Demand For Private Supplementary Tutoring In China

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Demand For Private Supplementary Tutoring In China

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Author : Junyan Liu
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2023-05-29

Demand For Private Supplementary Tutoring In China written by Junyan Liu and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-05-29 with Education categories.

This book combines the ideologies of parentocracy and consumer theory as theoretical lenses to view the private supplementary tutoring, also known as shadow education, with a focus on the demand at primary and lower secondary levels in China. It first explains parents’ motivations of seeking private tutoring and their decision-making dynamics, and then explores the evolving micro-level process of demand that has changed over time. It further investigates how demand for private tutoring varies across parental socioeconomic status. This book also discusses parents’ attitudes towards the Double Reduction policy and corresponding changes in their demand for tutoring. It concludes with some implications for regulating private tutoring and for improving school education. This book has pertinence in other countries as well as in China. Unpacking the demand for tutoring improves understanding of the global expansion and changing shapes of the phenomenon. Researchers, educational policy-makers, teachers, tutors, consultants, and other educational practitioners interested in the topic of private tutoring will find this work thought-provoking, instructive and informative.

Private Tutoring Entrepreneurs In China

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Author : Li Jun
language : en
Publisher: Taylor & Francis
Release Date : 2025-09-12

Private Tutoring Entrepreneurs In China written by Li Jun and has been published by Taylor & Francis this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2025-09-12 with Education categories.

Embarking on a captivating journey into the heart of private tutoring entrepreneurship in China’s bustling Chongqing region, Li Jun unveils the untold stories of private tutoring entrepreneurs, exploring their sensemaking processes through Karl Weick’s theory of organizing. With rich narrative inquiry, the book delves into the strategies, challenges, and triumphs of private tutoring entrepreneurs, offering invaluable insights into the dynamic landscape of the industry. From the strategic use of guanxi connections to the impact of critical events, each chapter uncovers a new layer of understanding on the endeavors of private tutoring entrepreneurs. The book is interdisciplinary in nature, bridging the spheres of education, entrepreneurship, and organizational studies, shedding light on the intersection between literature on education entrepreneurship and education privatization. It also offers a distinct perspective on understanding how such private tutoring entrepreneurs navigate sensemaking processes within various social cognitive contexts. As a whole, this book offers a compelling glimpse into the fascinating world of private tutoring entrepreneurship in one of China’s most vibrant cities. The book is an essential read for researchers and academics in the fields of education, entrepreneurship, educational management, and social sciences. It also provides actionable guidance for aspiring entrepreneurs, policymakers, parents, and educators, making it a viable resource for anyone seeking to navigate the complexities of the private tutoring industry.

Adverse Effects Of Private Supplementary Tutoring

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Author : Mark Bray
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2003

Adverse Effects Of Private Supplementary Tutoring written by Mark Bray and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2003 with Domestic education categories.

Analyzes government responses to private tutoring, with references to the cases of Mauritius, Hong Kong, Singapore, Taiwan, and the Republic of Korea.

Private Supplementary Tutoring Received By Grade 9 Students In Chongqing China

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Author : Anderson Cancer Center Texas Wei Zhang
language : en
Publisher: Open Dissertation Press
Release Date : 2017-01-26

Private Supplementary Tutoring Received By Grade 9 Students In Chongqing China written by Anderson Cancer Center Texas Wei Zhang and has been published by Open Dissertation Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-01-26 with categories.

