineering
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Author : Klaus D. Timmerhaus
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2013-06-29
Cryogenic Process Engineering written by Klaus D. Timmerhaus and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-06-29 with Science categories.
Cryogenics, a term commonly used to refer to very low temperatures, had its beginning in the latter half of the last century when man learned, for the first time, how to cool objects to a temperature lower than had ever existed na tu rally on the face of the earth. The air we breathe was first liquefied in 1883 by a Polish scientist named Olszewski. Ten years later he and a British scientist, Sir James Dewar, liquefied hydrogen. Helium, the last of the so-caBed permanent gases, was finally liquefied by the Dutch physicist Kamerlingh Onnes in 1908. Thus, by the beginning of the twentieth century the door had been opened to astrange new world of experimentation in which aB substances, except liquid helium, are solids and where the absolute temperature is only a few microdegrees away. However, the point on the temperature scale at which refrigeration in the ordinary sense of the term ends and cryogenics begins has ne ver been weB defined. Most workers in the field have chosen to restrict cryogenics to a tem perature range below -150°C (123 K). This is a reasonable dividing line since the normal boiling points of the more permanent gases, such as helium, hydrogen, neon, nitrogen, oxygen, and air, lie below this temperature, while the more common refrigerants have boiling points that are above this temperature. Cryogenic engineering is concerned with the design and development of low-temperature systems and components.
Low Temperature And Cryogenic Refrigeration
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Author : Sadik Kakaç
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-06
Low Temperature And Cryogenic Refrigeration written by Sadik Kakaç and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Science categories.
Refrigeration plays a prominent role in our everyday lives, and cryogenics plays a major role in medical science, space technology and the cooling of low-temperature electronics. This volume contains chapters on basic refrigeration systems, non-compression refrigeration and cooling, and topics related to global environmental issues, alternative refrigerants, optimum refrigerant selection, cost-quality optimization of refrigerants, advanced thermodynamics of reverse-cycle machines, applications in medicine, cryogenics, heat pipes, gas-solid absorption refrigeration, multisalt resorption heat pumps, cryocoolers, thermoacoustic refrigeration, cryogenic heat transfer and enhancement and other topics covering theory, design, and applications, such as pulse tube refrigeration, which is the most efficient of all cryocoolers and can be used in space missions.
Cryogenic Processes And Equipment In Energy Systems
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Author : W. M. Toscano
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1980
Cryogenic Processes And Equipment In Energy Systems written by W. M. Toscano and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1980 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Miniature Joule Thomson Cryocooling
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Author : Ben-Zion Maytal
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-09-18
Miniature Joule Thomson Cryocooling written by Ben-Zion Maytal and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-09-18 with Science categories.
This book is the first in English being entirely dedicated to Miniature Joule-Thomson Cryocooling. The category of Joule-Thomson (JT) cryocoolers takes us back to the roots of cryogenics, in 1895, with figures like Linde and Hampson. The "cold finger" of these cryocoolers is compact, lacks moving parts, and sustains a large heat flux extraction at a steady temperature. Potentially, they cool down unbeatably fast. For example, cooling to below 100 K (minus 173 Celsius) might be accomplished within only a few seconds by liquefying argon. A level of about 120 K can be reached almost instantly with krypton. Indeed, the species of coolant plays a central role dictating the size, the intensity and the level of cryocooling. It is the JT effect that drives these cryocoolers and reflects the deviation of the "real" gas from the ideal gas properties. The nine chapters of the book are arranged in five parts. •The Common Principle of Cyrocoolers shared across the broad variety of cryocooler types •Theoretical Aspects: the JT effect and its inversion, cooling potential of coolants, the liquefaction process, sizing of heat exchangers, level of pressurization, discharge of pressure vessels • Practical Aspects: modes of operation (fast cooldown, continuous, multi-staging, hybrid cryocoolers), pressure sources, configuration, construction and technologies, flow adjustment, MEMS, open and closed cycle, cooldown process and similarity, transient behavior • Mixed Coolant cryocooling: theory, practice and applications • Special Topics: real gas choked flow rates, gas purity, clog formation, optimal fixed orifice, modeling, cryosurgical devices, warming by the inverse JT effect The theoretical aspects may be of interest not only to those working with cryocoolers but also for others with a general interest in "real" gas thermodynamics, such as, for example, the inversion of the JT effect in its differential and integral forms, and the exceptional behavior of the quantum gases. A detailed list of references for each chapter comprises a broad literature survey. It consists of more than 1,200 relevant publications and 450 related patents. The systematically organized content, arranged under a thorough hierarchy of headings, supported by 227 figures and 41 tables, and accompanied by various chronological notes of evolution, enables readers a friendly interaction with the book. Dr. Ben-Zion Maytal is a Senior Researcher at Rafael-Advanced Defense Systems, Ltd., and an Adjunct Senior Teaching Fellow at the Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel. Prof. John M. Pfotenhauer holds a joint appointment in the Departments of Mechanical Engineering and Engineering Physics at the University of Wisconsin - Madison.
Proceedings Of The 28th International Cryogenic Engineering Conference And International Cryogenic Materials Conference 2022
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Author : Limin Qiu
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2023-11-01
Proceedings Of The 28th International Cryogenic Engineering Conference And International Cryogenic Materials Conference 2022 written by Limin Qiu and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-11-01 with Science categories.
This book gathers selected papers from the 28th International Cryogenic Engineering Conference and International Cryogenic Materials Conference 2022 (ICEC28-ICMC 2022), held virtually in Hangzhou, China on 25-29 April 2022, due to COVID-19 pandemic. Highlighting the latest findings on cryogenic engineering and cryogenic materials, it covers topics including: large-scale cryogenic components, processes and systems for refrigeration, separation, and liquefaction of cryogenic fluids, small-scale cryocoolers, cryogenic space applications, thermal insulation, thermal-physical properties of cryogenic fluids and materials, superconducting materials, devices, systems and applications, etc. The book offers valuable information and insights for academic researchers, engineers in the industry, and operators in the cryogenic field.