Defining The Government S Debt And Deficit
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Defining The Government S Debt And Deficit
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Author : Mr.Timothy Irwin
language : en
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Release Date : 2015-11-20
Defining The Government S Debt And Deficit written by Mr.Timothy Irwin and has been published by International Monetary Fund this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-11-20 with Business & Economics categories.
Although the budget deficit and the public debt feature prominently in political debate and economic research, there is no agreement about how they should be measured. They can be defined for different sets of public institutions, including the nested sets corresponding to central government, general government, and the public sector, and, for any definition of government, there are many measures of the debt and deficit, including those generated by four kinds of accounts (cash, financial, full accrual, and comprehensive), which can be derived from four nested sets of assets and liabilities. Each debt and deficit measure says something about public finances, but none tells the whole story. Each is also vulnerable to manipulation, and is likely to be manipulated if it is subject to a binding fiscal rule or target. Narrow definitions of government encourage the shifting of spending to entities outside the defined perimeter of government. Narrow definitions of debt and deficit encourage operations involving off-balance-sheets assets and liabilities, while broad measures are susceptible to the mismeasurement of on-balance-sheet assets and liabilities. Reviewing the literature on these issues, the paper concludes that governments should publish several measures of the debt and deficit in a form that clearly reveals their interrelationships.
Defining The Government S Debt And Deficit
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Author : Timothy C. Irwin
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2016
Defining The Government S Debt And Deficit written by Timothy C. Irwin and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016 with categories.
Although the budget deficit and the public debt feature prominently in political debate and economic research, there is no agreement about how they should be measured. They can be defined for different sets of public institutions, including the nested sets corresponding to central government, general government, and the public sector, and, for any definition of government, there are many measures of the debt and deficit, including those generated by four kinds of accounts (cash, financial, full accrual, and comprehensive), which can be derived from four nested sets of assets and liabilities. Each debt and deficit measure says something about public finances, but none tells the whole story. Each is also vulnerable to manipulation, and is likely to be manipulated if it is subject to a binding fiscal rule or target. Narrow definitions of government encourage the shifting of spending to entities outside the defined perimeter of government. Narrow definitions of debt and deficit encourage operations involving off-balance-sheets assets and liabilities, while broad measures are susceptible to the mismeasurement of on-balance-sheet assets and liabilities. Reviewing the literature on these issues, the paper concludes that governments should publish several measures of the debt and deficit in a form that clearly reveals their interrelationships.
Defining The Government S Debt And Deficit
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Author : Mr.Timothy C Irwin
language : zh-CN
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Release Date : 2016-11-17
Defining The Government S Debt And Deficit written by Mr.Timothy C Irwin and has been published by International Monetary Fund this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-11-17 with Business & Economics categories.
Although the budget deficit and the public debt feature prominently in political debate and economic research, there is no agreement about how they should be measured. They can be defined for different sets of public institutions, including the nested sets corresponding to central government, general government, and the public sector, and, for any definition of government, there are many measures of the debt and deficit, including those generated by four kinds of accounts (cash, financial, full accrual, and comprehensive), which can be derived from four nested sets of assets and liabilities. Each debt and deficit measure says something about public finances, but none tells the whole story. Each is also vulnerable to manipulation, and is likely to be manipulated if it is subject to a binding fiscal rule or target. Narrow definitions of government encourage the shifting of spending to entities outside the defined perimeter of government. Narrow definitions of debt and deficit encourage operations involving off-balance-sheets assets and liabilities, while broad measures are susceptible to the mismeasurement of on-balance-sheet assets and liabilities. Reviewing the literature on these issues, the paper concludes that governments should publish several measures of the debt and deficit in a form that clearly reveals their interrelationships.
What We Owe
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Author : Carlo Cottarelli
language : en
Publisher: Brookings Institution Press
Release Date : 2017-09-05
What We Owe written by Carlo Cottarelli and has been published by Brookings Institution Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-09-05 with Business & Economics categories.
The euro crisis, Japan's sluggish economy, and partisan disagreements in the United States about the role of government all have at least one thing in common: worries about high levels of public debt. Nearly everyone agrees that public debt in many advanced economies is too high to be sustainable and must be addressed. There is little agreement, however, about when and how that addressing should be done—or even, in many cases, just how serious the debt problem is. As the former director of the International Monetary Fund's Fiscal Affairs Department, Carlo Cottarelli has helped countries across the globe confront their public finance woes. He also had direct experience in advising his own country, Italy, about its chronic fiscal ailments. In this straightforward, plain-language book, Cottarelli explains how and why excessive public debt can harm economic growth and can lead to crises such as those experienced recently in Italy and several other European countries. But Cottarelli also has some good news: reducing public debt often can be done without trauma and through moderate changes in spending habits that contribute to economic growth. His book focuses on positive remedies that countries can adopt to deal with their public debt, analyzing both the benefits and potential downsides to each approach, as well as suggesting which remedies might be preferable in particular situations. Too often, public debate about public debt is burdened by lies and myths. This book not only explains the basic facts about public debt but also aims to bring truth and reasoned nonpartisan analysis to the debate.
Government Debt
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Author : Fouad Sabry
language : en
Publisher: One Billion Knowledgeable
Release Date : 2024-03-29
Government Debt written by Fouad Sabry and has been published by One Billion Knowledgeable this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2024-03-29 with Business & Economics categories.