This dissertation, "Private Supplementary Tutoring Received by Grade 9 Students in Chongqing, China: Determinants of Demand, and Policy Implications" by Wei, Zhang, 張薇, was obtained from The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong) and is being sold pursuant to Creative Commons: Attribution 3.0 Hong Kong License. The content of this dissertation has not been altered in any way. We have altered the formatting in order to facilitate the ease of printing and reading of the dissertation. All rights not granted by the above license are retained by the author. Abstract: This study examines multilevel factors that drive the demand for private supplementary tutoring among Grade 9 students in Mainland China. As in other parts of the world, private supplementary tutoring in academic subjects has become a major phenomenon in Mainland China. The growing demand is associated with the combined effect of factors at the system, institutional, household, and individual levels. The thesis draws on data collected through a mixed-methods approach in Chongqing which, with a population of 29 million, is the largest of China's semi-autonomous municipalities. Three major steps were taken to serve the purpose of the research. First, the author analyzed questionnaire responses from students and parents about the features of tutoring received by the sampled students and related factors. Second, descriptive statistics were analyzed to speculate on the links between background factors of the sampled students and their participation in tutoring. Binary logistic regression was further performed to assess the most significant determinants of the probability of participation, using the background factors as predictors. Third, on the basis of the above, data collected through interviews and case studies with various stakeholders were analyzed to explain how factors at multiple levels shaped the demand patterns. The findings allowed the thesis to develop a model of key determinants of demand for tutoring. The model includes macro-level factors such as educational policies, high-stakes examinations, and the traditions of a Confucian culture. At the institutional level, school type was the strongest predictor of participation. Students sampled in the key schools in the metropolitan area were about five times more likely to receive tutoring than those in the remote rural schools. At the household and individual levels, the students' socioeconomic status and academic aspirations had significant and positive effects on their likelihood of receiving tutoring. According to the study, over 90% of the students receiving tutoring were tutored by mainstream teachers. This feature, which reflected both students' demand for tutoring and teachers' desires to supply it, shaped power relations in the schools. The links between power relations and the patterns of demand for tutoring were investigated through social theories on power bases. The thesis contributes to research in a wider context by refining understanding of the nature of shadow education and by developing theories on the demand for tutoring from a Chinese perspective. It documents teachers' involvement in private tutoring through the lens of power relations. The research findings have practical implications for policymakers and planners, school leaders, and families in making educational decisions. DOI: 10.5353/th_b5177326 Subjects: Tutors and tutoring - China - Chongqing

Out Of The Shadows

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Author : Janice Aurini
language : en
Publisher: Emerald Group Publishing
Release Date : 2013-10-14

Out Of The Shadows written by Janice Aurini and has been published by Emerald Group Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-10-14 with Education categories.

This book draws attention to supplementary education, which is growing in many parts of the world, but often goes unrecognized for what it is: a hidden form of privatized education. It provides 'big picture' analyses to comparatively explain the intensity, authority and policy contexts of supplementary education

Managing Legitimacy

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Author : Zhen Tao
language : en
Publisher: Taylor & Francis
Release Date : 2024-12-31

Managing Legitimacy written by Zhen Tao and has been published by Taylor & Francis this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2024-12-31 with Social Science categories.

From an out-of-school perspective, the book studies private supplementary tutoring, also widely known as shadow education within the Chinese education landscape. The author presents an organizational ethnography of Smart English, a private English tutoring center in Beijing. Using the concept of “organizational legitimacy” from organizational institutionalism as its framework, the study provides a detailed account of the center’s daily operations. It examines how the organization manages its legitimacy while navigating regulations, providing private supplementary tutoring, and addressing public skepticism. The book documents the typical operations of such institutions in Chinese mainland before stringent regulations disrupted their activities, serving as a “salvage” record. This book enriches educational ethnographies and will appeal to academics of shadow education, Chinese education, and ethnography.

Private Tutoring Across The Mediterranean

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Author : Mark Bray
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2013-09-03

Private Tutoring Across The Mediterranean written by Mark Bray and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-09-03 with Education categories.

