Debt For Climate Swaps Analysis Design And Implementation
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Debt For Climate Swaps Analysis Design And Implementation
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Author : Mr. Marcos d Chamon
language : en
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Release Date : 2022-08-12
Debt For Climate Swaps Analysis Design And Implementation written by Mr. Marcos d Chamon and has been published by International Monetary Fund this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-08-12 with Business & Economics categories.
This paper compares debt-for-climate swaps—partial debt relief operations conditional on debtor commitments to undertake climate-related investments—to alternative fiscal support instruments. Because some of the benefits of debt-climate swaps accrue to non-participating creditors, they are generally less efficient forms of support than conditional grants and/or broad debt restructuring (which could be linked to climate adaptation when the latter significantly reduces credit risk). This said, debt-climate swaps could be superior to conditional grants when they can be structured in a way that makes the climate commitment de facto senior to debt service; and they could be superior to comprehensive debt restructuring in narrow settings, when the latter is expected to produce large economic dislocations and the debt-climate swap is expected to materially reduce debt risks (and achieve debt sustainability). Furthermore, debt-climate swaps could be useful to expand fiscal space for climate investment when grants or more comprehensive debt relief are just not on the table. The paper explores policy actions that would benefit both debt-climate swaps and other forms of climate finance, including developing markets for debt instruments linked to climate performance.
2024
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Author : FAO; IFAD; UNICEF; WFP; WHO
language : zh-CN
Publisher: Food & Agriculture Org.
Release Date : 2024-10-22
2024 written by FAO; IFAD; UNICEF; WFP; WHO and has been published by Food & Agriculture Org. this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2024-10-22 with Social Science categories.
今年距离2030年仅六年之遥，全球消除饥饿和粮食不安全（可持续发展目标2.1）的进展仍然乏力，未能朝着正确方向发展。全球营养目标的进展指标同样表明，世界并未走上消除一切形式营养不良（可持续发展目标2.2）的正轨。数十亿人仍然无法获得营养、安全和充足的食物。然而，许多国家取得的进展给人们带来了希望，即有可能重回正轨，消除饥饿和营养不良。要扭转当前饥饿、粮食不安全和营养不良的趋势，需要实施相应的政策、投资和法律。要有效实施这些措施，关键在于为粮食安全和营养工作提供适当的资金支持。尽管人们普遍认识到迫切需要增加这方面的资金投入，但对于如何定义和跟踪这种资金投入却尚未达成共识。本报告提供了人们期待已久的粮食安全和营养供资定义，并提出了落实指南。本报告就如何高效运用创新融资工具、改革粮食安全与营养供资体系提出了建议。就粮食安全和营养供资以及追踪、衡量及实施方法确定一套统一的定义，不仅是可持续地增加资金，助力消除饥饿、粮食不安全以及各种形式营养不良的关键第一步，也是确保当代及后世子孙都能享有健康膳食的重要起点。
Guidance Note On The Financing Assurances And Sovereign Arrears Policies And The Fund S Role In Debt Restructurings
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Author : International Monetary Fund. Legal Dept.
language : en
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Release Date : 2024-11-18
Guidance Note On The Financing Assurances And Sovereign Arrears Policies And The Fund S Role In Debt Restructurings written by International Monetary Fund. Legal Dept. and has been published by International Monetary Fund this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2024-11-18 with categories.
Under its Articles of Agreement, the Fund may only provide financing to assist members to resolve their balance of payments problems and restore medium-term external viability and may only do so under adequate safeguards. The Fund’s inter-related policies on financing assurances, debt sustainability, and debt restructuring are relevant for restoring medium-term external viability. This note is designed as a reference and primer on these key sovereign debt-related Fund policies. It focuses on how to establish that a program is “fully financed” (i.e., the financing assurances policy), how to handle arrears owed by a member to its official and private creditors (i.e., the lending into arrears policies), and how to establish safeguards for continued Fund lending at the stage of program reviews (i.e., financing assurances reviews). It also provides guidance on the more general role of the Fund in debt-restructuring situations. It is the first comprehensive operational guidance on these policies, replacing the guidance previously available at the departmental level. The relevant Fund Executive Board Decisions remain the primary legal authority on matters covered in this note.
El Salvador
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Author : International Monetary Fund. Western Hemisphere Dept.
language : en
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Release Date : 2025-03-19
El Salvador written by International Monetary Fund. Western Hemisphere Dept. and has been published by International Monetary Fund this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2025-03-19 with categories.
Following a strong rebound in economic activity in 2021, real GDP is estimated to have expanded by 2.8 percent last year. Meanwhile, inflation jumped to 71⁄4 percent, and the current account deficit rose sharply partly reflecting higher commodity prices and despite a narrowing of the fiscal deficit. Reserve coverage has fallen further, sovereign spreads remain high, and financing options are limited, with continued reliance on expensive short-term borrowing. A pension reform was recently enacted aimed at increasing the generosity of benefits and mobilizing near-term financing but adding to the system’s structural weaknesses.
