Deep Learning On Mobile Devices With Neural Processing Units
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Deep Learning On Mobile Devices With Neural Processing Units
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Author : Tianxiang Tan
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2022
Deep Learning On Mobile Devices With Neural Processing Units written by Tianxiang Tan and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022 with categories.
Deep Neural Networks (DNN) have been successfully applied to various computer vision and natural language processing problems. Although DNNs can provide better results, they suffer from high computational overhead which means long delay and more energy consumption when running on mobile devices. To address this problem, many companies have developed dedicated Neural Processing Units (NPUs) for accelerating deep learning on mobile devices. NPU can significantly reduce the running time of these DNNs with much less energy, however it incurs accuracy loss which poses new research challenges. The goal of this dissertation is to address these challenges by developing techniques to improve the performance and the energy efficiency of running DNNs on mobile devices with NPU. First, we propose techniques to decompose the DNN architecture into different layers running on CPU and NPU to maximize accuracy or minimize processing time based on the application requirement. Based on the delay and the accuracy requirements of the applications, we study two problems: Max-Accuracy where the goal is to maximize the accuracy under some time constraint, and Min-Time where the goal is to minimize the processing time while ensuring the accuracy is above a certain threshold. To solve these problems, we propose heuristic based algorithms which are simple but only search a small number of layer combinations (i.e., where to run which DNN model layers). To further improve the performance, a machine learning based model partition algorithm is developed which searches more layer combinations and considers both accuracy loss and processing time simultaneously. Second, we propose techniques to improve the performance of running DNNs on mobile devices while avoiding the overheating problem. Compared to CPU, mobile GPU can be leveraged to improve performance. However, after running DNNs for a short period of time, the mobile device may become overheated and the processors are forced to reduce the clock speed, significantly reducing the processing speed. Compared to GPU, NPU is much faster and more energy efficient, but with lower accuracy due to the use of low precision floating-point numbers. We propose to combine these two approaches to improve performance by studying the thermal-aware scheduling problem, where the goal is to achieve a better tradeoff between processing time and accuracy while ensuring that the mobile device is not overheated. To solve the problem, we first propose a heuristic-based scheduling algorithm to determine when to run DNNs on GPU and when to run DNNs on NPU based on the current states of the mobile device, and then propose a deep reinforcement learning based scheduling algorithm to further improve performance. Third, we propose techniques to support deep learning applications through edge processing and NPU in mobile. The major challenge is to determine when to offload the computation and when to use NPU. Based on the processing time and accuracy requirement of the mobile application, we study three problems: Max-Accuracy where the goal is to maximize the accuracy under some time constraints, Max-Utility where the goal is to maximize the utility which is a weighted function of processing time and accuracy, and Min-Energy where the goal is to minimize the energy under some time and accuracy constraints. We formulate them as integer programming problems and propose heuristics based solutions. Finally, we further improve the performance of offloading by leveraging the confidence score of running DNNs on mobile devices. If the confidence score is higher than a threshold, the classification result on NPU is most likely accurate and can be directly used; otherwise, the data is offloaded for further processing to improve the accuracy. However, the confidence score of many advanced DNNs cannot accurately estimate the classification results, and then may not be effective for making offloading decisions. We propose confidence score calibration techniques, formulate the confidence based offloading problem where the goal is to maximize accuracy under some time constraint, and propose an adaptive solution that determines which frames to offload at what resolution based on the confidence score and the network condition. Through real implementations and extensive evaluations, we demonstrate that the proposed solution can significantly outperform other approaches.
Mobile Deep Learning With Tensorflow Lite Ml Kit And Flutter
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Author : Anubhav Singh
language : en
Publisher: Packt Publishing Ltd
Release Date : 2020-04-06
Mobile Deep Learning With Tensorflow Lite Ml Kit And Flutter written by Anubhav Singh and has been published by Packt Publishing Ltd this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-04-06 with Computers categories.
