Descartes In 60 Minutes
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Descartes In 60 Minutes
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Author : Walther Ziegler
language : en
Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand
Release Date : 2022-09-08
Descartes In 60 Minutes written by Walther Ziegler and has been published by BoD – Books on Demand this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-09-08 with Philosophy categories.
The French thinker René Descartes is one of the best-known philosophers in the world. His brief dictum "I think, therefore I am" has become part of all humanity's cultural heritage. Just as Columbus discovered an unknown continent, the so-called "New World", Descartes succeeded in opening up a new dimension of knowledge and altering our view of reality. Prior to Descartes, people in the Christian West believed, for over a thousand years, in the Bible as testimony to God's revealed truth. Then came Descartes with the radical demand that knowledge had from then on to rely on a basis of absolute certainty: "It was always my most earnest desire to learn to distinguish the true from the false". He posed the fundamental question: how does one arrive at sure and certain knowledge? On what can I really rely? On what I see and hear? On thought and logic? Or perhaps on what I have learned from my earliest childhood on? His radical answer runs: on nothing at all! We must doubt absolutely everything! In his famous Meditations on First Philosophy Descartes describes his search for this absolutely certain knowledge. The result he arrives at: I can doubt anything and everything but in the moment of my doubting I cannot doubt that there is an "I" that thinks and doubts: "I think, therefore I am". Is thinking really the human trait that decides everything about us? Is there really nothing in the world except "thinking" within us and thoughtless, soulless bodies outside of us? Is it science's task to subjugate matter, plants and animals and even the human body itself? Descartes does more than just lay the ground for modern science. In a sense, his thought has become our destiny, both for good and for bad. The book appears as part of the well-loved series Great Thinkers in 60 Minutes which has now been translated worldwide into six languages.
Great Thinkers In 60 Minutes Volume 3
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Author : Walther Ziegler
language : en
Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand
Release Date : 2022-12-21
Great Thinkers In 60 Minutes Volume 3 written by Walther Ziegler and has been published by BoD – Books on Demand this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-12-21 with Philosophy categories.
"Great Thinkers in 60 Minutes Volume 3" comprises the five books "Confucius in 60 Minutes", "Buddha in 60 Minutes", "Epicurus in 60 Minutes", "Descartes in 60 Minutes", and "Hobbes in 60 Minutes". Each short study sums up the key idea at the heart of each respective thinker and asks the question: "Of what use is this key idea to us today?" But above all the philosophers get to speak for themselves. Their most important statements are prominently presented, as direct quotations, in speech balloons with appropriate graphics, with exact indication of the source of each quote in the author's works. This light-hearted but nonetheless scholarly precise rendering of the ideas of each thinker makes it easy for the reader to acquaint him- or herself with the great questions of our lives. Because every philosopher who has achieved global fame has posed the "question of meaning": what is it that holds, at the most essential level, the world together? For Confucius it is the search for the Dao, for the right path that leads us human beings to one another. For the Buddha it is a radical liberation from our needs and the approach, through meditation, to Nirvana. For Epicurus, by contrast, the meaning of life consists in the letting-be of our pleasures and the imbeddedness of existence in our bodies. Descartes, for his part, considers thinking to be the decisive quality of Man, allowing him to explore and master the world. Hobbes, finally, sees the central element of meaning to consist in humans' peaceful coexistence thanks to the founding of states, i.e. in a political act. In other words, the meaning of the world and thus of our own lives remains, among philosophers, a topic of great controversy. One thing, though, is sure: each of these five thinkers struck, from his own perspective, one brilliant spark out of that complex crystal that is the truth.
Descartes In 60 Minutes
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Author : Walther Ziegler
language : en
Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand
Release Date : 2022-08-16
Descartes In 60 Minutes written by Walther Ziegler and has been published by BoD – Books on Demand this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-08-16 with Philosophy categories.
