Crystal Structure Analysis
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Crystal Structure Analysis
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Author : Jenny Pickworth Glusker
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2010-05-27
Crystal Structure Analysis written by Jenny Pickworth Glusker and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010-05-27 with Science categories.
The purpose of this book is to explain why molecular structure can be determined by single-crystal diffraction of X rays. It is not an account of the practical procedural details, but rather an account of the underlying physical principles, and the kinds of experiments and methods of handling the experimental data that are used.
Crystal Structure Analysis
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Author : Alexander J Blake
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2009-06-18
Crystal Structure Analysis written by Alexander J Blake and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009-06-18 with Science categories.
By choosing an approach that avoids undue emphasis on the mathematics involved, this book gives practical advice on topics such as growing crystals, solving and refining structures, and understanding and using the results.
Crystal Structure Analysis
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Author : Jenny Pickworth Glusker
language : en
Publisher: OUP Oxford
Release Date : 2010-05-27
Crystal Structure Analysis written by Jenny Pickworth Glusker and has been published by OUP Oxford this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010-05-27 with Science categories.
This book aims to explain how and why the detailed three-dimensional architecture of molecules can be determined by an analysis of the diffraction patterns obtained when X rays or neutrons are scattered by the atoms in single crystals. Part 1 deals with the nature of the crystalline state, diffraction generally, and diffraction by crystals in particular, and, briefly, the experimental procedures that are used. Part II examines the problem of converting the experimentally obtained data into a model of the atomic arrangement that scattered these beams. Part III is concerned with the techniques for refining the approximate structure to the degree warranted by the experimental data. It also describes the many types of information that can be learned by modern crystal structure analysis. There is a glossary of terms used and several appendixes to which most of the mathematical details have been relegated.
The Theory Of Crystal Structure Analysis
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Author : A. Kitaigorodskii
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-06
The Theory Of Crystal Structure Analysis written by A. Kitaigorodskii and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Science categories.
Structure analysis is based on the phenomena of the diffraction of radia tion by materials. In the first ten to twenty years after Laue's discovery, a very complete theory was developed for the diffraction of x-rays and, later, of electrons. This theory led to equations by means of which it was possible to compute the intensity pattern for a given structure. The theory of structure analysis came to mean that of the diffraction of radiation. In 1935, Patterson pointed out a way leading to the solution of the inverse problem: the finding of the structure from a given intensity distribution pattern. At first the conservatism of researchers, and then the war, hampered the de velopment and broad application of the ideas set forth in this work. It was only during the last ten years that all the rich possibilities of the Patterson method - the method of the analysis of the convolution of the electron density - were brought to light and applied in practice.
Crystal Structure Determination
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Author : Werner Massa
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2013-03-09
Crystal Structure Determination written by Werner Massa and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-03-09 with Science categories.
To solve a crystal structure means to determine the precise spatial arrangements of all of the atoms in a chemical compound in the crystalline state. This knowledge gives a chemist access to a large range of information, including connectivity, conformation, and accurate bond lengths and angles. In addition, it implies the stoichiometry, the density, the symmetry and the three dimensional packing of the atoms in the solid. Since interatomic distances are in the region of100-300 pm or 1-3 A, 1 microscopy using visible light (wavelength Ä ca. 300-700 nm) is not applicable (Fig. l. l). In 1912, Max von Laue showed that crystals are based on a three dimensionallattice which scatters radiation with a wavelength in the vicinity of interatomic distances, i. e. X -rays with Ä = 50-300 pm. The process bywhich this radiation, without changing its wave length, is converted through interference by the lattice to a vast number of observable "reflections" with characteristic directions in space is called X-ray diffraction. The method by which the directions and the intensities of these reflections are measured, and the ordering of the atoms in the crystal deduced from them, is called X-ray struc ture analysis. The following chapter deals with the lattice properties of crystals, the starting point for the explanation of these interference phenomena. Interatomic distances Crystals . . . . . . . . . .