Learn how to deploy effective deep learning solutions on cross-platform applications built using TensorFlow Lite, ML Kit, and Flutter Key FeaturesWork through projects covering mobile vision, style transfer, speech processing, and multimedia processingCover interesting deep learning solutions for mobileBuild your confidence in training models, performance tuning, memory optimization, and neural network deployment through every projectBook Description Deep learning is rapidly becoming the most popular topic in the mobile app industry. This book introduces trending deep learning concepts and their use cases with an industrial and application-focused approach. You will cover a range of projects covering tasks such as mobile vision, facial recognition, smart artificial intelligence assistant, augmented reality, and more. With the help of eight projects, you will learn how to integrate deep learning processes into mobile platforms, iOS, and Android. This will help you to transform deep learning features into robust mobile apps efficiently. You’ll get hands-on experience of selecting the right deep learning architectures and optimizing mobile deep learning models while following an application oriented-approach to deep learning on native mobile apps. We will later cover various pre-trained and custom-built deep learning model-based APIs such as machine learning (ML) Kit through Firebase. Further on, the book will take you through examples of creating custom deep learning models with TensorFlow Lite. Each project will demonstrate how to integrate deep learning libraries into your mobile apps, right from preparing the model through to deployment. By the end of this book, you’ll have mastered the skills to build and deploy deep learning mobile applications on both iOS and Android. What you will learnCreate your own customized chatbot by extending the functionality of Google AssistantImprove learning accuracy with the help of features available on mobile devicesPerform visual recognition tasks using image processingUse augmented reality to generate captions for a camera feedAuthenticate users and create a mechanism to identify rare and suspicious user interactionsDevelop a chess engine based on deep reinforcement learningExplore the concepts and methods involved in rolling out production-ready deep learning iOS and Android applicationsWho this book is for This book is for data scientists, deep learning and computer vision engineers, and natural language processing (NLP) engineers who want to build smart mobile apps using deep learning methods. You will also find this book useful if you want to improve your mobile app’s user interface (UI) by harnessing the potential of deep learning. Basic knowledge of neural networks and coding experience in Python will be beneficial to get started with this book.
Deep Learning On Edge Computing Devices
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Author : Xichuan Zhou
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier
Release Date : 2022-02-02
Deep Learning On Edge Computing Devices written by Xichuan Zhou and has been published by Elsevier this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-02-02 with Computers categories.
Deep Learning on Edge Computing Devices: Design Challenges of Algorithm and Architecture focuses on hardware architecture and embedded deep learning, including neural networks. The title helps researchers maximize the performance of Edge-deep learning models for mobile computing and other applications by presenting neural network algorithms and hardware design optimization approaches for Edge-deep learning. Applications are introduced in each section, and a comprehensive example, smart surveillance cameras, is presented at the end of the book, integrating innovation in both algorithm and hardware architecture. Structured into three parts, the book covers core concepts, theories and algorithms and architecture optimization. This book provides a solution for researchers looking to maximize the performance of deep learning models on Edge-computing devices through algorithm-hardware co-design. Focuses on hardware architecture and embedded deep learning, including neural networks Brings together neural network algorithm and hardware design optimization approaches to deep learning, alongside real-world applications Considers how Edge computing solves privacy, latency and power consumption concerns related to the use of the Cloud Describes how to maximize the performance of deep learning on Edge-computing devices Presents the latest research on neural network compression coding, deep learning algorithms, chip co-design and intelligent monitoring
Deep Learning
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Author : Siddhartha Bhattacharyya
language : en
Publisher: Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG
Release Date : 2020-06-22
Deep Learning written by Siddhartha Bhattacharyya and has been published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-06-22 with Computers categories.
This book focuses on the fundamentals of deep learning along with reporting on the current state-of-art research on deep learning. In addition, it provides an insight of deep neural networks in action with illustrative coding examples. Deep learning is a new area of machine learning research which has been introduced with the objective of moving ML closer to one of its original goals, i.e. artificial intelligence. Deep learning was developed as an ML approach to deal with complex input-output mappings. While traditional methods successfully solve problems where final value is a simple function of input data, deep learning techniques are able to capture composite relations between non-immediately related fields, for example between air pressure recordings and English words, millions of pixels and textual description, brand-related news and future stock prices and almost all real world problems. Deep learning is a class of nature inspired machine learning algorithms that uses a cascade of multiple layers of nonlinear processing units for feature extraction and transformation. Each successive layer uses the output from the previous layer as input. The learning may be supervised (e.g. classification) and/or unsupervised (e.g. pattern analysis) manners. These algorithms learn multiple levels of representations that correspond to different levels of abstraction by resorting to some form of gradient descent for training via backpropagation. Layers that have been used in deep learning include hidden layers of an artificial neural network and sets of propositional formulas. They may also include latent variables organized layer-wise in deep generative models such as the nodes in deep belief networks and deep boltzmann machines. Deep learning is part of state-of-the-art systems in various disciplines, particularly computer vision, automatic speech recognition (ASR) and human action recognition.
Edge Intelligence In The Making
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Author : Sen Lin
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2022-06-01
Edge Intelligence In The Making written by Sen Lin and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-06-01 with Computers categories.