The French thinker René Descartes is one of the best-known philosophers in the world. His brief dictum "I think, therefore I am" has become part of all humanity's cultural heritage. Just as Columbus discovered an unknown continent, the so-called "New World", Descartes succeeded in opening up a new dimension of knowledge and altering our view of reality. Prior to Descartes, people in the Christian West believed, for over a thousand years, in the Bible as testimony to God's revealed truth. Then came Descartes with the radical demand that knowledge had from then on to rely on a basis of absolute certainty: "It was always my most earnest desire to learn to distinguish the true from the false". He posed the fundamental question: how does one arrive at sure and certain knowledge? On what can I really rely? On what I see and hear? On thought and logic? Or perhaps on what I have learned from my earliest childhood on? His radical answer runs: on nothing at all! We must doubt absolutely everything! In his famous Meditations on First Philosophy Descartes describes his search for this absolutely certain knowledge. The result he arrives at: I can doubt anything and everything but in the moment of my doubting I cannot doubt that there is an "I" that thinks and doubts: "I think, therefore I am". Is thinking really the human trait that decides everything about us? Is there really nothing in the world except "thinking" within us and thoughtless, soulless bodies outside of us? Is it science's task to subjugate matter, plants and animals and even the human body itself? Descartes does more than just lay the ground for modern science. In a sense, his thought has become our destiny, both for good and for bad. The book appears as part of the well-loved series Great Thinkers in 60 Minutes which has now been translated worldwide into six languages.
Descartes En 60 Minutes
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Author : Walther Ziegler
language : fr
Publisher: BoD - Books on Demand
Release Date : 2022-08-05
Descartes En 60 Minutes written by Walther Ziegler and has been published by BoD - Books on Demand this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-08-05 with Philosophy categories.
René Descartes est l'un des philosophes les plus connus au monde. Sa petite phrase « Je pense, donc je suis » est devenue un bien culturel universel de l'humanité. Tout comme Christophe Colomb qui découvre un continent jusqu'alors inconnu, le « Nouveau Monde », Descartes parvient à créer une nouvelle dimension du savoir et à modifier notre regard sur le monde. Avant Descartes, les chrétiens d'Occident ont cru pendant plus de mille ans à la Bible en tant que preuve écrite de la révélation divine. Descartes arrive alors avec une exigence radicale. Selon lui, désormais, le savoir doit se baser sur des connaissances certaines : « J'avais toujours un extrême désir d'apprendre à distinguer le vrai d'avec le faux. » Il pose la question fondamentale : comment accéder à la connaissance certaine ? À quoi puis-je me fier réellement ? À ce que je vois, à ce que j'entends ? À ma pensée et à la logique ? Ou peut-être à ce que j'ai appris depuis mon plus jeune âge ? Sa réponse est radicale : à rien du tout ! Nous devons douter de tout. Dans son célèbre ouvrage « Méditations métaphysiques », il décrit sa quête d'un savoir absolument certain. Et conclut : Je peux effectivement douter de tout, mais au moment même où je doute, il faut bien que j'existe en tant qu'être doutant et pensant : « Je pense donc je suis. » La pensée est-elle vraiment notre caractéristique essentielle ? Et n'existe-t-il rien d'autre au monde que la pensée en nous et les corps dépourvus d'âme à l'extérieur de nous ? Est-ce rôle de la science d'assujettir la matière, les plantes, les animaux et le corps humain ? Descartes est plus qu'un simple précurseur de la science moderne. À certains égards, sa pensée va devenir notre destin, en positif comme en négatif. Le livre est paru dans la série populaire « Grands penseurs en 60 minutes » qui est traduite en six langues dans le monde entier.
Great Thinkers In 60 Minutes Volume 3
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Author : Walther Ziegler
language : en
Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand
Release Date : 2023-01-11
Great Thinkers In 60 Minutes Volume 3 written by Walther Ziegler and has been published by BoD – Books on Demand this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-01-11 with Philosophy categories.
"Great Thinkers in 60 Minutes Volume 3" comprises the five books "Confucius in 60 Minutes", "Buddha in 60 Minutes", "Epicurus in 60 Minutes", "Descartes in 60 Minutes", and "Hobbes in 60 Minutes". Each short study sums up the key idea at the heart of each respective thinker and asks the question: "Of what use is this key idea to us today?" But above all the philosophers get to speak for themselves. Their most important statements are prominently presented, as direct quotations, in speech balloons with appropriate graphics, with exact indication of the source of each quote in the author's works. This light-hearted but nonetheless scholarly precise rendering of the ideas of each thinker makes it easy for the reader to acquaint him- or herself with the great questions of our lives. Because every philosopher who has achieved global fame has posed the "question of meaning": what is it that holds, at the most essential level, the world together? For Confucius it is the search for the Dao, for the right path that leads us human beings to one another. For the Buddha it is a radical liberation from our needs and the approach, through meditation, to Nirvana. For Epicurus, by contrast, the meaning of life consists in the letting-be of our pleasures and the imbeddedness of existence in our bodies. Descartes, for his part, considers thinking to be the decisive quality of Man, allowing him to explore and master the world. Hobbes, finally, sees the central element of meaning to consist in humans' peaceful coexistence thanks to the founding of states, i.e. in a political act. In other words, the meaning of the world and thus of our own lives remains, among philosophers, a topic of great controversy. One thing, though, is sure: each of these five thinkers struck, from his own perspective, one brilliant spark out of that complex crystal that is the truth.