Supplement To 2018 Guidance Note On The Bank Fund Debt Sustainability Framework For Low Income Countries
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Author : International Monetary Fund. Strategy, Policy, & Review Department
language : en
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Release Date : 2024-08-05
Supplement To 2018 Guidance Note On The Bank Fund Debt Sustainability Framework For Low Income Countries written by International Monetary Fund. Strategy, Policy, & Review Department and has been published by International Monetary Fund this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2024-08-05 with categories.
This Supplement provides additional guidance to IMF and World Bank staff on the implementation of the Bank-Fund Debt Sustainability Framework for Low Income Countries (LIC-DSF) approved in 2017 by the IMF and World Bank Boards. It complements the 2018 Bank-Fund Guidance Note on the LIC-DSF. Since the publication of the 2018 Guidance Note, several issues have increased in significance, requiring more tailored guidance on the implementation of the LIC-DSF to address these issues, including: • Greater prominence of risks from climate change. • Further increase in borrowing on commercial terms and in domestic markets. • Increased number and complexity of debt restructurings. This Supplement to the 2018 Guidance Note on the LIC-DSF provides further guidance on how to address these issues within the current framework. All aspects of the 2018 LIC-DSF Guidance Note remain in effect, except as modified in this Supplement.
International Debt Report 2024
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Author : World Bank
language : en
Publisher: World Bank Publications
Release Date : 2024-12-03
International Debt Report 2024 written by World Bank and has been published by World Bank Publications this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2024-12-03 with Business & Economics categories.
For more than five decades, the World Bank’s premier annual publication on debt, now titled the International Debt Report (IDR), along with the associated International Debt Statistics (IDS) database, has helped shape policies in development finance by sharing timely and comprehensive external debt data and analysis with the international community. Drawing on data collected through the World Bank’s Debtor Reporting System, this publication has kept pace with evolving borrowing patterns and new lending instruments, measured the impact of initiatives to relieve debt burdens, and promoted best practices in debt recording and reporting.Each year the report presents analysis of evolving trends in external debt stocks and flows of low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) as well as issues and challenges for development finance. The IDS database provides comprehensive information on external debt stocks and flows of public and private borrowers in LMICs (by borrower and creditor), the terms on which external loans are contracted, current and future debt service, and debt indicators in relation to key economic variables.IDR 2024 encompasses• analysis of external debt stocks and flows for 2013–23;• the macroeconomic and debt outlook for 2024 and beyond;• the debt transparency agenda; and• one-page summaries per country, plus global, regional, and incomegroupaggregates showing debt stocks and flows, relevant debtindicators, and metadata for 5 years (2019–23).For more information on IDR 2024 and related products, please visit the World Bank’s Debt Statistics website at www.worldbank.org/debtstatistics.
Oxford Handbook Of The International Monetary Fund
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Author :
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2024-10-17
Oxford Handbook Of The International Monetary Fund written by and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2024-10-17 with Political Science categories.
The International Monetary Fund (IMF) is a pivotal institution in global economic governance tasked with ensuring monetary stability and preventing financial crises through promoting balanced trade, economic growth, and poverty reduction. It also plays a powerful normative role by shaping economic policies worldwide through its research and expertise. The IMF played a crucial role in managing crises like the 2008 financial crisis and the COVID-19 pandemic, providing significant financial aid and advocating for stimulus measures. However, the IMF faces both internal and external challenges from reforming its governance structure to better represent emerging economies to finding its place in a world increasingly defying liberal internationalism and multilateralism. Despite reforms, power remains concentrated among advanced economies, hindering inclusivity and trust, particularly in regions like sub-Saharan Africa. Geopolitical tensions, populist nationalism, and economic imbalances further strain the IMF's effectiveness. This handbook aims to uncover these challenges by providing diverse perspectives and proposing policy recommendations that the Fund could undertake to better navigate the complex landscape of 21st-century global governance. Part I delves into its historical origins and key debates of the IMF. Part II focuses on formal operations such as lending, surveillance, and capacity development. Part III explores the involvement of different actors including states, markets, and civil society. Part IV discusses partnerships with other international organizations and collaboration in financial regulation. Part V analyzes shifts in policy instruments and ideological frameworks. Part VI broadens concerns to include gender mainstreaming, labor markets, climate policy, and inclusive growth. Part VII addresses internal challenges including cultural diversity concerns and uniformity of treatment. Part VIII evaluates external challenges such as populist movements, China's influence, global inequality and unresolved issues in Europe. Part IX explores how the IMF can meet the multiple challenges identified in this volume and positively impact 21st century global governance.
The Big Push For Transformation Through Climate And Development
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Author : World Bank
language : en
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Release Date : 2023-02-28
The Big Push For Transformation Through Climate And Development written by World Bank and has been published by International Monetary Fund this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-02-28 with Business & Economics categories.
The High-Level Advisory Group (HLAG) on Sustainable and Inclusive Recovery and Growth came together to provide policy analysis and practical proposals for actions that could help countries secure a strong recovery from the pandemic and a successful green transition. This report pulls together key findings from the deliberations and provides actionable recommendations to support a pathway to green, resilient, and inclusive development (GRID). The HLAG started by assessing the scale and nature of investment and financing challenges. It was immediately clear that investment needs require rapid and sustained scaling up: conservative estimates presented to the HLAG by Bhattacharya et al. (2022) suggest that EMDEs other than China have aggregate investment and development spending needs on the order of at least $1.3 trillion per year by 2025 and $3.5 trillion per year by 2030.
