Cyclical Movements In Unemployment And Informality In Developing Countries
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Cyclical Movements In Unemployment And Informality In Developing Countries
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Author : Mariano Bosch
language : en
Publisher: World Bank Publications
Release Date :
Cyclical Movements In Unemployment And Informality In Developing Countries written by Mariano Bosch and has been published by World Bank Publications this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on with categories.
Cyclical Movements In Unemployment And Informality In Developing Countries
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Author : Mariano Bosch
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2012
Cyclical Movements In Unemployment And Informality In Developing Countries written by Mariano Bosch and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012 with categories.
This paper analyzes the cyclical properties of worker flows in Brazil and Mexico, two important developing countries with large unregulated or informal sectors. It generates three stylized facts that are critical to the accurate modeling of the sector and which suggest the need to rethink the approaches to date. First, the unemployment rate is countercyclical essentially because job separations of informal workers increase dramatically in recessions. Second, the share of formal employment is countercyclical because of the difficulty of finding formal jobs from inactivity, unemployment and other informal jobs during recessions rather than because of increased separation from formal jobs. Third, flows from formality into informality are not countercyclical, but, if anything, pro-cyclical. Together, these challenge the conventional wisdom that has guided the modeling the sector that informal workers are primarily those rationed out of the formal labor market. They also offer a new synthesis of the mechanics of the cyclical adjustment process. Finally, the paper offers estimates of the moments of worker flows series that are needed for calibration.
Globalization And Informal Jobs In Developing Countries
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Author : Marc Bacchetta
language : en
Publisher: World Trade Organization
Release Date : 2009
Globalization And Informal Jobs In Developing Countries written by Marc Bacchetta and has been published by World Trade Organization this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009 with Business & Economics categories.
World trade has expanded significantly in recent years, making a major contribution to global growth. Economic growth has not led to a corresponding improvement in working conditions and living standards for many workers. In developing countries, job creation has largely taken place in the informal economy, where around 60 per cent of workers are employed. Most of the workers in the informal economy have almost no job security, low incomes and no social protection, with limited opportunities to benefit from globalization. This study focuses on the relationship between trade And The growth of the informal economy in developing countries. Based on existing academic literature, complemented with new empirical research by the ILO And The WTO, The study discusses how trade reform affects different aspects of the informal economy. it also examines how high rates of informal employment diminish the scope for developing countries to translate trade openness into sustainable long-term growth. The report analyses how well-designed trade and decent-work friendly policies can complement each other so as to promote sustainable development and growing prosperity in developing countries.
Jobs For Growth
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Author : Verónica Alaimo
language : en
Publisher: Inter-American Development Bank
Release Date : 2015-09-21
Jobs For Growth written by Verónica Alaimo and has been published by Inter-American Development Bank this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-09-21 with Business & Economics categories.
Jobs are essential for the growth of individuals and countries alike. Achieving personal fulfillment is harder without a job, just as an economy as a whole cannot develop without the impetus of the labor market. These two perspectives unquestionably go hand in hand: from the individual perspective, finding a good job is a legitimate aspiration for anyone who wishes to support oneself and one's family; from the societal perspective, creating more and better jobs is essential to the achievement of lasting and equitable growth. Jobs for Growth rests on this dual vision. This book examines the performance of the region's labor market and, based on this analysis, proposes an integrated package of measures for both personal growth (through successful career paths) and economic growth (through more high-quality jobs and higher productivity). Over the past two decades, the bullish economic cycle has yielded undeniable gains for labor markets in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC), among them lower unemployment, improved job creation, and a substantial increase in wages. However, the situation on the horizon -stagnation of the region's growth and weaknesses in the global macroeconomic outlook- have increased the urgency to find solutions to today's most pressing labor problems. This volume shows that, despite the still-low unemployment rates, the region may find itself trapped in a vicious cycle of poor-quality jobs -a phenomenon especially visible in the high percentage of informal jobs (which are defined in this publication as those without access to social security benefits) and in the high proportion of very short-lived jobs. As the title Jobs for Growth indicates, breaking this cycle will require comprehensive policies that boost productivity.
Andemic Informality
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Author : Edwin A. Goñi Pacchioni
language : en
Publisher: Inter-American Development Bank
Release Date : 2013-01-01
Andemic Informality written by Edwin A. Goñi Pacchioni and has been published by Inter-American Development Bank this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-01-01 with Business & Economics categories.
Recent studies of Latin American labor markets have focused on analysis of the determinants, evolution, and implications of increasing informal arrangements between workers and employers. This book adds to that tradition with a refreshed dynamic and causal perspective that exploits novel panel data sets, recent methodological advances, and identification strategies after recent policy reforms in Andean countries.
