Der Wahlrechtskampf Der Sterreichischen Sozialdemokratie 1888 89 1897
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Der Wahlrechtskampf Der Sterreichischen Sozialdemokratie 1888 89 1897
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Author : Peter Schöffer
language : de
Publisher: Franz Steiner Verlag
Release Date : 1986
Der Wahlrechtskampf Der Sterreichischen Sozialdemokratie 1888 89 1897 written by Peter Schöffer and has been published by Franz Steiner Verlag this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1986 with History categories.
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Seedtime For Fascism
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Author : George V. Strong
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2016-09-16
Seedtime For Fascism written by George V. Strong and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-09-16 with History categories.
This study examines the political culture in Austria-Hungary in the latter half of the 19th century. It analyzes the centrifugal forces that arose from growing ethnic nationalism in the empire and that ultimately overpowered the centripetal forces which held the Austrian-Hungarian "state idea" together. The analysis is applied further to provide an historical explanation of analogous developments in post-1989 Europe.
Austria 1867 1955
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Author :
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2022-09-18
Austria 1867 1955 written by and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-09-18 with Austria categories.
Austria 1867-1955 connects the political history of German-speaking provinces of the Habsburg Empire before 1914 (Vienna and the Alpine Lands) with the history of the Austrian Republic that emerged in 1918. John W. Boyer presents the case of modern Austria as a fascinating example of democratic nation-building. The construction of an Austrian political nation began in 1867 under Habsburg Imperial auspices, with the German-speaking bourgeois Liberals defining the concept of a political people (Volk) and giving that Volk a constitution and a liberal legal and parliamentary order to protect their rights against the Crown. The decades that followed saw the administrative and judicial institutions of the Liberal state solidified, but in the 1880s and 1890s the membership of the Volk exploded to include new social and economic strata from the lower bourgeoisie and the working classes. Ethnic identity was not the final structuring principle of everyday politics, as it was in the Czech lands. Rather social class, occupational culture, and religion became more prominent variables in the sortition of civic interests, exemplified by the emergence of two great ideological parties, Christian Socialism and Social Democracy in Vienna in the 1890s. The war crisis of 1914/1918 exploded the Empire, with the Crown self-destructing in the face of military defeat, chronic domestic unrest, and bitter national partisanship. But this crisis also accelerated the emergence of new structures of democratic self-governance in the German-speaking Austrian lands, enshrined in the republican Constitution of 1920. Initial attempts to make this new project of democratic nation-building work failed in the 1920s and 1930s, culminating in the catastrophe of the 1938 Nazi occupation. After 1945 the surviving legatees of the Revolution of 1918 reassembled under the four-power Allied occupation, which fashioned a shared political culture which proved sufficiently flexible to accommodate intense partisanship, resulting, by the 1970s, in a successful republican system, organized under the aegis of elite democratic and corporatist negotiating structures, in which the Catholics and Socialists learned to embrace the skills of collective but shared self-governance.
Corporate Policing Yellow Unionism And Strikebreaking 1890 1930
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Author : Matteo Millan
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2020-12-28
Corporate Policing Yellow Unionism And Strikebreaking 1890 1930 written by Matteo Millan and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-12-28 with History categories.
This book provides a comparative and transnational examination of the complex and multifaceted experiences of anti-labour mobilisation, from the bitter social conflicts of the pre-war period, through the epochal tremors of war and revolution, and the violent spasms of the 1920s and 1930s. It retraces the formation of an extensive market for corporate policing, privately contracted security and yellow unionism, as well as processes of professionalisation in strikebreaking activities, labour espionage and surveillance. It reconstructs the diverse spectrum of right-wing patriotic leagues and vigilante corps which, in support or in competition with law enforcement agencies, sought to counter the dual dangers of industrial militancy and revolutionary situations. Although considerable research has been done on the rise of socialist parties and trade unions the repressive policies of their opponents have been generally left unexamined. This book fills this gap by reconstructing the methods and strategies used by state authorities and employers to counter outbreaks of labour militancy on a global scale. It adopts a long-term chronology that sheds light on the shocks and strains that marked industrial societies during their turbulent transition into mass politics from the bitter social conflicts of the pre-war period, through the epochal tremors of war and revolution, and the violent spasms of the 1920s and 1930s. Offering a new angle of vision to examine the violent transition to mass politics in industrial societies, this is of great interest to scholars of policing, unionism and striking in the modern era.
