Deficit Irrigation For Wheat Cultivation Under Limited Water Supply Condition
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Deficit Irrigation For Wheat Cultivation Under Limited Water Supply Condition
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Author : Hossain Ali
language : en
Publisher: Universal-Publishers
Release Date : 2008-11
Deficit Irrigation For Wheat Cultivation Under Limited Water Supply Condition written by Hossain Ali and has been published by Universal-Publishers this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008-11 with Health & Fitness categories.
Vertical and horizontal expansion of irrigated agriculture to feed the increasing population has contributed to excessive groundwater withdrawal and affected the availability of water in terms of both quality and quantity. To sustain agricultural growth, strategic measures should be adopted to reduce water consumption while minimizing adverse effect on yield. The effect of deficit irrigation on wheat yield was studied in three consecutive years (2002-03 to 2004-05) in field and pot. Ten irrigation treatments were imposed in a randomized complete block (RCB) design covering full deficit, no deficit at all, single deficit at different stages, and alternate deficits. Water deficit was created by withholding irrigation at different growth stages. The results indicate that deficit irrigation strategies affected all aspects of plant growth (leaf area index, chlorophyll content, root growth, nutrient uptake, plant height) adversely. Yield attributes were affected by deficit irrigation treatments although they are not statistically significant in all cases. Differences in grain and straw yield among the partial- and no-deficit treatments were small, and statistically insignificant in most cases. When compared within single-deficit treatments, the grain yield reduction was in the order to water deficit at phases: CRI> maximum tillering > booting - heading >flowering- soft dough. The crop coefficient (kc) under different ET0 methods for early, crop development, middle, and late period ranged from 0.54 to 0.96, 0.95 to 1.36, 1.2 to 1.62, and 0.68 to 1.05, respectively. On average, yield response factor (ky) for early, maximum tillering, booting-heading, and flowering-soft dough stages was 0.27, 0.21, 0.25, and 0.17, respectively. The sensitivity index (?i, of Jensen model) for early, vegetative, booting-heading, and flowering-soft dough phases was 0.35, 0.22, 0.31, and 0.14, respectively. From the evaluation of yield, irrigation amount, irrigation water productivity, relative water savings, relative yield reduction, and maximum profit under limited water resource condition, it can be concluded that when limited quantities of water is available, preference should be given to irrigate first at CRI (if one irrigation is available), then at CRI and booting-heading (if two irrigations are available), and next at CRI, maximum tillering and booting-heading (if three irrigations are available) stages of growth.
Deficit Irrigation Practices
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Author : Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
language : en
Publisher: Food & Agriculture Org.
Release Date : 2002
Deficit Irrigation Practices written by Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and has been published by Food & Agriculture Org. this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2002 with Technology & Engineering categories.
In the context of improving water productivity, there is a growing interest in deficit irrigation, an irrigation practice whereby water supply is reduced below maximum levels and mild stress is allowed with minimal effects on yield. Under conditions of scarce water supply and drought, deficit irrigation can lead to greater economic gains than maximizing yields per unit of water for a given crop; farmers are more inclined to use water more efficiently, and more water-efficient cash crop selection helps optimize returns. However, this approach requires precise knowledge of crop response to water as drought tolerance varies considerably by species, cultivar and stage of growth. The studies present the latest research concepts and involve various practices for deficit irrigation. Both annual and perennial crops were exposed to different levels of water stress, either during a particular growth phase, throughout the whole growing season or in a combination of growth stages. The overall finding, based on the synthesis of the different contributions, is that deficit or regulated-deficit irrigation can be beneficial where appropriately applied. Substantial savings of water can be achieved with little impact on the quality and quantity of the harvested yield. However, to be successful, an intimate knowledge of crop behavior is required, as crop response to water stress varies considerably.
Deficit Irrigation Practices
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Author : Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
language : en
Publisher: Food & Agriculture Organization of the UN (FAO)
Release Date : 2002
Deficit Irrigation Practices written by Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and has been published by Food & Agriculture Organization of the UN (FAO) this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2002 with Technology & Engineering categories.
