Democracy By Disclosure
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Democracy By Disclosure
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Author : Mary Graham
language : en
Publisher: Brookings Institution Press
Release Date : 2002-08-26
Democracy By Disclosure written by Mary Graham and has been published by Brookings Institution Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2002-08-26 with Computers categories.
In December 1999, the Institute of Medicine shocked the nation by reporting that as many as 98,000 Americans died each year from mistakes in hospitals--twice the number killed in auto accidents. Instead of strict rules and harsh penalties to reduce those risks, the Institute called for a system of standardized disclosure of medical errors. If it worked, it would create economic and political pressures for hospitals to improve their practices. Since the mid-1980s, Congress and state legislatures have approved scores of new disclosure laws to fight racial discrimination, reduce corruption, and improve services. The most ambitious systems aim to reduce risks in everyday life--risks from toxic pollution, contaminants in drinking water, nutrients in packaged foods, lead paint, workplace hazards, and SUV rollovers. Unlike traditional government warnings, they require corporations and other organizations to produce standardized factual information at regular intervals about risks they create. Legislated transparency has become a mainstream instrument of social policy. Mary Graham argues that these requirements represent a remarkable policy innovation. Enhanced by computers and the Internet, they are creating a new techno-populism--an optimistic conviction that information itself can improve the lives of ordinary citizens and encourage hospitals, manufacturers, food processors, banks, airlines, and other organizations to further public priorities. Drawing on detailed profiles of disclosure systems for toxic releases, nutritional labeling, and medical errors, Graham explains why the move toward greater transparency has flourished during a time of regulatory retrenchment and why corporations have often supported these massive raids on proprietary information. However, Democracy by Disclosure, sounds a cautionary note. Just as systems of financial disclosure have come under new scrutiny in the wake of Enron's collapse, systems of social disclosure deserve car
Facebook Democracy
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Author : José Marichal
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2016-04-15
Facebook Democracy written by José Marichal and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-04-15 with Business & Economics categories.
In July 2010, Facebook had over 500 million subscribers worldwide and the rapid rise of the site prompted Time magazine to name Facebook's founder Mark Zuckerberg its person of the year for 2010. This novel book advances our understanding of how democratic citizens are transformed by the "Facebook revolution". Despite increasing interest in politics and popular media, there has been little academic work on the impact of Facebook on politics in general, and on democratic processes in particular. The work that does exist has been limited to Facebook's impact on politics as a mobilization tool used by social movement activists. In this book, José Marichal argues that understanding Facebook's impact on political processes requires an understanding of how Facebook's architecture of disclosure shapes the construction of individuals' political identities by drawing users further into their pre-selected social networks. Drawing on a number of disciplines and an ethnographic analysis of 250 Facebook political groups, Marichal explores how Facebook's emphasis on social connection impacts key dimensions of political participation: e.g., mobilization, deliberation, and attitude formation.
Disclosures
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Author : Paul Corcoran
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2018-12-17
Disclosures written by Paul Corcoran and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-12-17 with Social Science categories.
Published in 2000. Disclosures occur at every level of human experience; a slip of the tongue, intentional betrayals of confidences, carefully worded affidavits, intimate avowals of passion, confessions, or exposes, of our most deeply hidden secrets. This book is the first detailed study of the term disclosure, as it resonates in its many connotations. To our eyes all things are either covered or uncovered, hidden or revealed, clothed or naked, seen or unseen. Disclosure and closure, as they are explored in these pages, are not simply oppositions but alternate moments in a process of communication. By unravelling the kinds and levels of disclosure existing in language games of different communitive contexts, this book is, itself, a revelation. It is a scholarly and illuminating study of the pervasiveness of disclosures in interpersonal, moral, cultural and political terms from the ancient times of Athenian democracy to contemporary society.
Full Disclosure
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Author : Archon Fung
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2007-03-05
Full Disclosure written by Archon Fung and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007-03-05 with Political Science categories.
Governments in recent decades have employed public disclosure strategies to reduce risks, improve public and private goods and services, and reduce injustice. In the United States, these targeted transparency policies include financial securities disclosures, nutritional labels, school report cards, automobile rollover rankings, and sexual offender registries. They constitute a light-handed approach to governance that empowers citizens. However, as Full Disclosure shows these policies are frequently ineffective or counterproductive. Based on a comparative analysis of eighteen major policies, the authors suggest that transparency policies often produce information that is incomplete, incomprehensible, or irrelevant to the consumers, investors, workers, and community residents who could benefit from them. Sometimes transparency fails because those who are threatened by it form political coalitions to limit or distort information. To be successful, transparency policies must place the needs of ordinary citizens at centre stage and produce information that informs their everyday choices.
Local Government E Disclosure Comparisons
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Author : Timothy J. Turner
language : en
Publisher: University Press of America
Release Date : 2005
Local Government E Disclosure Comparisons written by Timothy J. Turner and has been published by University Press of America this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2005 with Business & Economics categories.
In Local Government e-Disclosure & Comparisons, author Tim Turner proposes an information system to counterbalance the social complexity represented by over 87,000 local governments and their myriad subordinate units. Under his plan, an e-disclosure regimen will populate a federated system of state-based electronic repositories, creating a nationwide data warehouse
Transparency Disclosure And Democracy
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2002
Transparency Disclosure And Democracy written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2002 with Campaign funds categories.
Secrets And Leaks
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Author : Rahul Sagar
language : en
Publisher: Princeton University Press
Release Date : 2016-05-10
Secrets And Leaks written by Rahul Sagar and has been published by Princeton University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-05-10 with Political Science categories.
