Delivery Of Vaccines And Therapeutics To Treat Infectious Diseases
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Delivery Of Vaccines And Therapeutics To Treat Infectious Diseases
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Author : Tarik Ali Khan
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2012
Delivery Of Vaccines And Therapeutics To Treat Infectious Diseases written by Tarik Ali Khan and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012 with categories.
Efficient delivery of vaccines and therapeutic agents in vivo is a critical aspect for ensuring a desired immunological or biological response is achieved. This work focuses on developing effective delivery systems for vaccines and therapeutics to achieve biological potency while maintaining patient friendly administration. Traditional vaccines are administered via parenteral injection, which requires skilled personnel for administration and does not elicit strong mucosal immune responses. An alternative approach is to develop an oral vaccine; however, this requires antigens to be protected during transit through the gastrointestinal tract and be transported across specialized intestinal sampling cells called M cells. These M cells are extremely rare, making them an important target for oral vaccines. The protein invasin, from Yersinia psuedotuberculosis, naturally binds [mathematical symbols] integrin, a receptor found exclusively on M cells within the gastrointestinal tract. Therefore, we generated combinatorial libraries of invasin, followed by a directed evolution and high-throughput screening strategy to identify invasin variants with increased affinity towards [mathematical symbols] integrin. This process led to the creation of an invasin variant exhibiting a nine-fold decrease in EC50, which could be used for targeted oral vaccine systems. In order to test for increased vaccine efficacy due to the engineered invasin ligand, we developed a polymeric microparticle delivery system. These microparticles were formulated to encapsulate the model antigen ovalbumin and be decorated with the invasin targeting ligands. To measure physiological trafficking and intestinal retention, novel fluorescent nanocrystals were loaded into particles conjugated to invasin. These nanocrystals served as a contrast agent for in vivo imaging in mice. While these particles were unsuccessful in generating an antibody response toward ovalbumin when administered to mice, a response directed to the targeting ligand itself was observed. These findings provide insights for further optimizing a delivery system for oral vaccination. In addition to developing an oral vaccine delivery system, we created a high concentration therapeutic protein formulation, suitable for low-volume subcutaneous administration. By adding crowding agents, we were able to generate reversible protein nanoclusters with low viscosity. These nanoclusters were found to revert to monomer upon dilution and pharmacokinetic profiles similar to solutions.
Nanomedicines For The Prevention And Treatment Of Infectious Diseases
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Author : Vandana B. Patravale
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2023-12-02
Nanomedicines For The Prevention And Treatment Of Infectious Diseases written by Vandana B. Patravale and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-12-02 with Medical categories.
The COVID-19 pandemic has altered the world and reiterated the perpetual need for the development of effective strategies for the prevention and treatment of infectious diseases. While globally prevalent infectious diseases receive extensive attention in terms of drug development and delivery, the neglected and/or emerging infectious diseases that affect developing countries are often overlooked. Additionally, the therapeutic efficacy of existing anti-infective agents is often limited due to sub-optimal biopharmaceutical properties, sub-therapeutic levels of the drugs at the infection site due to various physiological barriers, the expulsion of the drug by efflux transporters, and the emergence of drug-resistant strains. From the commercialization of AmBisome® to the emergency authorization of mRNA-based vaccines, nanotechnology has played a vital role in the prevention and treatment of infectious diseases. More importantly, nanotechnology has enabled the effective utilization of existing armamentarium against infectious diseases leading to improved therapeutic outcomes with a concomitant reduction in the side effects associated with anti-infective agents. In particular, nanotechnology can bring about a paradigm shift in the management of neglected and emerging infectious diseases and may compensate for the lack of drug discovery efforts. While there are several books dedicated to pharmaceutical and/or biomedical applications of nanotechnology or nanotechnology for cancer therapy a comprehensive book focusing on the prevention and/or treatment of viral, bacterial, fungal, and parasitic infections is not available. This book addresses an unmet need in pharmaceutical and medical education. This book provides a comprehensive and up-to-date overview of the latest advancements in nanomedicine, which show great potential for preventing and treating infectious diseases. Covering a wide range of topics, it explores various formulation strategies for combating microbial, fungal, parasitic, and viral infections. The book emphasizes the advantages of nano-scale vaccines over traditional ones and discusses their production. It also examines feasible treatment approaches for diseases like malaria, trypanosomiasis, candidiasis, Hepatitis B, HIV, and the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. Additionally, it highlights the role of nano-adjuvants in vaccine development, as well as the use of peptide antibiotics and pulmonary delivery of drugs, which open up new possibilities in fighting infectious diseases. Furthermore, the book explores the critical role of nanomedicine in addressing veterinary parasitic infections. The emergence of nanotechnology has led to novel strategies for diagnosing, treating, and preventing parasitic infections in animals. In summary, this book offers a comprehensive description of clinically viable and investigational nanotechnology-enabled medicines (nanomedicines) for the prevention and treatment of globally prevalent, neglected, and emerging infectious diseases.
