Demography Economy And Welfare
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Population Economy And Welfare In Sweden
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Author : Tommy Bengtsson
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-06
Population Economy And Welfare In Sweden written by Tommy Bengtsson and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Political Science categories.
Tommy Bengtsson The Swedish welfare model of the 1960s and 1970s excited great interest among many other countries. Today it still is an ideal image for some but a warning for many others. The reason why opinion about the Swedish welfare model has changed is primarily Sweden's financial problems, which are associated with a badly financed and excessively large public sector. It is argued that the size of the budget deficit is a great problem in itself, but also, and perhaps more importantly, that the large public sector has negative effects on the entire economy since it lead to inefficient allocation of resources. A first step in order to solve these problems is to examine how they arose. The questions then are to what extent the large public sector which Sweden has today results from social entitlements which have come into existence since the 1960s, from the maturing of welfare systems decided upon earlier, from unfavourable demographic developments, or from economic stagnation, and how these factors are interlinked. What is quite clear is that Sweden has had very low economic growth during the 1970s and 1980s compared with the preceding period. But so have many other industrial countries, without their having in consequence found themselves in diffi culties as great as Sweden's. Therefore economic stagnation alone cannot explain Sweden's situation.
Demography Economy And Welfare
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Author : Christer Lundh
language : en
Publisher: Coronet Books
Release Date : 1995
Demography Economy And Welfare written by Christer Lundh and has been published by Coronet Books this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1995 with Business & Economics categories.
Demography has a long tradition in the Nordic countries, following largely from the fact that good population statistics made their appearance in the region at an early stage. Since our modern data are also of high quality, the demographer is very well placed for source material. Today, demographic research widely defined is carried out at many different institutions and government agencies in the Nordic countries. Nordic demographers meet regularly at conferences arranged by the national demographic societies and the Nordic Demographic Society, and these conferences give a good overview of the current state of the art. The Tenth Nordic Demographic Symposium took place at Lund on 12-14 August, 1992. More than 60 papers were presented during the conference covering a wide range of subjects. Compared with earlier conferences, at Lund papers on the population in the Baltic states and other non-welfare countries were new subjects, and the number of papers on economic demography was larger than usual. The five parts of this anthology reflect the different subjects examined at the symposium: the demography of the welfare society; economic demography; historical demography; the demography of non-welfare societies; and demographic methods.
Population Economy And Welfare In Sweden
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Author : Professor of Demography and Economic History Tommy Bengtsson
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1994-10-27
Population Economy And Welfare In Sweden written by Professor of Demography and Economic History Tommy Bengtsson and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1994-10-27 with categories.
The Swedish welfare model has changed since the 1970s primarily due to Sweden's financial problems, which are associated with an excessively large public sector. Sweden has the highest proportion of old people in the world, the highest proportion of cohabiting couples, the highest proportion of children born outside wedlock, and the highest proportion of refugees in relation to population. This book deals with the development of the Swedish welfare system, its present stage and problems, analyses the causes, including economic and demographic effects, and shows solutions to the problems and what other countries can learn from the Swedish experience of the social welfare system.
Population Ageing A Threat To The Welfare State
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Author : Tommy Bengtsson
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2010-08-02
Population Ageing A Threat To The Welfare State written by Tommy Bengtsson and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010-08-02 with Political Science categories.
Tommy Bengtsson Population ageing, the shift in age distribution towards older ages, is of immense global concern. It is taking place to a varying degree all over the world, more in Europe and some Asian countries, less on the African continent. The worldwide share of people aged 65 years and above is predicted to increase from 7. 5% in 2005 to 16. 1% in 2050 (UN 2007, p. 11). The corresponding ?gures for developed countries are 15. 5 and 26. 2% and for developing countries 5. 5 and 14. 6%. While population ageing has been going on for some time in the developed world, and will continue to do so, most of the change is yet to come for the developing world. The change in developing countries, however, is going to be much faster than it has been in the developed world. For example, while it took more than 100 years in France and more than 80 years in Sweden for the population group aged 65 and above to increase from 7 to 14% of the population, the same change in Japan took place over a 25-year period (UN 2007, p. 13). The scenario for the future is very similar for most developing countries, including highly populated countries like China, India and Brazil. While the start and the speed differ, the shift in age structure towards older ages is a worldwide phenomenon, stressing the signi?cance of the concept global ageing.
The Decline Of The Welfare State
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Author : Assaf Razin
language : en
Publisher: MIT Press
Release Date : 2005-01-21
The Decline Of The Welfare State written by Assaf Razin and has been published by MIT Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2005-01-21 with Business & Economics categories.
An analysis of the welfare state from a political economy perspective that examines the effects of aging populations, migration, and globalization on industrialized economies. In The Decline of the Welfare State, Assaf Razin and Efraim Sadka use a political economy framework to analyze the effects of aging populations, migration, and globalization on the deteriorating system of financing welfare state benefits as we know them. Their timely analysis, supported by a unified theoretical framework and empirical findings, demonstrates how the combined forces of demographic change and globalization will make it impossible for the welfare state to maintain itself on its present scale. In much of the developed world, the proportion of the population aged 60 and over is expected to rise dramatically over the coming years—from 35 percent in 2000 to a projected 66 percent in 2050 in the European Union and from 27 percent to 47 percent in the United States—which may necessitate higher tax burdens and greater public debt to maintain national pension systems at current levels. Low-skill migration produces additional strains on welfare-state financing because such migrants typically receive benefits that exceed what they pay in taxes. Higher capital taxation, which could potentially be used to finance welfare benefits, is made unlikely by international tax competition brought about by globalization of the capital market. Applying a political economy model and drawing on empirical data from the EU and the United States, the authors draw an unconventional and provocative conclusion from these developments. They argue that the political pressure from both aging and migrant populations indirectly generates political processes that favor trimming rather than expanding the welfare state. The combined pressures of aging, migration, and globalization will shift the balance of political power and generate public support from the majority of the voting population for cutting back traditional welfare state benefits.