Secrets and Leaks examines the complex relationships among executive power, national security, and secrecy. State secrecy is vital for national security, but it can also be used to conceal wrongdoing. How then can we ensure that this power is used responsibly? Typically, the onus is put on lawmakers and judges, who are expected to oversee the executive. Yet because these actors lack access to the relevant information and the ability to determine the harm likely to be caused by its disclosure, they often defer to the executive's claims about the need for secrecy. As a result, potential abuses are more often exposed by unauthorized disclosures published in the press. But should such disclosures, which violate the law, be condoned? Drawing on several cases, Rahul Sagar argues that though whistleblowing can be morally justified, the fear of retaliation usually prompts officials to act anonymously--that is, to "leak" information. As a result, it becomes difficult for the public to discern when an unauthorized disclosure is intended to further partisan interests. Because such disclosures are the only credible means of checking the executive, Sagar writes, they must be tolerated, and, at times, even celebrated. However, the public should treat such disclosures skeptically and subject irresponsible journalism to concerted criticism.
State Secrecy And Democracy
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Author : Dorota Mokrosinska
language : en
Publisher: Taylor & Francis
Release Date : 2023-10-24
State Secrecy And Democracy written by Dorota Mokrosinska and has been published by Taylor & Francis this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-10-24 with Philosophy categories.
In the wake of controversial disclosures of classified government information by WikiLeaks and Edward Snowden, questions about the democratic status of secret uses of political power are rarely far from the headlines. Despite an increase in initiatives aimed at enhancing government transparency – such as freedom of information or sunshine laws – secrecy persists in both the foreign and domestic policy of democratic states, in the form of classified intelligence programs, espionage, secret military operations, diplomatic discretion, closed-door political bargaining, and bureaucratic opacity. This book explores whether the state’s claim to restrict access to information can be justified. Dorota Mokrosinska answers this question with a qualified "yes," arguing that secrecy in exercising executive and legislative power can be seen as a legitimate exercise of democratic authority rather than as its justified suspension. Past and recent examples of state secrecy are used throughout the book, including the Manhattan Project, decision-making leading to the Iraq War, the extraordinary renditions programs and secret detention sites in Eastern Europe, collaboration between international secret services, and the WikiLeaks and Snowden disclosures. State Secrecy and Democracy: A Philosophical Inquiry is essential reading for those in political philosophy, ethics, politics, international relations and security studies, and law.
Democracy In The Dark
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Author : Frederick A. O. Schwarz
language : en
Publisher: New Press, The
Release Date : 2012-05-29
Democracy In The Dark written by Frederick A. O. Schwarz and has been published by New Press, The this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-05-29 with Political Science categories.
“A timely and provocative book exploring the origins of the national security state and the urgent challenge of reining it in” (The Washington Post). From Dick Cheney’s man-sized safe to the National Security Agency’s massive intelligence gathering, secrecy has too often captured the American government’s modus operandi better than the ideals of the Constitution. In this important book, Frederick A.O. Schwarz Jr., who was chief counsel to the US Church Committee on Intelligence—which uncovered the FBI’s effort to push Martin Luther King Jr. to commit suicide; the CIA’s enlistment of the Mafia to try to kill Fidel Castro; and the NSA’s thirty-year program to get copies of all telegrams leaving the United States—uses examples ranging from the dropping of the first atomic bomb and the Cuban Missile Crisis to Iran–Contra and 9/11 to illuminate this central question: How much secrecy does good governance require? Schwarz argues that while some control of information is necessary, governments tend to fall prey to a culture of secrecy that is ultimately not just hazardous to democracy but antithetical to it. This history provides the essential context to recent cases from Chelsea Manning to Edward Snowden. Democracy in the Dark is a natural companion to Schwarz’s Unchecked and Unbalanced, cowritten with Aziz Huq, which plumbed the power of the executive branch—a power that often depends on and derives from the use of secrecy. “[An] important new book . . . Carefully researched, engagingly written stories of government secrecy gone amiss.” —The American Prospect
The Right To Know
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Author : Ann Florini
language : en
Publisher: Columbia University Press
Release Date : 2007
The Right To Know written by Ann Florini and has been published by Columbia University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007 with Business & Economics categories.
The Right to Know is a timely and compelling consideration of a vital question: What information should governments and other powerful organizations disclose? Excessive secrecy corrodes democracy, facilitates corruption, and undermines good public policymaking, but keeping a lid on military strategies, personal data, and trade secrets is crucial to the protection of the public interest. Over the past several years, transparency has swept the world. India and South Africa have adopted groundbreaking national freedom of information laws. China is on the verge of promulgating new openness regulations that build on the successful experiments of such major municipalities as Shanghai. From Asia to Africa to Europe to Latin America, countries are struggling to overcome entrenched secrecy and establish effective disclosure policies. More than seventy now have or are developing major disclosure policies or laws. But most of the world's nearly 200 nations do not have coherent disclosure laws; implementation of existing rules often proves difficult; and there is no consensus about what disclosure standards should apply to the increasingly powerful private sector. As governments and corporations battle with citizens and one another over the growing demand to submit their secrets to public scrutiny, they need new insights into whether, how, and when greater openness can serve the public interest, and how to bring about beneficial forms of greater disclosure. The Right to Know distills the lessons of many nations' often bitter experience and provides careful analysis of transparency's impact on governance, business regulation, environmental protection, and national security. Its powerful lessons make it a critical companion for policymakers, executives, and activists, as well as students and scholars seeking a better understanding of how to make information policy serve the public interest.