With the explosive growth of mobile computing and Internet of Things (IoT) applications, as exemplified by AR/VR, smart city, and video/audio surveillance, billions of mobile and IoT devices are being connected to the Internet, generating zillions of bytes of data at the network edge. Driven by this trend, there is an urgent need to push the frontiers of artificial intelligence (AI) to the network edge to fully unleash the potential of IoT big data. Indeed, the marriage of edge computing and AI has resulted in innovative solutions, namely edge intelligence or edge AI. Nevertheless, research and practice on this emerging inter-disciplinary field is still in its infancy stage. To facilitate the dissemination of the recent advances in edge intelligence in both academia and industry, this book conducts a comprehensive and detailed survey of the recent research efforts and also showcases the authors' own research progress on edge intelligence. Specifically, the book first reviews the background and present motivation for AI running at the network edge. Next, it provides an overview of the overarching architectures, frameworks, and emerging key technologies for deep learning models toward training/inference at the network edge. To illustrate the research problems for edge intelligence, the book also showcases four of the authors' own research projects on edge intelligence, ranging from rigorous theoretical analysis to studies based on realistic implementation. Finally, it discusses the applications, marketplace, and future research opportunities of edge intelligence. This emerging interdisciplinary field offers many open problems and yet also tremendous opportunities, and this book only touches the tip of iceberg. Hopefully, this book will elicit escalating attention, stimulate fruitful discussions, and open new directions on edge intelligence.
Mobile Artificial Intelligence Projects
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Author : Karthikeyan NG
language : en
Publisher: Packt Publishing Ltd
Release Date : 2019-03-30
Mobile Artificial Intelligence Projects written by Karthikeyan NG and has been published by Packt Publishing Ltd this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-03-30 with Computers categories.
Learn to build end-to-end AI apps from scratch for Android and iOS using TensorFlow Lite, CoreML, and PyTorch Key FeaturesBuild practical, real-world AI projects on Android and iOSImplement tasks such as recognizing handwritten digits, sentiment analysis, and moreExplore the core functions of machine learning, deep learning, and mobile visionBook Description We’re witnessing a revolution in Artificial Intelligence, thanks to breakthroughs in deep learning. Mobile Artificial Intelligence Projects empowers you to take part in this revolution by applying Artificial Intelligence (AI) techniques to design applications for natural language processing (NLP), robotics, and computer vision. This book teaches you to harness the power of AI in mobile applications along with learning the core functions of NLP, neural networks, deep learning, and mobile vision. It features a range of projects, covering tasks such as real-estate price prediction, recognizing hand-written digits, predicting car damage, and sentiment analysis. You will learn to utilize NLP and machine learning algorithms to make applications more predictive, proactive, and capable of making autonomous decisions with less human input. In the concluding chapters, you will work with popular libraries, such as TensorFlow Lite, CoreML, and PyTorch across Android and iOS platforms. By the end of this book, you will have developed exciting and more intuitive mobile applications that deliver a customized and more personalized experience to users. What you will learnExplore the concepts and fundamentals of AI, deep learning, and neural networksImplement use cases for machine vision and natural language processingBuild an ML model to predict car damage using TensorFlowDeploy TensorFlow on mobile to convert speech to textImplement GAN to recognize hand-written digitsDevelop end-to-end mobile applications that use AI principlesWork with popular libraries, such as TensorFlow Lite, CoreML, and PyTorchWho this book is for Mobile Artificial Intelligence Projects is for machine learning professionals, deep learning engineers, AI engineers, and software engineers who want to integrate AI technology into mobile-based platforms and applications. Sound knowledge of machine learning and experience with any programming language is all you need to get started with this book.
Practical Deep Learning For Cloud Mobile And Edge
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Author : Anirudh Koul
language : en
Publisher: O'Reilly Media
Release Date : 2019-10-14
Practical Deep Learning For Cloud Mobile And Edge written by Anirudh Koul and has been published by O'Reilly Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-10-14 with Computers categories.
Whether you’re a software engineer aspiring to enter the world of deep learning, a veteran data scientist, or a hobbyist with a simple dream of making the next viral AI app, you might have wondered where to begin. This step-by-step guide teaches you how to build practical deep learning applications for the cloud, mobile, browsers, and edge devices using a hands-on approach. Relying on years of industry experience transforming deep learning research into award-winning applications, Anirudh Koul, Siddha Ganju, and Meher Kasam guide you through the process of converting an idea into something that people in the real world can use. Train, tune, and deploy computer vision models with Keras, TensorFlow, Core ML, and TensorFlow Lite Develop AI for a range of devices including Raspberry Pi, Jetson Nano, and Google Coral Explore fun projects, from Silicon Valley’s Not Hotdog app to 40+ industry case studies Simulate an autonomous car in a video game environment and build a miniature version with reinforcement learning Use transfer learning to train models in minutes Discover 50+ practical tips for maximizing model accuracy and speed, debugging, and scaling to millions of users
Efficient Processing Of Deep Neural Networks
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Author : Vivienne Sze
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2022-05-31
Efficient Processing Of Deep Neural Networks written by Vivienne Sze and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-05-31 with Technology & Engineering categories.