Idiom Treatment Experiments In Machine Translation
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Author : Dimitra Anastasiou
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge Scholars Publishing
Release Date : 2010-09-13
Idiom Treatment Experiments In Machine Translation written by Dimitra Anastasiou and has been published by Cambridge Scholars Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010-09-13 with Computers categories.
In 1975, Searle stated that one should speak idiomatically unless there is some good reason not to do so. Fillmore, Kay, and O’Connor in 1988 defined an idiomatic expression or construction as something that a language user could fail to know while knowing everything else in the language. Our language is rich in conversational phrases, idioms, metaphors, and general expressions used in metaphorical meaning. These idiomatic expressions pose a particular challenge for Machine Translation (MT), because their translation for the most part does not work literally, but logically. The present book shows how idiomatic expressions can be recognized and correctly translated with the help of a bilingual idiom dictionary (English-German), a monolingual (German) corpus, and morphosyntactic rules. The work focuses on the field of Example-based Machine Translation (EBMT). A theory of idiomatic expressions with their syntactic and semantic properties is provided, followed by the practical part of the book which describes how the hybrid EBMT system METIS-II is able to correctly process idiomatic expressions. A comparison of METIS-II with three commercial systems shows that idioms are not impossible to translate as it was predicted in 1952: “The only way for a machine to treat idioms is—not to have idioms!” This book furnishes plenty of examples of idiomatic phrases and provides the foundation for how MT systems can process and translate idioms by means of simple linguistic resources.
Der Grosse Illusionist
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Author : Ernst Hanisch
language : de
Publisher: Böhlau Verlag Wien
Release Date : 2011
Der Grosse Illusionist written by Ernst Hanisch and has been published by Böhlau Verlag Wien this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011 with Austria categories.
Otto Bauers Traum vom Sozialismus ist zerplatzt, aber die Frage nach einer gerechteren Gesellschaft ist aktueller denn je. Was können wir heute aus seiner Biografie lernen? Er verband höchste Intelligenz, eine scharfe Analysefähigkeit auf vielen Gebieten mit der Hoffnung auf eine bessere Zukunft der Menschheit. Er war kein Zyniker der Macht, sondern ein bescheidener, eher schüchterner Mensch. In kritischen Situationen hatte er Scheu vor der Macht. Als brillanter Rhetoriker und Theoretiker aber prägte der führende Sozialdemokrat die Geschichte der österreichischen Ersten Republik maßgeblich. Licht- und Schattenseiten dieses Politikers und Menschen werden siebzig Jahre nach seinem Tod erstmals umfassend analysiert und kritisch bewertet.
Demokratie Ohne Demokraten
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Author : Hanno Rebhan
language : de
Publisher: V&R Unipress
Release Date : 2024-04-15
Demokratie Ohne Demokraten written by Hanno Rebhan and has been published by V&R Unipress this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2024-04-15 with History categories.
Unter schwierigen Umständen wurde nach dem Ende der Monarchie 1918 die Republik in Österreich gegründet. Jedes politische Lager kritisierte von Beginn an durchgehend bis 1933/34 die existente, in der Verfassung verankerte Demokratie. Zwar existierte unter den politischen Akteuren der Grundkonsens, dass die Regierungsform »demokratisch« sein sollte, allerdings herrschten zwischen den politischen Parteien unterschiedliche Auffassungen von »Demokratie«. Jede der Parteien wollte einen Idealzustand von Demokratie erreichen, während die in der Verfassung verankerte Demokratie als »politische« bzw. bloß »formale Demokratie« überwunden gehöre. Under difficult circumstances, a republic was founded in Austria after the end of the monarchy in 1918. From the beginning until 1933/34, the leading politicians consistently criticized the existing constitutional democracy. Although there was a basic consensus among political actors that the form of government should be "democratic," different understandings of "democracy" prevailed among the political parties. Each of the parties claimed to replace the existing democratic order by a new and "ideal form of democracy."