Colombia
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Author : International Monetary Fund. Western Hemisphere Dept.
language : en
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Release Date : 2018-05-29
Colombia written by International Monetary Fund. Western Hemisphere Dept. and has been published by International Monetary Fund this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-05-29 with Business & Economics categories.
This Selected Issues paper examines the export growth in Colombia. Colombian exports are heavily concentrated in commodities but the large real depreciation since 2015 offers an opportunity to grow nontraditional exports substantially. Colombia’s comparative advantage in noncommodity products was weak in 2013-15, and export diversification was low, partly owing to the commodity price boom. Exports grew moderately in recent years but in line with historical relationships given fundamentals. The export outlook is positive. Given global growth assumptions, the IMF staff’s models predict acceleration in export growth. The historical experience of commodity exporters suffers large real depreciations also paints a positive picture.
Employment Protection And Business Cycles In Emerging Economies
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Author : Mr.Ruy Lama
language : en
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Release Date : 2011-12-01
Employment Protection And Business Cycles In Emerging Economies written by Mr.Ruy Lama and has been published by International Monetary Fund this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011-12-01 with Business & Economics categories.
We build a small open economy, real business cycle model with labor market frictions to evaluate the role of employment protection in shaping business cycles in emerging economies. The model features matching frictions and an endogenous selection effect by which inefficient jobs are destroyed in recessions. In a quantitative version of the model calibrated to the Mexican economy we find that reducing separation costs to a level consistent with developed economies would reduce output volatility by 15 percent. We also use the model to analyze the Mexican crisis episode of 2008 and conclude that an economy with lower separation costs would have experienced a smaller drop in output and in measured total factor productivity with no significant change in aggregate employment.
Macroprudential Policy And Labor Market Dynamics In Emerging Economies
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Author : Alan Finkelstein Shapiro
language : en
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Release Date : 2015-04-03
Macroprudential Policy And Labor Market Dynamics In Emerging Economies written by Alan Finkelstein Shapiro and has been published by International Monetary Fund this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-04-03 with Business & Economics categories.
Emerging economies have high shares of self-employed individuals running owner-only firms who, in contrast to many salaried firms, have little access to formal financing and therefore rely on informal financing (input credit) from other firms. We build a small open economy real business cycle model with labor and financial market frictions where formal credit markets, informal credit, and the structure of the labor market interact. The model successfully replicates the cyclical behavior of sectoral employment, formal credit, and the main macroeconomic aggregates in emerging economies. We show that a countercyclical macroprudential policy that reduces formal credit fluctuations has positive though quantitatively limited effects on consumption and output volatility, but generates larger unemployment fluctuations in response to productivity shocks; the same policy increases labor market and aggregate volatility in response to net worth shocks. The link between input credit and the labor market structure---key for capturing the cyclical dynamics of labor and credit markets in the data---plays a crucial role for these results.
More Work To Do Taking Stock Of Latin American Labor Markets
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Author : Mr.Antonio David
language : en
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Release Date : 2019-03-08
More Work To Do Taking Stock Of Latin American Labor Markets written by Mr.Antonio David and has been published by International Monetary Fund this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-03-08 with Business & Economics categories.
We analyze the performance of labor markets in Latin America since the late 1990s. Strong GDP growth during the commodity boom period led to important gains in employment and a fall in the unemployment rate as labor demand outpaced an increasing labor supply. We emphasize the role of informality in the dynamics of labor markets in Latin America. A re-examination of Okun’s law shows that informality dampens changes in unemployment accompanying output fluctuations. Moreover, we present some evidence that countries with higher redundancy costs and cumbersome dismissal regulations, exhibit “excess” informality over and above what would be expected based on their income and educational levels. Labor market reforms could thus contribute to reducing informality and increasing the responsiveness of labor markets to output growth. However, looking at selected case studies of reforms using the synthetic control method, we find mixed results in terms of labor market outcomes.
Travelling With The Argonauts
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Author : Małgorzata Irek
language : en
Publisher: Berghahn Books
Release Date : 2018-06-11
Travelling With The Argonauts written by Małgorzata Irek and has been published by Berghahn Books this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-06-11 with Social Science categories.
Drawing on rich ethnographic materials from longitudinal fieldwork on informal trading routes across Europe, Travelling with the Argonauts offers a new perspective in the research of the social space, reflecting on how best to investigate amorphous social phenomena, such as informal networks. Breaking with much current theory, the approach detailed here – the ‘Restricted Verticality Perspective’ – examines the horizontal dimension of social relations, and understands informality not as marginal or substandard, but as life itself, as the real experience of ordinary people.