This book provides a structured treatment of the key principles and techniques for enabling efficient processing of deep neural networks (DNNs). DNNs are currently widely used for many artificial intelligence (AI) applications, including computer vision, speech recognition, and robotics. While DNNs deliver state-of-the-art accuracy on many AI tasks, it comes at the cost of high computational complexity. Therefore, techniques that enable efficient processing of deep neural networks to improve key metrics—such as energy-efficiency, throughput, and latency—without sacrificing accuracy or increasing hardware costs are critical to enabling the wide deployment of DNNs in AI systems. The book includes background on DNN processing; a description and taxonomy of hardware architectural approaches for designing DNN accelerators; key metrics for evaluating and comparing different designs; features of DNN processing that are amenable to hardware/algorithm co-design to improve energy efficiency and throughput; and opportunities for applying new technologies. Readers will find a structured introduction to the field as well as formalization and organization of key concepts from contemporary work that provide insights that may spark new ideas.
Deep Learning Systems
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Author : Andres Rodriguez
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2022-05-31
Deep Learning Systems written by Andres Rodriguez and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-05-31 with Technology & Engineering categories.
This book describes deep learning systems: the algorithms, compilers, and processor components to efficiently train and deploy deep learning models for commercial applications. The exponential growth in computational power is slowing at a time when the amount of compute consumed by state-of-the-art deep learning (DL) workloads is rapidly growing. Model size, serving latency, and power constraints are a significant challenge in the deployment of DL models for many applications. Therefore, it is imperative to codesign algorithms, compilers, and hardware to accelerate advances in this field with holistic system-level and algorithm solutions that improve performance, power, and efficiency. Advancing DL systems generally involves three types of engineers: (1) data scientists that utilize and develop DL algorithms in partnership with domain experts, such as medical, economic, or climate scientists; (2) hardware designers that develop specialized hardware to accelerate the components in the DL models; and (3) performance and compiler engineers that optimize software to run more efficiently on a given hardware. Hardware engineers should be aware of the characteristics and components of production and academic models likely to be adopted by industry to guide design decisions impacting future hardware. Data scientists should be aware of deployment platform constraints when designing models. Performance engineers should support optimizations across diverse models, libraries, and hardware targets. The purpose of this book is to provide a solid understanding of (1) the design, training, and applications of DL algorithms in industry; (2) the compiler techniques to map deep learning code to hardware targets; and (3) the critical hardware features that accelerate DL systems. This book aims to facilitate co-innovation for the advancement of DL systems. It is written for engineers working in one or more of these areas who seek to understand the entire system stack in order to better collaborate with engineers working in other parts of the system stack. The book details advancements and adoption of DL models in industry, explains the training and deployment process, describes the essential hardware architectural features needed for today's and future models, and details advances in DL compilers to efficiently execute algorithms across various hardware targets. Unique in this book is the holistic exposition of the entire DL system stack, the emphasis on commercial applications, and the practical techniques to design models and accelerate their performance. The author is fortunate to work with hardware, software, data scientist, and research teams across many high-technology companies with hyperscale data centers. These companies employ many of the examples and methods provided throughout the book.
Artificial Intelligence For Dummies
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Author : John Paul Mueller
language : en
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Release Date : 2021-10-25
Artificial Intelligence For Dummies written by John Paul Mueller and has been published by John Wiley & Sons this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-10-25 with Computers categories.
Forget far-away dreams of the future. Artificial intelligence is here now! Every time you use a smart device or some sort of slick technology—be it a smartwatch, smart speaker, security alarm, or even customer service chat box—you’re engaging with artificial intelligence (AI). If you’re curious about how AI is developed—or question whether AI is real—Artificial Intelligence For Dummies holds the answers you’re looking for. Starting with a basic definition of AI and explanations of data use, algorithms, special hardware, and more, this reference simplifies this complex topic for anyone who wants to understand what operates the devices we can’t live without. This book will help you: Separate the reality of artificial intelligence from the hype Know what artificial intelligence can accomplish and what its limits are Understand how AI speeds up data gathering and analysis to help you make informed decisions more quickly See how AI is being used in hardware applications like drones, robots, and vehicles Know where AI could be used in space, medicine, and communication fields sooner than you think Almost 80 percent of the devices you interact with every day depend on some sort of AI. And although you don’t need to understand AI to operate your smart speaker or interact with a bot, you’ll feel a little smarter—dare we say more intelligent—when you know what’s going on behind the scenes. So don’t wait. Pick up this popular guide to unlock the secrets of AI today!