Darwinian Reductionism
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Darwinian Reductionism
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Author : Alexander Rosenberg
language : en
Publisher: University of Chicago Press
Release Date : 2008-09-15
Darwinian Reductionism written by Alexander Rosenberg and has been published by University of Chicago Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008-09-15 with Science categories.
After the discovery of the structure of DNA in 1953, scientists working in molecular biology embraced reductionism—the theory that all complex systems can be understood in terms of their components. Reductionism, however, has been widely resisted by both nonmolecular biologists and scientists working outside the field of biology. Many of these antireductionists, nevertheless, embrace the notion of physicalism—the idea that all biological processes are physical in nature. How, Alexander Rosenberg asks, can these self-proclaimed physicalists also be antireductionists? With clarity and wit, Darwinian Reductionism navigates this difficult and seemingly intractable dualism with convincing analysis and timely evidence. In the spirit of the few distinguished biologists who accept reductionism—E. O. Wilson, Francis Crick, Jacques Monod, James Watson, and Richard Dawkins—Rosenberg provides a philosophically sophisticated defense of reductionism and applies it to molecular developmental biology and the theory of natural selection, ultimately proving that the physicalist must also be a reductionist.
From Darwinian Metaphysics Towards Understanding The Evolution Of Evolutionary Mechanisms
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Author : Momme von Sydow
language : en
Publisher: Universitätsverlag Göttingen
Release Date : 2012
From Darwinian Metaphysics Towards Understanding The Evolution Of Evolutionary Mechanisms written by Momme von Sydow and has been published by Universitätsverlag Göttingen this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012 with Science categories.
"Although Charles Darwin predicted that his theory 'would give zest to ... metaphysics, ' even he would be astonished at the variety of paths his theory has in fact taken. This holds with regard to both gene-Darwinism, a purified Darwinian approach biologizing the social sciences, and process- Darwinism found in the disciplines of psychology, philosophy of science, and economics. Although Darwinism is often linked to highly confirmed biological theories, some of its interpretations seem to profit from tautological claims as well, where scientific reputation cloaks ideological usage. This book discusses central tenets of Darwinism historically as well as systematically, for example the history of different Darwinian paradigms, the units-of-selection debate, and the philosophical problem of induction as basis of metaphysical Darwinism. Crucially the book addresses the Darwinian claim that evolution is governed by an immutable and unrelentingly cruel law of natural selection. Paradoxically, Darwins theory is a static, non-evolutionary theory of evolution. The current book sketches the historical background and provides suggestions that may help to replace this approach by the idea of an evolution of evolutionary mechanisms (see Escher's 'Drawing Hands' on the cover). This view even suggests a tendency to overcome the blindness of the knowledge acquisition of primordial Darwinian processes and allows for some freedom from external environments. This book first develops a radically Darwinian approach, then criticises this approach from within. Even Darwinism has a tendency to transcend itself. Although the book addresses several empirical issues, it does not challenge particular findings. Instead it builds on many insights of Darwinism and provides a proposal for interpreting known empirical evidence in a different light. It should help pave the way for further developing an understanding of nature that transcends Darwinian metaphysics"--Publisher's description.
Darwinian Evolution And Classical Liberalism
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Author : Stephen C. Dilley
language : en
Publisher: Bloomsbury Publishing PLC
Release Date : 2013-05-02
Darwinian Evolution And Classical Liberalism written by Stephen C. Dilley and has been published by Bloomsbury Publishing PLC this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-05-02 with Philosophy categories.
Darwinian Evolution and Classical Liberalism brings together a collection of new essays that examine the multifaceted ferment between Darwinian biology and classical liberalism.
Reductive Explanation In The Biological Sciences
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Author : Marie I. Kaiser
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2015-12-16
Reductive Explanation In The Biological Sciences written by Marie I. Kaiser and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-12-16 with Science categories.
This book develops a philosophical account that reveals the major characteristics that make an explanation in the life sciences reductive and distinguish them from non-reductive explanations. Understanding what reductive explanations are enables one to assess the conditions under which reductive explanations are adequate and thus enhances debates about explanatory reductionism. The account of reductive explanation presented in this book has three major characteristics. First, it emerges from a critical reconstruction of the explanatory practice of the life sciences itself. Second, the account is monistic since it specifies one set of criteria that apply to explanations in the life sciences in general. Finally, the account is ontic in that it traces the reductivity of an explanation back to certain relations that exist between objects in the world (such as part-whole relations and level relations), rather than to the logical relations between sentences. Beginning with a disclosure of the meta-philosophical assumptions that underlie the author’s analysis of reductive explanation, the book leads into the debate about reduction(ism) in the philosophy of biology and continues with a discussion on the two perspectives on explanatory reduction that have been proposed in the philosophy of biology so far. The author scrutinizes how the issue of reduction becomes entangled with explanation and analyzes two concepts, the concept of a biological part and the concept of a level of organization. The results of these five chapters constitute the ground on which the author bases her final chapter, developing her ontic account of reductive explanation.