El Estado De La Seguridad Alimentaria Y La Nutrici N En El Mundo 2024
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Author : FAO; FIDA; OMS; PMA; UNICEF.
language : es
Publisher: Food & Agriculture Org.
Release Date : 2024-10-22
El Estado De La Seguridad Alimentaria Y La Nutrici N En El Mundo 2024 written by FAO; FIDA; OMS; PMA; UNICEF. and has been published by Food & Agriculture Org. this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2024-10-22 with Social Science categories.
A falta de seis años para que venza el plazo de 2030, las tendencias del hambre y la inseguridad alimentaria todavía no avanzan en la dirección adecuada para acabar con el hambre y la inseguridad alimentaria (meta 2.1 de los ODS) para 2030. Los indicadores de los progresos hacia el cumplimiento de las metas mundiales en materia de nutrición muestran asimismo que el mundo no va camino de eliminar todas las formas de malnutrición (meta 2.2 de los ODS). Miles de millones de personas siguen careciendo de acceso a alimentos nutritivos, inocuos y suficientes. Sin embargo, los progresos registrados en muchos países infunden esperanza en que es posible volver al camino hacia la erradicación del hambre y la malnutrición.Con objeto de poner en práctica las políticas, inversiones y leyes necesarias para invertir las actuales tendencias del hambre, la inseguridad alimentaria y la malnutrición será preciso financiar debidamente la seguridad alimentaria y la nutrición. Aunque es amplio el acuerdo suscitado por la urgencia que reviste financiar la cuestión de la seguridad alimentaria y la nutrición, no cabe decir lo mismo en cuanto a la comprensión común de la manera de definir esta financiación y darle seguimiento. En el informe figura la esperada definición de financiación para la seguridad alimentaria y la nutrición, así como orientación para su aplicación.En el informe figuran recomendaciones respecto del uso eficiente de instrumentos innovadores de financiación y de reformas de la arquitectura de la financiación para la seguridad alimentaria y la nutrición. El establecimiento de puntos en común en relación con la definición de la financiación para la seguridad alimentaria y la nutrición, así como de los correspondientes métodos de seguimiento, medición y aplicación, es un primer paso importante hacia el aumento sostenible de los flujos de financiación necesarios para acabar con el hambre, la inseguridad alimentaria y todas las formas de malnutrición y garantizar el acceso a dietas saludables para todos hoy y mañana.
L Tat De La S Curit Alimentaire Et De La Nutrition Dans Le Monde 2024
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Author : FAO; FIDA; OMS; PAM; UNICEF.
language : fr
Publisher: Food & Agriculture Org.
Release Date : 2024-10-22
L Tat De La S Curit Alimentaire Et De La Nutrition Dans Le Monde 2024 written by FAO; FIDA; OMS; PAM; UNICEF. and has been published by Food & Agriculture Org. this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2024-10-22 with Social Science categories.
À six ans de l’échéance de 2030, on constate que les chiffres de la faim et de l’insécurité alimentaire n’évoluent pas encore dans un sens qui permettrait d’éliminer ces fléaux et de réaliser la cible 2.1 des ODD d’ici à 2030. Les indicateurs de la progression vers les objectifs mondiaux en matière de nutrition montrent que le monde n’est pas non plus en voie d’éliminer la malnutrition sous toutes ses formes, comme le voudrait la cible 2.2 des ODD. Des milliards de personnes n’ont toujours pas accès à une alimentation nutritive, saine et suffisante. Pour autant, les progrès accomplis dans de nombreux pays permettent d’espérer un retour sur la voie de l’élimination de la faim et de la malnutrition.La mise en œuvre des politiques, des investissements et des lois nécessaires pour inverser les tendances actuelles de la faim, de l’insécurité alimentaire et de la malnutrition nécessite un financement de la sécurité alimentaire et de la nutrition qui soit à la hauteur des enjeux. La nécessité d’augmenter d’urgence le financement au service de la sécurité alimentaire et de la nutrition fait certes l’objet d’un large accord, mais il n’en va pas de même pour ce qui est de la définition et du suivi de ces financements. Le rapport propose une définition très attendue de la notion de financement au service de la sécurité alimentaire et de la nutrition et des conseils sur sa mise en œuvre.On y trouvera des recommandations en vue d’une utilisation efficace d’outils de financement novateurs et d’une réforme de l’architecture du financement pour la sécurité alimentaire et la nutrition. Établir une définition commune du financement au service de la sécurité alimentaire et de la nutrition et des méthodes de suivi, de mesure et de mise en œuvre, est un premier pas important vers une augmentation continue des flux financiers nécessaires pour éliminer la faim, l’insécurité alimentaire et la malnutrition sous toutes ses formes et assurer à tous l’accès à une alimentation saine, aujourd’hui et demain.