In the context of improving water productivity, there is a growing interest in deficit irrigation, an irrigation practice whereby water supply is reduced below maximum levels and mild stress is allowed with minimal effects on yield. Under conditions of scarce water supply and drought, deficit irrigation can lead to greater economic gains than maximizing yields per unit of water for a given crop; farmers are more inclined to use water more efficiently, and more water-efficient cash crop selection helps optimize returns. However, this approach requires precise knowledge of crop response to water as drought tolerance varies considerably by species, cultivar and stage of growth. The studies present the latest research concepts and involve various practices for deficit irrigation. Both annual and perennial crops were exposed to different levels of water stress, either during a particular growth phase, throughout the whole growing season or in a combination of growth stages. The overall finding, based on the synthesis of the different contributions, is that deficit or regulated-deficit irrigation can be beneficial where appropriately applied. Substantial savings of water can be achieved with little impact on the quality and quantity of the harvested yield. However, to be successful, an intimate knowledge of crop behavior is required, as crop response to water stress varies considerably.
Instant Insights Improving Water Management In Crop Cultivation
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Author : Dr Amir Haghverdi
language : en
Publisher: Burleigh Dodds Science: Instant Insights
Release Date : 2021-12-21
Instant Insights Improving Water Management In Crop Cultivation written by Dr Amir Haghverdi and has been published by Burleigh Dodds Science: Instant Insights this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-12-21 with categories.
This specially curated collection features five reviews of current and key research on improving water management in crop cultivation. The first chapter focuses on site-specific variable rate irrigation systems utilised across agriculture and examines site-specific data acquisition and mining approaches, such as soil mapping and zone delineation. The second chapter considers the main deficit irrigation strategies used in agriculture to improve crop water productivity. It also explores the status of site-specific irrigation management and its role in minimizing agricultural water use. The third chapter reviews progress in winter wheat water management and water-use efficiency (WUE), drawing on long-term field experiments in the U.S. southern Great Plains. It discusses the key relationships between yield, evapotranspiration, WUE and best management practices. The fourth chapter considers the key techniques for improving rice water productivity through enhanced irrigation practices aiming to reduce irrigation water use in rice cultivation, such as the Alternate Wetting and Drying technique. The final chapter examines the main irrigation methods used in dryland sorghum production. It also reviews the relationship between soil properties and irrigation management. What is an Instant Insight? An Instant Insight gives you immediate access to key research on a topic, allowing you to get right to the heart of a subject in an instant and empowering you to contribute to sustainable agriculture.
Water Productivity In Agriculture
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Author : J. W. Kijne
language : en
Publisher: CABI
Release Date : 2003
Water Productivity In Agriculture written by J. W. Kijne and has been published by CABI this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2003 with Crops and water categories.
First title in a major new seriesAddresses improving water productivity to relieve problems of scarcity and competition to provide for food and environmental securityDraws from scientists having a multitude of disciplines to approach this important problemIn a large number of developing countries, policy makers and researchers are increasingly aware of the conflicting demands on water, and look at agriculture to be more effective in its use of water. Focusing on both irrigated and rain-fed agriculture, this book gives a state of the art review of the limits and opportunities for improving water productivity in crop production. It demonstrates how efficiency of water use can be enhanced to maximize yields. The book represents the first in a new series of volumes resulting from the Comprehensive Assessment of Water Management in Agriculture, a research program conducted by the CGIAR's Future Harvest Centres, the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and partners worldwide. It will be of significant interest to those working in areas of soil and crop science, water management, irrigation, and development studies.
Water Scarcity And Sustainable Agriculture In Semiarid Environment
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Author : Ivan Francisco Garcia Tejero
language : en
Publisher: Academic Press
Release Date : 2018-01-03
Water Scarcity And Sustainable Agriculture In Semiarid Environment written by Ivan Francisco Garcia Tejero and has been published by Academic Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-01-03 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Water Scarcity and Sustainable Agriculture in Semiarid Environment: Tools, Strategies and Challenges for Woody Crops explores the complex relationship between water scarcity and climate change, agricultural water-use efficiency, crop-water stress management and modeling water scarcity in woody crops. Understanding these cause- and effect relationships and identifying the most appropriate responses are critical for sustainable crop production. The book focuses on Mediterranean environments to explain how to determine the most appropriate strategy and implement an effective plan; however, core concepts are translational to other regions. Informative for those working in agricultural water management, irrigation and drainage, crop physiology and sustainable agriculture. Focuses on semi-arid crops including olive, vine, citrus, almonds, peach, nectarine, plum, subtropical fruits and others Explores crop physiological responses to drought at plant, cellular and/or molecular levels Presents tool options for assessing crop-water status and irrigation scheduling
Barley
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Author : Steven E. Ullrich
language : en
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Release Date : 2011-01-25
Barley written by Steven E. Ullrich and has been published by John Wiley & Sons this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011-01-25 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Barley is one of the world's most important crops with uses ranging from food and feed production, malting and brewing to its use as a model organism in molecular research. The demand and uses of barley continue to grow and there is a need for an up-to-date comprehensive reference that looks at all aspects of the barley crop from taxonomy and morphology through to end use. Barley will fill this increasing void. Barley will stand as a must have reference for anyone researching, growing, or utilizing this important crop.