Darwin Loves You
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Author : George Levine
language : en
Publisher: Princeton University Press
Release Date : 2008-03-30
Darwin Loves You written by George Levine and has been published by Princeton University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008-03-30 with Biography & Autobiography categories.
Without minimising or sentimentalising the harsh qualities of life governed by natural selection, and without deifying Darwin, this text makes a moving case for an enchanted secularism - a commitment to the value of the natural world and the human striving to understand it.
The Oxford Handbook Of Philosophy Of Science
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Author : Paul Humphreys
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2016
The Oxford Handbook Of Philosophy Of Science written by Paul Humphreys and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016 with Philosophy categories.
This Handbook combines coverage of traditional areas in the philosophy of science, such as causation, explanation, and theory structure, with chapters on new areas such as philosophy of astronomy, data, complexity theory, and emergence. The articles are accessible to scientifically educated non-philosophers as well as to philosophers.
Organisms And Personal Identity
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Author : A.M. Ferner
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2016-04-14
Organisms And Personal Identity written by A.M. Ferner and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-04-14 with Science categories.
Over his philosophical career, David Wiggins has produced a body of work that, though varied and wide-ranging, stands as a coherent and carefully integrated whole. In this book Ferner examines Wiggins’ conceptualist-realism, his sortal theory ‘D’ and his human being theory in order to assess how far these elements of his systematic metaphysics connect. In addition to rectifying misinterpretations and analysing the relations between Wiggins’ works, Ferner reveals the importance of the philosophy of biology to Wiggins’ approach. This book elucidates the biological anti-reductionism present in Wiggins’ work and highlights how this stance stands as a productive alternative to emergentism. With an analysis of Wiggins’ construal of substances, specifically organisms, the book goes on to discuss how Wiggins brings together the concept of a person with the concept of a natural substance, or human being. An extensive introduction to the work of David Wiggins, as well as a contribution to the dialogue between personal identity theorists and philosophers of biology, this book will appeal to students and scholars working in the areas of philosophy, biology and the history of Anglophone metaphysics.
Contemporary Debates In Philosophy Of Biology
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Author : Francisco J. Ayala
language : en
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Release Date : 2009-11-19
Contemporary Debates In Philosophy Of Biology written by Francisco J. Ayala and has been published by John Wiley & Sons this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009-11-19 with Science categories.
This collection of specially commissioned essays puts top scholarshead to head to debate the central issues in the lively and fastgrowing field of philosophy of biology Brings together original essays on ten of the most hotlydebated questions in philosophy of biology Lively head-to-head debate format sharply defines the issuesand paves the way for further discussion Includes coverage of the new and vital area of evolutionarydevelopmental biology, as well as the concept of a unified species,the role of genes in selection, the differences between micro- andmacro-evolution, and much more Each section features an introduction to the topic as well assuggestions for further reading Offers an accessible overview of this fast-growing and dynamicfield, whilst also capturing the imagination of professionalphilosophers and biologists
The Philosophy Of Nietzsche
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Author : Rex Welson
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2014-12-18
The Philosophy Of Nietzsche written by Rex Welson and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-12-18 with Philosophy categories.
This important new introduction to Nietzsche's philosophical work provides readers with an excellent framework for understanding the central concerns of his philosophical and cultural writings. It shows how Nietzsche's ideas have had a profound influence on European philosophy and why, in recent years, Nietzsche scholarship has become the battleground for debates between the analytic and continental traditions over philosophical method. The book is divided into three parts. In the first part, the author discusses morality, religion and nihilism to show why Nietzsche rejects certain components of the Western philosophical and religious traditions as well as the implications of this rejection. In the second part, the author explores Nietzsche's ambivalent and sophisticated reflections on some of philosophy's biggest questions. These include his criticisms of metaphysics, his analysis of truth and knowledge, and his reflections on the self and consciousness. In the final section, Welshon discusses some of the ways in which Nietzsche transcends, or is thought to transcend, the Western philosophical tradition, with chapters on the will to power, politics, and the flourishing life.
Conservative Reductionism
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Author : Michael Esfeld
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2011-05-09
Conservative Reductionism written by Michael Esfeld and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011-05-09 with Philosophy categories.
Conservative Reductionism sets out a new theory of the relationship between physics and the special sciences within the framework of functionalism. It argues that it is wrong-headed to conceive an opposition between functional and physical properties (or functional and physical descriptions, respectively) and to build an anti-reductionist argument on multiple realization. By contrast, (a) all properties that there are in the world, including the physical ones, are functional properties in the sense of being causal properties, and (b) all true descriptions (laws, theories) that the special sciences propose can in principle be reduced to physical descriptions (laws, theories) by means of functional reduction, despite multiple realization. The book develops arguments for (a) from the metaphysics of properties and the philosophy of physics. These arguments lead to a conservative ontological reductionism. It then develops functional reduction into a fully-fledged, conservative theory reduction by means of introducing functional sub-types that are coextensive with physical types, illustrating that conservative reductionism by means of case studies from biology (notably the relationship between classical and molecular genetics).