Therapeutic Vaccines As Novel Immunotherapy
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Author : Hironori Nakagami
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2019-11-11
Therapeutic Vaccines As Novel Immunotherapy written by Hironori Nakagami and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-11-11 with Medical categories.
This book offers an excellent introduction to the use of novel therapeutic vaccines for common diseases based on their ability to induce antibody production. While the role of vaccines in the treatment of infectious diseases and cancer is well known, vaccines have also recently been developed for a variety of other conditions, including Alzheimer’s disease, hypertension, diabetes, and spondyloarthritis. These therapeutic advances are fully and clearly documented by acknowledged experts in the field, who explain the relevant biology and highlight the challenges involved in deploying this treatment approach effectively and safely. In addition, recent progress in the construction and delivery of DNA vaccines is documented, and the process of developing new peptide vaccines is explored in depth. While the book will be particularly valuable for researchers and scholars interested in immunotherapy, it will also appeal to clinicians seeking effective new medicines to treat patients suffering from chronic diseases.
Immunotherapeutic And Immunoprophylactic Strategies For Infectious Diseases
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Author : Giuseppe Andrea Sautto
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2020-10-28
Immunotherapeutic And Immunoprophylactic Strategies For Infectious Diseases written by Giuseppe Andrea Sautto and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-10-28 with Medical categories.
Pharmaceutical Biotechnology
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Author : Daan J. A. Crommelin
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2002-11-14
Pharmaceutical Biotechnology written by Daan J. A. Crommelin and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2002-11-14 with Medical categories.
The field of pharmaceutical biotechnology is evolving rapidly. A whole new arsenal of protein pharmaceuticals is being produced by recombinant techniques for cancer, viral infections, cardiovascular and hereditary disorders, and other diseases. In addition, scientists are confronted with new technologies such as polymerase chain reactions, combinatorial chemistry and gene therapy. This introductory textbook provides extensive coverage of both the basic science and the applications of biotechnology-produced pharmaceuticals, with special emphasis on their clinical use. Pharmaceutical Biotechnology serves as a complete one-stop source for undergraduate pharmacists, and it is valuable for researchers and professionals in the pharmaceutical industry as well.
Mrna Therapeutics
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Author : Anya Hillery
language : en
Publisher: Academic Press
Release Date : 2024-09-01
Mrna Therapeutics written by Anya Hillery and has been published by Academic Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2024-09-01 with Medical categories.
mRNA Therapeutics: Foundations, Innovations, and Clinical Applications summarizes the scientific development of mRNA vaccines that have revolutionized the way we treat disease. This approach has the potential to treat a wide range of diseases, including COVID-19, cancer, and infectious diseases. The first section of the book introduces mRNA vaccines, including their history, mechanism of action, and potential applications. The second section delves into the science of mRNA vaccines, covering topics such as the structure of mRNA, the delivery of mRNA to cells, and the immune response to mRNA vaccines. The third section discusses the future of mRNA technology, exploring potential applications such as cancer therapy, prevention of infectious diseases, and replacement of missing or damaged proteins. This is a valuable resource for scientists, researchers, and clinicians who are interested in the latest developments in mRNA technology. It is also a useful reference for students and professionals who are working in the fields of biotechnology, pharmaceutical science, and vaccine development.
Saving Lives Buying Time
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Author : Institute of Medicine
language : en
Publisher: National Academies Press
Release Date : 2004-09-09
Saving Lives Buying Time written by Institute of Medicine and has been published by National Academies Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2004-09-09 with Medical categories.
For more than 50 years, low-cost antimalarial drugs silently saved millions of lives and cured billions of debilitating infections. Today, however, these drugs no longer work against the deadliest form of malaria that exists throughout the world. Malaria deaths in sub-Saharan Africaâ€"currently just over one million per yearâ€"are rising because of increased resistance to the old, inexpensive drugs. Although effective new drugs called "artemisinins" are available, they are unaffordable for the majority of the affected population, even at a cost of one dollar per course. Saving Lives, Buying Time: Economics of Malaria Drugs in an Age of Resistance examines the history of malaria treatments, provides an overview of the current drug crisis, and offers recommendations on maximizing access to and effectiveness of antimalarial drugs. The book finds that most people in endemic countries will not have access to currently effective combination treatments, which should include an artemisinin, without financing from the global community. Without funding for effective treatment, malaria mortality could double over the next 10 to 20 years and transmission will intensify.