Optimal Irrigation Management Under Conditions Of Limited Water Supply
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1986
Optimal Irrigation Management Under Conditions Of Limited Water Supply written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1986 with Irrigation categories.
Improving Irrigated Agriculture In The Fergana Valley
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Author : Heidi Ann Webber
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2008
Improving Irrigated Agriculture In The Fergana Valley written by Heidi Ann Webber and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008 with categories.
Water scarcity and severe environmental degradation are causing water managers in Central Asia to reevaluate irrigation water use. The objective of this research was to investigate cropping systems that could improve food security in rural areas of the Fergana Valley of Uzbekistan given the constraints of limited water, increasing salinization of land resources and a rigid state order system which requires farmers to produce cotton and wheat. Growing short season food legumes after winter wheat harvest using alternate furrow and regulated deficit irrigation is proposed. The WUE of common bean (phaseolus vulgaris) and green gram (vigna radiata) irrigated with deficit and alternate furrow irrigation was evaluated in a field experiment in the Fergana Valley. The results indicate the WUE for both commercial yield and biomass were approximately twice as high for green gram as common bean. Conversely, the water use efficiency for root biomass in common bean (0.15 kg m-3) was slightly higher than green gram (0.13 kg m-3). WUE increased in green gram when deficit irrigation or alternate furrow irrigation were practiced, whereas it remained constant in common bean for all treatment combinations. The different response of the two legumes is explained by examining components of the plant-soil-water system. Both strategies resulted in water savings and reduced crop evaporative consumption, with larger reductions in green gram than common bean. Severely stressed common bean extracted more water at 60 cm than non-stressed plants, whereas severely stressed green gram used less water at all depths. Collectively, the results suggest alternate furrow irrigation and deficit irrigation are appropriate methods to increase WUE, allowing application of less irrigation water, particularly, for green gram production. Use of the FAO's water stress coefficient in predicting evapotranspiration under water limiting conditions appears to over-predict water use for green gram and co.
Fundamentals Of Smallholder Irrigation
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Author : B. Albinson
language : en
Publisher: IWMI
Release Date : 2002
Fundamentals Of Smallholder Irrigation written by B. Albinson and has been published by IWMI this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2002 with Farms, Small categories.
Smallholder irrigation systems–where farm sizes generally range from a fraction of a hectare to 10 hectares–pose special management problems, especially where the water available for irrigation is frequently less than the demand. The intensity of system adjustments required to meet individual farmer demands, and the administrative complexity of measuring and accounting water deliveries have generally proven excessive when attempting to meet “on demand†schedules, resulting in chaos (often characterized by illegal tampering with infrastructure, and vast differences of water use intensity at different locations in the system). The alternative–provision of a simple service, based on proportional sharing of available supplies on the basis of landholdings–has been resilient for many years over vast areas. The approach is based on a clear delineation between the part of the irrigation system that is actively managed (at various flow rates and water levels) and the part of the system that operates either at full supply level (with proportional division of water down to the level at which farmers rotate among their individual farms), or is completely shut. This operational design is known as a “structured†system, and has well-defined hydraulic characteristics, simplifying operation and management, in turn allowing a clearer definition of water entitlements and the responsibilities of agency staff and farmers. The approach is particularly suited to areas where water is scarce and discipline is needed to ration water among users. An additional benefit, which has been demonstrated in modeling studies using a well–proven model relating to water and yield, is that the productivity of water (which is more important than the more traditional productivity of land when water is scarce) is substantially increased when deficit irrigation is practiced–a widely observed and predictable response to rationed water supplies. Structured systems are most suited where water is scarce, clear definition of water entitlements is needed, management capacity is limited, and investment resources are limited. The approach to determining critical aspects of a structured system design is described in this report.