Default Causal Reasoning
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Default Causal Reasoning
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Author : Honghua Gan
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1993
Default Causal Reasoning written by Honghua Gan and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1993 with categories.
Default Reasoning
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Author : Hector Geffner
language : en
Publisher: Mit Press
Release Date : 1992
Default Reasoning written by Hector Geffner and has been published by Mit Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1992 with Artificial intelligence categories.
a powerful default-handling system that yields an intuitive behavior in several domains of interest in AI, including inheritance hierarchies, reasoning about change, general logic programs, and abductive reasoning Defaults in commonsense reasoning permit the generation of useful predictions in the absence of complete information. However, attempts to represent and reason with defaults in Al run into the problem of spurious arguments, arguments that rely on acceptable defaults but which support unacceptable conclusions. Geffner addresses this problem by analyzing the causal and conditional aspects of default, establishing clear theoretical limits on the capabilities of probabilistic approaches. He provides new insights into the nature of defaults, and new methods of processing databases containing default expressions. The result is a powerful default-handling system that yields an intuitive behavior in several domains of interest in AI, including inheritance hierarchies, reasoning about change, general logic programs, and abductive reasoning. Geffner develops an axiomatic system based on a probabilistic and a model-theoretic semantics in which defaults are regarded as assertions whose truth or likelihood is bound to a particular context. He contrasts these conditional interpretations with standard extensional interpretations, and notes that while the former properly resolve arguments of different "specificity," the latter properly account for arguments involving "independence" assumptions. Geffner then combines the best features of both interpretations into a more powerful account of default reasoning which he calls conditional entailment. Conditional entailment is based on an ordering of defaults extracted from the knowledge base and can be computed by an elegant argument system, in which arguments of different strength interact, and strongest arguments "win." This system can be extended with a causal operator and suitable coherence considerations to provide an adequate solution to many problems involving causation and abduction. Contents Introduction * A System of Defeasible Inference Based on Probabilities * High Probabilities and Preferential Structures * Irrelevance and Prioritized Preferential Structures * The Causal Dimension: Evidence vs * Explanation * Conclusions * Proofs
Legitimizing Causal Reasoning In Default Logics
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Author : Judea Pearl
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1986
Legitimizing Causal Reasoning In Default Logics written by Judea Pearl and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1986 with Artificial intelligence categories.
Embracing Causality In Default Reasoning
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Author : Judea Pearl
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1986
Embracing Causality In Default Reasoning written by Judea Pearl and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1986 with Artificial intelligence categories.
Causality
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Author : Judea Pearl
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2009-09-14
Causality written by Judea Pearl and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009-09-14 with Computers categories.
Causality offers the first comprehensive coverage of causal analysis in many sciences, including recent advances using graphical methods. Pearl presents a unified account of the probabilistic, manipulative, counterfactual and structural approaches to causation, and devises simple mathematical tools for analyzing the relationships between causal connections, statistical associations, actions and observations. The book will open the way for including causal analysis in the standard curriculum of statistics, artificial intelligence ...
A Logical Theory Of Causality
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Author : Alexander Bochman
language : en
Publisher: MIT Press
Release Date : 2021-08-17
A Logical Theory Of Causality written by Alexander Bochman and has been published by MIT Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-08-17 with Computers categories.
A general formal theory of causal reasoning as a logical study of causal models, reasoning, and inference. In this book, Alexander Bochman presents a general formal theory of causal reasoning as a logical study of causal models, reasoning, and inference, basing it on a supposition that causal reasoning is not a competitor of logical reasoning but its complement for situations lacking logically sufficient data or knowledge. Bochman also explores the relationship of this theory with the popular structural equation approach to causality proposed by Judea Pearl and explores several applications ranging from artificial intelligence to legal theory, including abduction, counterfactuals, actual and proximate causality, dynamic causal models, and reasoning about action and change in artificial intelligence. As logical preparation, before introducing causal concepts, Bochman describes an alternative, situation-based semantics for classical logic that provides a better understanding of what can be captured by purely logical means. He then presents another prerequisite, outlining those parts of a general theory of nonmonotonic reasoning that are relevant to his own theory. These two components provide a logical background for the main, two-tier formalism of the causal calculus that serves as the formal basis of his theory. He presents the main causal formalism of the book as a natural generalization of classical logic that allows for causal reasoning. This provides a formal background for subsequent chapters. Finally, Bochman presents a generalization of causal reasoning to dynamic domains.
Causality And Causal Modelling In The Social Sciences
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Author : Federica Russo
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2008-09-18
Causality And Causal Modelling In The Social Sciences written by Federica Russo and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008-09-18 with Social Science categories.
This investigation into causal modelling presents the rationale of causality, i.e. the notion that guides causal reasoning in causal modelling. It is argued that causal models are regimented by a rationale of variation, nor of regularity neither invariance, thus breaking down the dominant Human paradigm. The notion of variation is shown to be embedded in the scheme of reasoning behind various causal models. It is also shown to be latent – yet fundamental – in many philosophical accounts. Moreover, it has significant consequences for methodological issues: the warranty of the causal interpretation of causal models, the levels of causation, the characterisation of mechanisms, and the interpretation of probability. This book offers a novel philosophical and methodological approach to causal reasoning in causal modelling and provides the reader with the tools to be up to date about various issues causality rises in social science.
Bayesian Nets And Causality Philosophical And Computational Foundations
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Author : Jon Williamson
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2004-12-23
Bayesian Nets And Causality Philosophical And Computational Foundations written by Jon Williamson and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2004-12-23 with Philosophy categories.
Bayesian nets are widely used in artificial intelligence as a calculus for causal reasoning, enabling machines to make predictions, perform diagnoses, take decisions and even to discover causal relationships. But many philosophers have criticised and ultimately rejected the central assumption on which such work is based - the Causal Markov Condition. So should Bayesian nets be abandoned? What explains their success in artificial intelligence? This book argues that the Causal Markov Condition holds as a default rule: it often holds but may need to be repealed in the face of counterexamples. Thus Bayesian nets are the right tool to use by default but naively applying them can lead to problems. The book develops a systematic account of causal reasoning and shows how Bayesian nets can be coherently employed to automate the reasoning processes of an artificial agent. The resulting framework for causal reasoning involves not only new algorithms but also new conceptual foundations. Probability and causality are treated as mental notions - part of an agent's belief state. Yet probability and causality are also objective - different agents with the same background knowledge ought to adopt the same or similar probabilistic and causal beliefs. This book, aimed at researchers and graduate students in computer science, mathematics and philosophy, provides a general introduction to these philosophical views as well as an exposition of the computational techniques that they motivate.
Reasoning About Change
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Author : Yoav Shoham
language : en
Publisher: MIT Press (MA)
Release Date : 1988
Reasoning About Change written by Yoav Shoham and has been published by MIT Press (MA) this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1988 with Computers categories.
Reasoning About Change presents a comprehensive approach to temporal reasoning in artificial intelligence.
Making A Difference
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Author : Helen Beebee
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2017
Making A Difference written by Helen Beebee and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017 with Philosophy categories.
Making a Difference presents fifteen original essays on causation and counterfactuals by an international team of experts. Collectively, they represent the state of the art on these topics. The essays in this volume are inspired by the life and work of Peter Menzies, who made a difference in the lives of students, colleagues, and friends. Topics covered include: the semantics of counterfactuals, agency theories of causation, the context-sensitivity of causal claims, structural equation models, mechanisms, mental causation, causal exclusion argument, free will, and the consequence argument.