Der Zivilluftverkehr In Russland Und China Vom Plan Zum Markt
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Der Zivilluftverkehr In Russland Und China Vom Plan Zum Markt
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Author : Niko Stalf
language : de
Publisher: Diplomica Verlag
Release Date : 2012-05
Der Zivilluftverkehr In Russland Und China Vom Plan Zum Markt written by Niko Stalf and has been published by Diplomica Verlag this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-05 with Business & Economics categories.
Es gibt einen g„ngigen Spruch in der Luftverkehrsbranche: ?Wie wird man im Fluggesch„ft zum Million„r?? ? ?Man muss als Milliard„r anfangen!? Der Luftverkehr ? eine Branche zum Kapitalverbrennen oder Geldverdienen? Obwohl beim Luftverkehrsmarkt von einem Markt gesprochen wird, gab es ? sowohl in Ost als auch West ? zu Beginn der 1990er Jahre kaum Marktmechanismen, da diese aufgrund der Regulierung ausgehebelt waren. Eine relativ kleinteilige Marktstruktur konnte auf Seiten der zivilen Lufttransportunternehmen in Russland nach dem Zerfall der Sowjetunion beobachtet werden. Allerdings kam oftmals die Forderung auf, die groáe Anzahl solcher Betriebe zu reduzieren, weil die Luftverkehrsindustrie insgesamt in einem schlechten Zustand war und das Bedrfnis des Landes nach einem effizienten Lufttransportsystem durch diesen Zustand scheinbar nicht erfllt werden konnte. Diese Forderung steht jedoch im Widerspruch zum Ansatz der Vollst„ndigen Konkurrenz, die eine kleinteilige Angebotsstruktur fordert, um effiziente Marktergebnisse hervorbringen zu k”nnen. Warum ist somit eine Konzentration zwar notwendig, aber aus gesamtgesellschaftlicher Sicht eventuell nicht wnschenswert? Die mikro”konomische Theorie geht, mit Ausnahme des natrlichen Monopols, davon aus, dass die Marktmacht eines Akteurs nicht zu effizienten Ergebnissen fhren kann. Ausgehend vom Modell der Vollst„ndigen Konkurrenz soll die Frage untersucht werden, wie vom Markt im Fall des zivilen und kommerziellen Personenlufttransports generell effiziente Marktergebnisse hervorgebracht werden k”nnen und die geforderte Notwendigkeit einer Konzentration in der Branche kritisch hinterfragt werden. Gerade in den letzten Jahren ist ein Konzentrationsprozess in Europa und den USA erfolgt, der eine immer gr”áer werdende Marktmacht der gr”áten Unternehmen, die diesen Markt bedienen, nach sich zieht. Ziel der Studie ist es herauszuarbeiten, ob eine st„rkere Marktmacht der Anbieter von Luftverkehrsleistungen ein effizientes Marktergebnis, in Form breiter Anbieterauswahl und vieler Zielen, hervorbringen kann. Von einer „hnlichen Ausgangsbasis wie Russland ging auch das ehemals planwirtschaftlich organisierte China aus, in dem in den letzten Jahren eine st„rkere Marktmacht der gr”áten Luftverkehrsunternehmen beobachtet werden konnte. Welche Strukturen sind fr diese Entwicklung verantwortlich? In welcher Beziehung stehen also staatliche Regulierungsinstrumente und direkte Markteingriffe in Angebots- und Nachfrageseite und die beobachteten Ergebnissen in den beiden ehemals planwirtschaftlich organisierten Staaten? Am Ende soll ein Vergleich der L„nder Russland und China ergeben, welcher der beiden Staaten erfolgreicher die Systemtransformation im Luftverkehrssektor umzusetzen vermochte.
Foreign Direct Investment In Russia
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Author : P. Fischer
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2016-05-02
Foreign Direct Investment In Russia written by P. Fischer and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-05-02 with Business & Economics categories.
Russia's post-reform crisis can be alleviated. The country has the market, the abundant natural resources and the human skills that foreign investors seek. What it needs is policies that enhance FDI inflows. Policy-makers can learn from the other large emerging markets like China, India, and Mexico, where FDI has revitalized the economy.
The World Factbook 2003
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Author : United States. Central Intelligence Agency
language : en
Publisher: Potomac Books
Release Date : 2003
The World Factbook 2003 written by United States. Central Intelligence Agency and has been published by Potomac Books this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2003 with Political Science categories.
By intelligence officials for intelligent people
Enlargement Of The European Union
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Author : Allan F. Tatham
language : en
Publisher: Kluwer Law International B.V.
Release Date : 2009-01-26
Enlargement Of The European Union written by Allan F. Tatham and has been published by Kluwer Law International B.V. this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009-01-26 with Law categories.
