Currency Wars Iv
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Currency Wars Iv
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Author : Song Hongbing
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2021-11-12
Currency Wars Iv written by Song Hongbing and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-11-12 with categories.
This book will follow the main line of world reserve currency hegemony, starting with the deliberate overthrow of the pound sterling hegemony by the US dollar, showing how the US monetary strategy masters have gradually eroded the pound sterling power, squeezed the pound sterling's international reserve currency status and trade settlement pricing power, and how the pound sterling power has counterattacked the US dollar through the "imperial preference system", and returned the US dollar to its original "isolationist" form. The fierce struggle between the dollar and the pound created a vacuum of world financial power in the 1930s that exacerbated the Great Depression worldwide. The Second World War provided a historic opportunity for the dollar to eradicate the pound, and the Atlantic Charter and the Lend-Lease Act were all sharp scalpels in Roosevelt's hands, aimed at dismembering the British Empire's pound. Eventually, the United States established a "Bretton Woods dynasty" with a dollar-based system as regent by "holding gold hostage to the vassals". The basis of interest in the "China-America" economic marriage is fracturing and disintegrating. America's tolerance for China's booming economy was originally based on the model of Chinese production, American enjoyment, Chinese savings, American consumption. China's future economic transformation will inevitably require a shift in the main resources of the national economy from being tilted towards overseas markets to being tilted towards domestic markets, thereby reducing savings exports to the United States. This process would change the basic U.S. position of continuing to tolerate China's economic growth.
Currency Wars I Currency Warfare
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Author : Song Hongbing
language : en
Publisher: Omnia Veritas Limited
Release Date : 2021-11-12
Currency Wars I Currency Warfare written by Song Hongbing and has been published by Omnia Veritas Limited this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-11-12 with Business & Economics categories.
Money, by its very nature, is a claim to wealth, and people hold money, the equivalent of a receipt for holding wealth. What is wealth? What form of wealth is used to issue money as collateral determines the nature of the currency. The most widely accepted form of wealth is currency. Wealth, but also currency, is the fruit of human labour. The commodity property of the commons is, in essence, the property of labour. Over the 5,000 years of human civilization, more than 2,000 commodities have taken on the role of currency, and the market has evolved to phase out other currencies, eventually choosing gold and silver as the ultimate representatives of wealth. No matter what region, no matter what civilization, no matter what religion, gold and silver formed the currency as the most widely accepted form of wealth. The gold and silver at this time is both the claim to wealth and the wealth itself. Even though people have gradually forgotten the gold behind the paper money receipts in the long process of being brainwashed, gold, after all, restricts the over-issuance of receipts, because when there are too many receipts, sooner or later people will be interested in the gold that these receipts can claim. Bankers, as the rule makers of the money game, did not like gold as collateral for paper money, either because it was not enough to satisfy the inflation of paper money desires, or because it did not generate interest income. The idea that bankers would prefer to replace gold with an asset that would never run out and would be viable is a tempting one, and after 1971, the demonetization of gold was in fact an unequal treaty unilaterally imposed on others by the rule-makers of the money game. Thus, we were introduced to an entirely new form of money: sovereign credit money.
Currency Wars
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Author : Jeffrey Yi-Lin Forrest
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2017-11-25
Currency Wars written by Jeffrey Yi-Lin Forrest and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-11-25 with Business & Economics categories.