J Dische Identit Ten Und Antisemitische Politiken Im Sterreichischen Parlament 1861 1933
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Author : Saskia Stachowitsch
language : de
Publisher: Böhlau Verlag Wien
Release Date : 2017-04-03
J Dische Identit Ten Und Antisemitische Politiken Im Sterreichischen Parlament 1861 1933 written by Saskia Stachowitsch and has been published by Böhlau Verlag Wien this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-04-03 with History categories.
Dieses Buch widmet sich der Beteiligung von Jüdinnen und Juden an der Entwicklung des österreichischen Parlamentarismus sowie ihren Konfrontationen mit Antisemitismus als Strategie parlamentarischer Politik. Das vielfältige Wirken jüdischer ParlamentarierInnen in Abgeordnetenhaus und Herrenhaus des Reichsrats sowie im Nationalrat der Ersten Republik wird anhand einer Kollektivbiographie und einer Analyse von Parlamentsdebatten sichtbar gemacht. Die Untersuchung geht außerdem den Transformationen von Antisemitismus im Parlament sowie den dagegen entwickelten Widerständen nach. Damit stellt das Buch einen politikwissenschaftlichen Beitrag an der Schnittstelle von Judentums-, Antisemitismus- und Parlamentarismusforschung dar.
Die Junge Republik
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Author : Robert Kriechbaumer
language : de
Publisher: Böhlau Wien
Release Date : 2018-11-12
Die Junge Republik written by Robert Kriechbaumer and has been published by Böhlau Wien this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-11-12 with History categories.
Die Gründung der Republik Österreich war kein revolutionärer nationaler Schöpfungsakt, sondern das Ergebnis einer militärischen Niederlage und des Zerfalls der Habsburgermonarchie. Sie erfolgte nicht in einer Phase kollektiver Erhebung, sondern in einer der tiefsten Depression. Zu unterschiedlich waren die Befindlichkeiten in der revolutionären Umbruchsphase, weshalb der Republikgründung ein parteien- und klassenübergreifendes Narrativ fehlte. Der Sammelband vereint die Referate eines Symposions, das die Plattform zeithistorischer politischer Archive 2017 in Wien veranstaltete und das sich den Transformationsprozessen in der Entstehungsgeschichte der Ersten Republik widmete.
Europa Im Zeitalter Des Imperialismus 1890 1918
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Author : Friedrich Kießling
language : de
Publisher: Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG
Release Date : 2023-11-06
Europa Im Zeitalter Des Imperialismus 1890 1918 written by Friedrich Kießling and has been published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-11-06 with History categories.
Die neue Darstellung der Geschichte Europas zwischen 1890 und 1918 in der Reihe Oldenbourg Grundriss der Geschichte. Zuverlässig und gut lesbar zeichnet der Band die Dynamik der inneren Entwicklung der europäischen Staaten an der Schwelle zu Massenpolitisierung und Demokratisierung ebenso nach wie die Dynamiken des internationalen Systems oder die Folgen der europäischen Expansion im „Zeitalter des Imperialismus". Eine konzise Darstellung des Ersten Weltkriegs, in dem viele der vorangegangenen Entwicklungen kulminierten, schließt den Band ab, der mit dem Abgang Bismarcks als deutscher Reichskanzler im Jahr 1890 beginnt. Auf dem aktuellen Stand der Forschung entsteht so das vielgestaltige Porträt einer Epoche, in der sich Europa endgültig auf den Weg in die Moderne machte – mit allen positiven wie negativen Konsequenzen.