The development of EU enlargement has raised many thorny issues unanticipated by the framers of the EC Treaty. A significant upshot of these issues is that the concept of European identity – defined in terms of such factors as culture, history and economics – has supplanted the long-dominant theme of ‘widening and deepening,’ particularly since the Union’s expansion has become primarily eastward. The major contribution of this important book lies in its analysis of the conceptualization and perception of enlargement from various points of view, focusing on the concerns of stakeholders and the ‘identity’ conflicts and uncertainties incurred by enlargement initiatives. In the course of its presentation, it details the actual pre-accession Europeanization process and its complex history. Among the key elements discussed are the following: the conflict between ‘widening’ and ‘deepening’ and the effect on EU institutional reform; institutional requirements on candidate countries; pre-accession criteria and negotiations; administrative capacity, judicial capacity, and legal approximation in accession states; capacity of the EU to absorb new Member States; and EC law as part of European identity. Also covered are specific historical details of particular pre-accession negotiations (e.g., Greece, Spain, Portugal, Malta, and Cyprus), the still inconclusive negotiations with Turkey and the Western Balkan states, and political factors involved in the non-accession of Norway, Iceland and Switzerland. Assembling powerful evidence and applying incisive analysis, the author’s conclusion shows that, absent further (and major) EU institutional reform, it will be difficult for an enlarging Union to continue to ‘deliver the goods.’ A watershed in the continuing great debate on the fulfilment of the EC Treaty’s determination to foster and promote ‘an ever closer union of the peoples of Europe,’ this book will prove invaluable to anybody interested in the European integration project, particularly lawyers, academics, officials and policymakers in the EU Member States.
Sustainable Logistics
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Author : Wolf-Rüdiger Bretzke
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-14
Sustainable Logistics written by Wolf-Rüdiger Bretzke and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-14 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Currently the notion of "sustainability" is used in an inflationary manner. Therefore the authors start with a definition which is stable to serve as an anchor for further research as well as for discussions among scientists, managers and politicians, ideally across different disciplines. The character of this book is purely conceptual. The argumentation is based on comparison of new and demanding requisites with existing models (process and network architectures in the field of logistics). Formerly neglected impacts on the environment will be included. Main features of a new approach will be developed which are capable to avoid these impacts and to align logistics with the requirements of sustainability. In order to make logistics sustainable large parts will have to be reinvented. The focus needs to be on decoupling transportation activities from economic growth rates.
Berichte Des Bundesinstituts F R Stwissenschaftliche Und Internationale Studien
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Author :
language : de
Publisher:
Release Date : 1998
Berichte Des Bundesinstituts F R Stwissenschaftliche Und Internationale Studien written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1998 with Communism categories.
The Third Industrial Revolution
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Author : Jeremy Rifkin
language : en
Publisher: Macmillan + ORM
Release Date : 2011-10-04
The Third Industrial Revolution written by Jeremy Rifkin and has been published by Macmillan + ORM this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011-10-04 with Political Science categories.
The Industrial Revolution, powered by oil and other fossil fuels, is spiraling into a dangerous endgame. The price of gas and food are climbing, unemployment remains high, the housing market has tanked, consumer and government debt is soaring, and the recovery is slowing. Facing the prospect of a second collapse of the global economy, humanity is desperate for a sustainable economic game plan to take us into the future. Here, Jeremy Rifkin explores how Internet technology and renewable energy are merging to create a powerful "Third Industrial Revolution." He asks us to imagine hundreds of millions of people producing their own green energy in their homes, offices, and factories, and sharing it with each other in an "energy internet," just like we now create and share information online. Rifkin describes how the five-pillars of the Third Industrial Revolution will create thousands of businesses, millions of jobs, and usher in a fundamental reordering of human relationships, from hierarchical to lateral power, that will impact the way we conduct commerce, govern society, educate our children, and engage in civic life. Rifkin's vision is already gaining traction in the international community. The European Union Parliament has issued a formal declaration calling for its implementation, and other nations in Asia, Africa, and the Americas, are quickly preparing their own initiatives for transitioning into the new economic paradigm. The Third Industrial Revolution is an insider's account of the next great economic era, including a look into the personalities and players — heads of state, global CEOs, social entrepreneurs, and NGOs — who are pioneering its implementation around the world.
Regional Climate Studies Of China
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Author : Congbin Fu
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2008-09-26
Regional Climate Studies Of China written by Congbin Fu and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008-09-26 with Science categories.
Regional Climate of China is the first volume to present the latest research findings gained over the last decade which has greatly advanced our knowledge of the regional climate researches in China. A distinctive feature of the volume is that it is based on an integration of researches by using the advanced technologies, such as field observation and experiment, satellite information and numerical models in the regional climate studies.
Liberalism Disavowed
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Author : Chua Beng Huat
language : en
Publisher: NUS Press
Release Date : 2017-06-23
Liberalism Disavowed written by Chua Beng Huat and has been published by NUS Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-06-23 with History categories.
In Liberalism Disavowed, Chua Beng Huat examines the rejection of Western-style liberalism in Singapore and the way the People's Action Party has forged an independent non-Western ideology. This book explains the evolution of this communitarian ideology, with focus on three areas: public housing, multiracialism and state capitalism, each of which poses different challenges to liberal approaches. With the passing of the first Prime Minister, Lee Kuan Yew and the end of the Cold War, the party is facing greater challenges from an educated populace that demands greater voice. This has led to liberalization of the cultural sphere, greater responsiveness and shifts in political rhetoric, but all without disrupting the continuing hegemony of the PAP in government.
Global Peace Index 2019
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Author : Institute for Economics and Peace
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2019-06-12
Global Peace Index 2019 written by Institute for Economics and Peace and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-06-12 with categories.