This book uses systemic thinking and applies it to the study of financial crises. It systematically presents how the systemic yoyo model, its thinking logic, and its methodology can be employed as a common playground and intuition to the study of money, international finance, and economic reforms. This book establishes theoretical backings for why some of the most employed interferences of the market and empirical experiences actually work. It has become urgent for economists and policy makers to understand how international speculative capital affects the economic security of various nations. By looking at the issues of monetary movement around the world, this book shows that there are clearly visible patterns behind the flows of capital, and that there are a uniform language and logic of reasoning that can be powerfully employed in the studies of international finance As shown in this book, many of the conclusions drawn on the basis of these visible patterns, language, and logic of thinking can be practically applied to produce tangible economic benefits. Currency Wars: Offense and Defense through Systemic Thinking is divided into six parts. The first part addresses issues related to systemic modeling of economic entities and processes and explains how a few policy changes can adjust the performance of the extremely complex economy. Part II of the book investigates the problem of how instabilities lead to opportunities for currency attacks, the positive and negative effects of foreign capital, and how international capital flows can cause disturbances of various degrees on a nation’s economic security. Part III examines how a currency war is initiated, why currency conflicts and wars are inevitable, and a specific way of how currency attacks can take place. In Part IV, the book shows how one nation can potential defend itself by manipulating exchange rate of its currency, how the nation under siege can protect itself against financial attacks by using strategies based on the technique of feedback, and develops a more general approach of self-defense. Part V focuses on issues related to the cleanup of the disastrous aftermath of currency attacks through using policies and reforms. Finally the book concludes in Part VI as it analyzes specific real-life cases and addresses the ultimate problem of whether or not currency wars can be avoided all together.
Currency Wars
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Author : James Rickards
language : en
Publisher: Penguin
Release Date : 2011-11-10
Currency Wars written by James Rickards and has been published by Penguin this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011-11-10 with Business & Economics categories.
In 1971, President Nixon imposed national price controls and took the United States off the gold standard, an extreme measure intended to end an ongoing currency war that had destroyed faith in the U.S. dollar. Today we are engaged in a new currency war, and this time the consequences will be far worse than those that confronted Nixon. Currency wars are one of the most destructive and feared outcomes in international economics. At best, they offer the sorry spectacle of countries' stealing growth from their trading partners. At worst, they degenerate into sequential bouts of inflation, recession, retaliation, and sometimes actual violence. Left unchecked, the next currency war could lead to a crisis worse than the panic of 2008. Currency wars have happened before-twice in the last century alone-and they always end badly. Time and again, paper currencies have collapsed, assets have been frozen, gold has been confiscated, and capital controls have been imposed. And the next crash is overdue. Recent headlines about the debasement of the dollar, bailouts in Greece and Ireland, and Chinese currency manipulation are all indicators of the growing conflict. As James Rickards argues in Currency Wars, this is more than just a concern for economists and investors. The United States is facing serious threats to its national security, from clandestine gold purchases by China to the hidden agendas of sovereign wealth funds. Greater than any single threat is the very real danger of the collapse of the dollar itself. Baffling to many observers is the rank failure of economists to foresee or prevent the economic catastrophes of recent years. Not only have their theories failed to prevent calamity, they are making the currency wars worse. The U. S. Federal Reserve has engaged in the greatest gamble in the history of finance, a sustained effort to stimulate the economy by printing money on a trillion-dollar scale. Its solutions present hidden new dangers while resolving none of the current dilemmas. While the outcome of the new currency war is not yet certain, some version of the worst-case scenario is almost inevitable if U.S. and world economic leaders fail to learn from the mistakes of their predecessors. Rickards untangles the web of failed paradigms, wishful thinking, and arrogance driving current public policy and points the way toward a more informed and effective course of action.
Currency Wars Iii Financial High Frontiers
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Author : Song Hongbing
language : en
Publisher: Omnia Veritas Limited
Release Date : 2021-11-12
Currency Wars Iii Financial High Frontiers written by Song Hongbing and has been published by Omnia Veritas Limited this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-11-12 with Business & Economics categories.