What is Government Debt In the context of a nation, the financial liabilities of the government sector are referred to as the gross government debt. Changes in the government's debt over time are generally the result of borrowing money to cover deficits that occurred in the past. When the expenses of a government are more than the receipts, this results in a deficit. There is a possibility that the government owes debt to both local inhabitants and residents of other countries. The amount of money that is owing to people who are not citizens of the country is included in the country's external debt. How you will benefit (I) Insights, and validations about the following topics: Chapter 1: Government debt Chapter 2: Economy of Lebanon Chapter 3: Deficit spending Chapter 4: Government budget balance Chapter 5: National debt of the United States Chapter 6: External debt Chapter 7: Debt monetization Chapter 8: Per capita income Chapter 9: Global debt Chapter 10: Deleveraging Chapter 11: Sovereign default Chapter 12: 1991 Indian economic crisis Chapter 13: Financial position of the United States Chapter 14: Canadian public debt Chapter 15: Greek government-debt crisis Chapter 16: Australian government debt Chapter 17: United Kingdom national debt Chapter 18: Purchasing power parity Chapter 19: Causes of the European debt crisis Chapter 20: Proposed long-term solutions for the eurozone crisis Chapter 21: National debt of China (II) Answering the public top questions about government debt. (III) Real world examples for the usage of government debt in many fields. Who this book is for Professionals, undergraduate and graduate students, enthusiasts, hobbyists, and those who want to go beyond basic knowledge or information for any kind of Government Debt.
Vertical Fiscal Imbalances And The Accumulation Of Government Debt
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Author : Inaki Aldasoro
language : en
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Release Date : 2014-11-20
Vertical Fiscal Imbalances And The Accumulation Of Government Debt written by Inaki Aldasoro and has been published by International Monetary Fund this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-11-20 with Business & Economics categories.
Delegating fiscal decision making power to sub-national governments has been an area of interest for both academics and policymakers given the expectation that it may lead to better and more efficient provision of public goods and services. Decentralization has, however, often occurred on the expenditure and less on the revenue side, creating “vertical fiscal imbalances” where sub-national governments’ expenditures are not financed through their own revenues. The mismatch between own revenues and expenditures may have consequences for public finance performance. This study constructs a large sample of general and subnational level fiscal data beginning in 1980 from the IMF’s Government Finance Statistics Yearbook. Extending the literature to the balance sheet approach, this paper examines the effects of vertical fiscal imbalances on government debt. The results indicate that vertical fiscal imbalances are relevant in explaining government debt accumulation suggesting a degree of caution when promoting fiscal decentralization. This paper also underlines the role of data covering the general government and its subectors for comprehensive analysis of fiscal performance.
Federal Debt
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Author : Paul L. Posner
language : en
Publisher: DIANE Publishing
Release Date : 2000-07
Federal Debt written by Paul L. Posner and has been published by DIANE Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2000-07 with Business & Economics categories.
The unified budget of the federal government is projected to have a surplus for at least a decade. However, large annual budget deficits over the past 2 decades sharply increased the total amount of debt owed to the public and its associated annual interest payments. This report presents current information on the federal debt, including how debt is defined and measured; who holds federal debt; how much it has grown in recent years; and its significance to the nat. economy. Information is provided in a clear, concise and easily understandable manner for a nontechnical audience. Includes a short bibliography for readers who are interested in more detailed information.
A Nation In Debt
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Author : Richard H. Fink
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1987
A Nation In Debt written by Richard H. Fink and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1987 with Budget categories.
Fiscal Deficits Public Debt And Sovereign Bond Yields
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Author : Mr.Manmohan S. Kumar
language : en
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Release Date : 2010-08-01
Fiscal Deficits Public Debt And Sovereign Bond Yields written by Mr.Manmohan S. Kumar and has been published by International Monetary Fund this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010-08-01 with Business & Economics categories.
The recent sharp increase in fiscal deficits and government debt in many countries raises questions regarding their impact on long-term sovereign bond yields. While economic theory suggests that this impact is likely to be adverse, empirical results have been less clear cut, have generally ignored nonlinear effects of deficits and debt through some other key determinants of yields, and have been mostly confined to advanced economies. This paper reexamines the impact of fiscal deficits and public debt on long-term interest rates during 1980 - 2008, taking into account a wide range of country-specific factors, for a panel of 31 advanced and emerging market economies. It finds that higher deficits and public debt lead to a significant increase in long-term interest rates, with the precise magnitude dependent on initial fiscal, institutional and other structural conditions, as well as spillovers from global financial markets. Taking into account these factors suggests that large fiscal deficits and public debts are likely to put substantial upward pressures on sovereign bond yields in many advanced economies over the medium term.
Federal Debt
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Author : United States. General Accounting Office
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1996
Federal Debt written by United States. General Accounting Office and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1996 with Budget deficits categories.
Articles, reports, and books on the federal debt and its effects tend to be complex and technical. As a result, the public frequently misunderstands these issues. For example, people often forget that even if Congress and the President agree to balance the annual budget within the next several years, the federal debt will continue to grow until balance is actually achieved. Although declining deficits and, ultimately, balanced budgets could reduce the debt as a share of the economy, the debt will not decline unless there is a budget surplus. This document responds to frequently asked questions about the federal debt, deficits, and interest rates. GAO organizes these questions into three sections: (1) trends in the federal debt, deficits, and interest; (2) sales and ownership of federal debt; and (3) effects of the federal debt. For readers who are interested in more detailed information on these topics, GAO includes a short bibliography.