Private tutoring—supplementary, out-of-school instruction offered at a fee to individuals or groups—represents a substantial household expenditure, even in systems that claim to have free public education. It plays out across, alongside, and even within some school systems. Emerging as a ‘shadow education’, private tutoring now operates as a system and industry crossing national, regional, and social-class boundaries. Private tutoring is provided through different modes of delivery including the internet. Policy makers, parents, teachers, trade unions, corporations, community associations, and students are implicated in the private tutoring industry. The debates over private tutoring are therefore part of the larger struggles over the ends of education in just and equitable societies. The authors in this volume address diverse national settings of private tutoring across the Mediterranean, and examine its political, economic, social, and cultural underpinnings. They draw on a range of conceptual frameworks, and deploy a variety of research methods to problematize the multifaceted relationships between tutoring, learning, and equity. The volume captures a multiplicity of voices, and focuses on some of the central challenges facing education in pluralistic societies

China S Education Policy Review 2018 2021

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Author : Zhenguo Yuan
language : en
Publisher: World Scientific
Release Date : 2024-07-26

China S Education Policy Review 2018 2021 written by Zhenguo Yuan and has been published by World Scientific this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2024-07-26 with Education categories.

China's Education Policy Review (2018-2021) collects important researches of China's education policies mainly conducted by the academics at East China Normal University (ECNU) in recent years. The book covers various aspects of educational policy studies in China including Regulatory Policies on Private Supplementary Tutoring in China, Accelerated Move for AI Education in China, New Higher Education Policy, non-governmental education, etc. It showcases the significant contributions to scholarship in education policies studies in China.This book is the eighth volume of the WSPC-ECNU Series on China. This series is jointly launched by World Scientific Publishing, the most reputable English academic publisher in Asia, and ECNU, a top University in China with a long history of exchanges with the international academic community.

The Rapid Rise And Transformational Trends Of Private Tutoring

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Author : Dr. Gyaneshwari Longjam
language : en
Publisher: Notion Press
Release Date : 2022-04-25

The Rapid Rise And Transformational Trends Of Private Tutoring written by Dr. Gyaneshwari Longjam and has been published by Notion Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-04-25 with Education categories.

The private tuitions, earlier a scarce commodity with relatively less presence, have today transitioned to a new hybrid model with marked, subtle presence in Manipur. Interesting trends have emerged with the mushrooming centres occupying the center stage that has beautifully crafted a business-favourable working model, leveraging time-tested techniques and embracing technology advancement for a unique proposal and being latched upon by many aspirants. From a tightly coupled education system that had the rudimentary approach to now a more flexible, ambidextrous approach enabled by the private sector, the impact of change seems to be profound. What are these trends and what do they signify – a weakness in the system that needs to be fixed or a strength that is playing a pivot role in augmenting the existing infrastructure/setup? Are these trends unreal, or does the data suggest otherwise of a measurable impact the private tuitions have on the students, family, service providers and the education stream? Thought-provoking information backed by data, facts and figures will provide clarity on all aspects of private tuitions serving further as the backbone that helps formulate suggestions and recommendations. It further strengthens the objective to analyse and determine how these trends will impact society in the short/long term and provide insights on possible techniques to have healthy learning agility for students that is balanced, poised for success.

Routledge International Handbook Of Schools And Schooling In Asia

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Author : Kerry J. Kennedy
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2018-05-11

Routledge International Handbook Of Schools And Schooling In Asia written by Kerry J. Kennedy and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-05-11 with Education categories.

This comprehensive handbook is the ultimate reference work, providing authoritative and international overviews of all aspects of schools and schooling in Asia. Split into 19 sections it covers curriculum, learning and assessment, private supplementary tutoring, special education, gender issues, ethnic minority education and LGBTQI students in Asian schools. The volume displays the current state of the scholarship for schools and schooling in Asia including emerging, controversial and cutting-edge contributions using a thematic approach. The content offers a broad sweep of the region with a focus on theoretical, cultural and political issues as well as identifying educational issues and priorities, such as curriculum, assessment, teacher education, school leadership, etc., all of which impact students and learning in multiple ways. The Routledge International Handbook of Schools and Schooling in Asia brings together experts in each area to contribute their knowledge, providing a multidimensional and rich view of the issues confronting the region’s school and education systems. Chapters 34, 35, 36, 37, and 38 of this book are freely available as downloadable Open Access PDFs at http://www.taylorfrancis.com under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives (CC-BY-NC-ND) 4.0 license.