X Ray Diffraction Crystallography
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Author : Yoshio Waseda
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2011-03-18
X Ray Diffraction Crystallography written by Yoshio Waseda and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011-03-18 with Technology & Engineering categories.
X-ray diffraction crystallography for powder samples is a well-established and widely used method. It is applied to materials characterization to reveal the atomic scale structure of various substances in a variety of states. The book deals with fundamental properties of X-rays, geometry analysis of crystals, X-ray scattering and diffraction in polycrystalline samples and its application to the determination of the crystal structure. The reciprocal lattice and integrated diffraction intensity from crystals and symmetry analysis of crystals are explained. To learn the method of X-ray diffraction crystallography well and to be able to cope with the given subject, a certain number of exercises is presented in the book to calculate specific values for typical examples. This is particularly important for beginners in X-ray diffraction crystallography. One aim of this book is to offer guidance to solving the problems of 90 typical substances. For further convenience, 100 supplementary exercises are also provided with solutions. Some essential points with basic equations are summarized in each chapter, together with some relevant physical constants and the atomic scattering factors of the elements.
Crystal Structure Analysis For Chemists And Biologists
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Author : Jenny P. Glusker
language : en
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Release Date : 1996-12-17
Crystal Structure Analysis For Chemists And Biologists written by Jenny P. Glusker and has been published by John Wiley & Sons this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1996-12-17 with Science categories.
The fields of structural chemistry and biochemistry have blossomed in the last seventy years since X-ray diffraction was discovered in 1912. Dorothy Hodgkin, who obtained a Nobel Prize in 1965 for her X-ray diffraction work wrote 'a great advantage of X-ray analysis as a method of chemical structure analysis is its power to show some totally unexpected and surprising structure with, at the same time, complete certainty.' The results of all X-ray diffraction studies are used by chemists and buiochemists but these scientists need to be able to appreciate the significance and extent to which these results may be used. A number of books written for practicing crystallographers cover the theory and applications of X-ray diffraction, but few are of real practical use to non-specialists. In 'Crystal Structure Analysis for Biologists and Chemists', the general principles of crystal structure are presented in a highly readable way. The book of Glusker, who is internationally renowned, provides good coverage of theory, including data and understanding their significance.
Structure Determination By X Ray Crystallography
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Author : M. F. C. Ladd
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-06
Structure Determination By X Ray Crystallography written by M. F. C. Ladd and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Science categories.
Crystallography may be described as the science of the structure of materi als, using this word in its widest sense, and its ramifications are apparent over a broad front of current scientific endeavor. It is not surprising, therefore, to find that most universities offer some aspects of crystallography in their undergraduate courses in the physical sciences. It is the principal aim of this book to present an introduction to structure determination by X-ray crystal lography that is appropriate mainly to both final-year undergraduate studies in crystallography, chemistry, and chemical physics, and introductory post graduate work in this area of crystallography. We believe that the book will be of interest in other disciplines, such as physics, metallurgy, biochemistry, and geology, where crystallography has an important part to play. In the space of one book, it is not possible either to cover all aspects of crystallography or to treat all the subject matter completely rigorously. In particular, certain mathematical results are assumed in order that their applications may be discussed. At the end of each chapter, a short bibliog raphy is given, which may be used to extend the scope of the treatment given here. In addition, reference is made in the text to specific sources of information. We have chosen not to discuss experimental methods extensively, as we consider that this aspect of crystallography is best learned through practical experience, but an attempt has been made to simulate the interpretive side of experimental crystallography in both examples and exercises.
Crystal Structure Analysis
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Author : M. J. Buerger
language : en
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Release Date : 1960-01-15
Crystal Structure Analysis written by M. J. Buerger and has been published by John Wiley & Sons this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1960-01-15 with Science categories.
Crystal Structure Analysis
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Author : Martin Julian Buerger
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1960
Crystal Structure Analysis written by Martin Julian Buerger and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1960 with Crystals categories.