Birth And Fortune
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Author : Richard A. Easterlin
language : en
Publisher: University of Chicago Press
Release Date : 1987-04-15
Birth And Fortune written by Richard A. Easterlin and has been published by University of Chicago Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1987-04-15 with Business & Economics categories.
In this influential work, Richard A. Easterlin shows how the size of a generation—the number of persons born in a particular year—directly and indirectly affects the personal welfare of its members, the make-up and breakdown of the family, and the general well being of the economy. "[Easterlin] has made clear, I think unambiguously, that the baby-boom generation is economically underprivileged merely because of its size. And in showing this, he demonstrates that population size can be as restrictive as a factor as sex, race, or class on equality of opportunity in the U.S."—Jeffrey Madrick, Business Week
Demography And The Economy
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Author : John B. Shoven
language : en
Publisher: University of Chicago Press
Release Date : 2011
Demography And The Economy written by John B. Shoven and has been published by University of Chicago Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011 with Business & Economics categories.
Demographics is a vital field of study for understanding social and economic change and it has attracted attention in recent years as concerns have grown over the aging populations of developed nations. Demographic studies help make sense of key aspects of the economy, offering insight into trends in fertility, mortality, immigration, and labor force participation, as well as age, gender, and race specific trends in health and disability. Demography and the Economy explores the connections between demography and economics, paying special attention to what demographic trends can reveal about the sustainability of traditional social security programs and the larger implications for economic growth. The volume brings together some of the leading scholars working at the border between the two disciplines, and it provides an eclectic overview of both fields. Contributors also offer deeper analysis of a variety of issues such as the impact of greater wealth on choices about marriage and childbearing and the effects of aging populations on housing prices, Social Security, and Medicare.
Population Ageing A Threat To The Welfare State
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Author : Tommy Bengtsson
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2010-12-02
Population Ageing A Threat To The Welfare State written by Tommy Bengtsson and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010-12-02 with Political Science categories.
Tommy Bengtsson Population ageing, the shift in age distribution towards older ages, is of immense global concern. It is taking place to a varying degree all over the world, more in Europe and some Asian countries, less on the African continent. The worldwide share of people aged 65 years and above is predicted to increase from 7. 5% in 2005 to 16. 1% in 2050 (UN 2007, p. 11). The corresponding ?gures for developed countries are 15. 5 and 26. 2% and for developing countries 5. 5 and 14. 6%. While population ageing has been going on for some time in the developed world, and will continue to do so, most of the change is yet to come for the developing world. The change in developing countries, however, is going to be much faster than it has been in the developed world. For example, while it took more than 100 years in France and more than 80 years in Sweden for the population group aged 65 and above to increase from 7 to 14% of the population, the same change in Japan took place over a 25-year period (UN 2007, p. 13). The scenario for the future is very similar for most developing countries, including highly populated countries like China, India and Brazil. While the start and the speed differ, the shift in age structure towards older ages is a worldwide phenomenon, stressing the signi?cance of the concept global ageing.
Population Economics
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Author : Assaf Razin
language : en
Publisher: MIT Press
Release Date : 1995
Population Economics written by Assaf Razin and has been published by MIT Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1995 with Business & Economics categories.
From Malthus to Becker, the economic approach to population growth and its interactions with the surrounding economic environment has undergone a major transformation. Population Economicselucidates the theory behind this shift and the consequences for economic policy. Razin and Sadka systematically examine the microeconomic implications of people's decisions about how many children to have and how to provide for them on population trends and social issues of population policy. The authors analyze how these decisions affect labor supply, consumption, savings and bequests, investments in human capital, and economic growth, along with related new issues such as migration and income redistribution across generations, in an integrated microeconomic framework. Population Economicsis a thoroughly modern treatment of population economics as a field in public economics. It integrates and extends Marc Nerlove's Household and Economy: Welfare Economics of Endogenous Fertility, as well as work written jointly with colleagues that has appeared in various journals and other publications.
The Aging Population And The Size Of The Welfare State
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Author : Assaf Razin
language : en
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Release Date : 2001
The Aging Population And The Size Of The Welfare State written by Assaf Razin and has been published by International Monetary Fund this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2001 with Aging categories.
Data for the United States and countries in Western Europe indicate a negative correlation between the dependency ratio and labor tax rates and the generosity of social transfers, after controlling for other factors that influence the size of the welfare state. This is despite the increased political clout of the dependent population implied by the aging of the population. This paper develops an overlapping generations model of intra-and inter-generational transfers (including old-age social security) and human capital formation which addresses this seeming puzzle. We show that with democratic voting, an increase in the dependency ratio can lead to lower taxes or less generous social transfers.