Currency, which has been overlooked by historians, is precisely the key to unlocking many historical puzzles, the compass to discern the maze of today's reality, and the telescope to discover the road to the future. In the course of studying the financial history of Europe, America, China and Japan, I have a growing feeling that finance is the "fourth dimensional frontier" that a sovereign country must defend. The concept of the frontiers of sovereign states does not only include the three-dimensional physical space constituted by the land, sea and air frontiers (including space), but in the future it needs to include a new dimension: finance. The importance of the financial high frontier will become increasingly important in the coming era of cloudy international currency wars. From the path of financial evolution in Europe and the United States, it can be clearly found that the currency standard, central banks, financial networks, trading markets, financial institutions and clearing centers together constitute the system architecture of financial high frontier. The main purpose of this system is to ensure efficient and secure resource mobilization for currency pairs. From the source of the central bank to create money, to the customer terminal that eventually accepts money; from the dense network of money flow, to the clearing center of funds remittance; from the trading market of financial instruments, to the rating system of credit assessment; from the soft regulation of the financial legal system, to the construction of rigid financial infrastructure; from the huge financial institutions, to efficient industry associations; from complex financial products, to simple investment instruments, the financial high frontier protects the monetary blood from the heart of the central bank, to the financial capillaries and even the whole body economic cells, and eventually back to the central bank's circulation system.
Summary Of James Rickards S Currency Wars
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Author : Everest Media,
language : en
Publisher: Everest Media LLC
Release Date : 2022-09-12T22:59:00Z
Summary Of James Rickards S Currency Wars written by Everest Media, and has been published by Everest Media LLC this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-09-12T22:59:00Z with Business & Economics categories.
Please note: This is a companion version & not the original book. Sample Book Insights: #1 It was a secret war game, with real money at stake, to test the efficacy of the financial markets in responding to the next financial crisis. The participants would take on different roles to test how their country would respond to a crisis. #2 Financial games are being played around the world to test the efficacy of the financial markets in responding to the next financial crisis. #3 Financial games are being played around the world to test the efficacy of the financial markets in responding to the next financial crisis. #4 Financial games are being played around the world to test the efficacy of the financial markets in responding to the next financial crisis. Sovereign wealth funds are investment pools established by governments to invest their excess reserves, many with assets in the hundred-billion-dollar range or higher.
Currency Wars
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Author : James Rickards
language : en
Publisher: Portfolio
Release Date : 2018-02
Currency Wars written by James Rickards and has been published by Portfolio this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-02 with categories.
Donald Trump's top trade adviser Peter Navarro accused Germany of profiting from a 'grossly undervalued' currency. At the same time the President said countries such as Japan and China are responsible for 'global freeloading' due to their weak currencies. Today, currency wars are raging across global markets, entering an even more dangerous phase, but they are nothing new. In this 5 year anniversary edition, James Rickards, two-time New York Times bestseller and Strategic Adviser to the US intelligence community, explores how currency wars are just as problematic now as they were in 1971 when President Nixon took the dollar off the gold standard. Currency wars are one of the most destructive and feared outcomes in international economics; at best, they result in countries stealing growth from their trading partners; at worst, they degenerate into inflation, recession and actual violence. Rickards analyses the 2008 US financial crash, the debasement of the dollar, the European debt crisis, bailouts in Greece and Ireland and Chinese exchange rate manipulation, as a series of attacks and counter-attacks and ultimately as indications of growing global currency conflict. But, the author concludes, in currency wars, as in real wars, there are never any winners and without systematic reform, it could end with massive casualties on all sides. In this special five year edition, featuring analysis of the 'Age of Trump' and encounters with Ben Bernanke, Tim Geithner and General Hayden, Rickards points the way towards a more effective course of action one that could stabilise the global economy and broker peace and prosperity for all.
Currency Wars Ii
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Author : Song Hongbing
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2021-11-12
Currency Wars Ii written by Song Hongbing and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-11-12 with categories.