Lipid Nanoparticle Messenger Rna Formulations Against Infections
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Author : Xucheng Hou
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2022
Lipid Nanoparticle Messenger Rna Formulations Against Infections written by Xucheng Hou and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022 with Messenger RNA categories.
The rapid development and successful application of messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccines to ameliorate the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic highlight the potential of mRNA therapeutics to prevent and treat infectious diseases. To further facilitate the clinical translation of mRNA therapeutics, additional efforts are required to optimize targeted delivery systems, mRNA stability, manufacturing costs, and applications beyond severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccines. The objective of this dissertation is to develop novel lipid nanoparticle (LNP)-mRNA formulations against bacterial and viral infections via synthesis of effective delivery materials to engineer macrophages, de novo design of mRNA structures to improve the stability and translational efficiency, and optimization of long-term storage conditions of LNP-mRNA formulations. Chapter 1 briefly reviews the strategies for optimizing mRNA structures, the representative LNPs for mRNA delivery, and the applications of LNP-mRNA formulations in infectious diseases. Chapter 2 demonstrates that the adoptive transfer of macrophages pre-storing antimicrobial peptides in their lysosomes (MACs) can be used to treat sepsis induced by multidrug-resistant bacteria. The MACs were constructed by ex vivo engineering with vitamin C LNPs encapsulating antimicrobial peptide linked cathepsin B (AMP-CatB) mRNA. The AMP-CatB mRNA enabled the accumulation of AMPs in macrophage lysosomes, a crucial organelle for bactericidal activities. In vivo data revealed that the adoptive MAC transfer reduced bacterial burden, resulting in the complete recovery of septic mice with immunosuppression. Chapter 3 describes the development of a COVID-19 vaccine candidate with optimized untranslated regions (UTRs) in mRNA. After bioinformatics analysis and de novo design of the UTRs, the optimal combination of 5’ and 3’ UTRs was identified and named as NASAR, which increased five to ten-fold mRNA translation compared to wild type UTRs. Next, a COVID-19 vaccine candidate was developed by formulating NASAR mRNA encoding SARS-CoV-2 antigens with N1, N3, N5-tris(3-(didodecylamino)propyl)benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxamide (TT3) LNPs. After a prime-boost vaccination, the vaccine induced strong spike-specific antibody responses in animal models. Chapter 4 investigates the conditions for long-term storage of LNP-mRNA formulations. The stability of TT3 LNPs was evaluated under freezing or lyophilization conditions with a series of concentrations of cryoprotectants (sucrose, trehalose, or mannitol). Through evaluating the in vitro and in vivo mRNA delivery efficacy, we identified that the supplement with 5% (w/v) sucrose or trehalose to TT3 LNPs maintained the mRNA delivery efficacy for three months under the liquid nitrogen storage condition. Collectively, these results demonstrate that LNP-mRNA formulations are promising tools for preventing and treating infections with clinical transferability.
Disease Control Priorities Third Edition Volume 6
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Author : King K. Holmes
language : en
Publisher: World Bank Publications
Release Date : 2017-11-06
Disease Control Priorities Third Edition Volume 6 written by King K. Holmes and has been published by World Bank Publications this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-11-06 with Medical categories.
Infectious diseases are the leading cause of death globally, particularly among children and young adults. The spread of new pathogens and the threat of antimicrobial resistance pose particular challenges in combating these diseases. Major Infectious Diseases identifies feasible, cost-effective packages of interventions and strategies across delivery platforms to prevent and treat HIV/AIDS, other sexually transmitted infections, tuberculosis, malaria, adult febrile illness, viral hepatitis, and neglected tropical diseases. The volume emphasizes the need to effectively address emerging antimicrobial resistance, strengthen health systems, and increase access to care. The attainable goals are to reduce incidence, develop innovative approaches, and optimize existing tools in resource-constrained settings.
Treating Infectious Diseases In A Microbial World
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Author : National Research Council
language : en
Publisher: National Academies Press
Release Date : 2006-01-03
Treating Infectious Diseases In A Microbial World written by National Research Council and has been published by National Academies Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2006-01-03 with Medical categories.
Humans coexist with millions of harmless microorganisms, but emerging diseases, resistance to antibiotics, and the threat of bioterrorism are forcing scientists to look for new ways to confront the microbes that do pose a danger. This report identifies innovative approaches to the development of antimicrobial drugs and vaccines based on a greater understanding of how the human immune system interacts with both good and bad microbes. The report concludes that the development of a single superdrug to fight all infectious agents is unrealistic.