The structure of any human society is a typical pyramidal one, with a critical minority of people gradually moving up through the social structure due to their own intelligence and diligence, and in some cases through violence and fraud. When they have sufficient financial power and influence, they will in turn consolidate and expand their vested interests by changing the rules of the game and creating a ruling elite with interlocking interests. If the power pyramid structure of Eastern societies is based on regimes, the Western pyramid of domination is a chain of very hidden debts that hold the various strata of society firmly together. In Western societies, creditors have dominant power and debtors are in a dominated position, and the main function of the state apparatus is to protect and reinforce the reliability of this chain. In the West, whoever is the biggest creditor is the ultimate lawmaker of the game, and central banks, controlled by international bankers since the 19th century, are undoubtedly the biggest creditors of society as a whole, with the rest of society, including governments, being their debtors. From this perspective, the West today is actually a financial powerhouse controlling government decisions. This book will comprehensively describe the formation, development, exclusion, conflict, alliance and checks and balances of the major financial power groups in Europe and the United States over a period of 300 years, systematically analyze the operation and decision-making mechanism of the dominant forces behind the scenes in the world today, and for the first time unveil the mystery of the "international banking family club" that rules the world.
Currency Wars
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Author : Uri B. Dadush
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2011
Currency Wars written by Uri B. Dadush and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011 with Currency crises categories.
In September 2010, Brazilian Finance Minister Guido Mantega shocked the world by launching the opening salvo in what he called a "currency war." Mantega claimed that emerging markets were being squeezed by a combination of a depreciating U.S. dollar and an undervalued Chinese renminbi (RMB). Only weeks later, French President Nicolas Sarkozy placed reform of the international monetary system atop the G20 agenda under France's chairmanship, prompting the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and other organizations to launch a host of events and studies on the issue. Meanwhile, Congress renewed its bid for legislation to brand China as a currency manipulator, while China, Brazil, and other countries condemned the United States for its quantitative easing policies, claiming that their real purpose was to devalue the dollar. Over the ten months that followed the ostensible eruption of the "currency wars," Carnegie economists wrote a series of short articles, collected in this report, to address three questions: what is the nature of the problem that Mantega first brought to the world's attention? What caused it? And, finally, what can be done about it? The central message that emerges here is that the international monetary system performed well during an extraordinarily tumultuous time and does not need a major overhaul. The real cause of currency tensions lies in misguided domestic policies and the disequilibrium caused by the crisis in the reserve currency countries. One very important contributing factor is Chinese exceptionalism. China, the world's largest exporter, is the only major trading nation to maintain a pegged and nonconvertible currency, and also remains almost entirely insulated from global financial markets. This situation requires reforms in China. The implication is that reformers should focus on putting the reserve currency countries back on an even keel and on making China less exceptional. But, in fact, only incremental changes are needed in the international monetary system. In short, the rules of the game do not need a big change; rather, the big players need to raise their game. Until they do, no conceivable reform of the rules can provide stability. We explore each of these ideas in the following articles, focusing on the performance of the international monetary system during the crisis in Part I, the tensions arising from the disequilibrium in the core countries in Part II, and the needed policy changes in Part III.
Currency Wars Or Efficient Spillovers A General Theory Of International Policy Cooperation
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Author : Mr.Anton Korinek
language : en
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Release Date : 2017-02-20
Currency Wars Or Efficient Spillovers A General Theory Of International Policy Cooperation written by Mr.Anton Korinek and has been published by International Monetary Fund this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-02-20 with Business & Economics categories.
In an interconnected world, national economic policies regularly lead to large international spillover effects, which frequently trigger calls for international policy cooperation. However, the premise of successful cooperation is that there is a Pareto inefficiency, i.e. if there is scope to make some nations better off without hurting others. This paper presents a first welfare theorem for open economies that defines an efficient benchmark and spells out the conditions that need to be violated to generate inefficiency and scope for cooperation. These are: (i) policymakers act competitively in the international market, (ii) policymakers have sufficient external policy instruments and (iii) international markets are free of imperfections. Our theorem holds even if each economy suffers from a wide range of domestic market imperfections and targeting problems. We provide examples of current account intervention, monetary policy, fiscal policy, macroprudential policy/capital controls, and exchange rate management and show that the resulting spillovers are Pareto efficient, as long as the three conditions are satisfied. Furthermore, we develop general guidelines for how policy cooperation can improve welfare when the conditions are violated.