Nietzsche In 60 Minutes
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Author : Walther Ziegler
language : en
Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand
Release Date : 2018-06-21
Nietzsche In 60 Minutes written by Walther Ziegler and has been published by BoD – Books on Demand this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-06-21 with Philosophy categories.
Nietzsche has the reputation of being the most provocative and controversial of all philosophers. What he demanded of humanity was something tremendous: that we should develop beyond ourselves and become "overmen". Formerly, we could draw a meaning for our lives from religion. But this is no longer possible because, as Nietzsche says: "God is dead!" This brief dictum has echoed around the world. Man, Nietzsche argues, has freed himself, with the rise of the natural sciences, from all belief in a "beyond" and now has, for the first time, the chance to take his existence into his own hands. Most human beings, however, prove unable to fill the gap in their lives that the "death of God" has left. They continue to seek salvation in such new gods, or idols, as nationalism, socialism, racism, or capitalism. But instead of slipping into the blind worship of these new gods, or "godlets", we need - so argues Nietzsche - rather to trust in our own selves, allow our own "will to power" to unfold, and become "overmen". Just as flowers stretch up toward the sun and animals seek constantly after nourishment, we human beings too must struggle every day to secure our lives and render them richer and more intense. In daily life, conducting this struggle must always mean, in part, conducting it at other people's expense: whoever, for example, applies for a job as a manager and gets it will necessarily cause bitter disappointment among those who applied and failed. "One furthers one's ego always at the expense of others", writes Nietzsche. But "will to power" finds a whole series of very different forms of expression. The artist, the father of a family, the politician, the businessman, the employee, indeed every one of us individually, must find his or her own highly personal and particular path to self-development. "Become who you are!" "Nietzsche in 60 Minutes" explains his exhilarating philosophy step by step making use of some 160 of the most important passages from his works.
Great Thinkers In 60 Minutes Volume 5
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Author : Walther Ziegler
language : en
Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand
Release Date : 2023-01-12
Great Thinkers In 60 Minutes Volume 5 written by Walther Ziegler and has been published by BoD – Books on Demand this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-01-12 with Philosophy categories.
"Great Thinkers in 60 Minutes Volume 5" comprises the five books "Adorno in 60 Minutes", "Habermas in 60 Minutes", "Foucault in 60 Minutes", "Rawls in 60 Minutes", and "Popper in 60 Minutes". Each short study sums up the key idea at the heart of each respective thinker and asks the question: "Of what use is this key idea to us today?" But above all the philosophers get to speak for themselves. Their most important statements are prominently presented, as direct quotations, in speech balloons with appropriate graphics, with exact indication of the source of each quote in the author's works. This light-hearted but nonetheless scholarly precise rendering of the ideas of each thinker makes it easy for the reader to acquaint him- or herself with the great questions of our lives. Because every philosopher who has achieved global fame has posed the "question of meaning": what is it that holds, at the most essential level, the world together? For Adorno it is the dialectical development of civilization from the Stone Age up to capitalism along with the alienation of Man from Nature that goes with it. Habermas, by contrast, sees in this historical process of development the chance to gradually improve society through the emancipatory power of language in communicative action. Foucault remains sceptical here and reveals to us the rigid structures in which we, as modern individuals, are trapped. Rawls develops a complex and compelling procedure for the creation of an ideally just state of affairs. Popper, finally, establishes a quite new theory of science whereby every scientific truth has only a provisional character so that it must eventually be relieved and replaced by better truths. In other words, the meaning of the world and thus of our own lives remains, among philosophers, a topic of great controversy. One thing, though, is sure: each of these five thinkers struck, from his own perspective, one brilliant spark out of that complex crystal that is the truth.
Descartes In Ninety Minutes
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Author : Paul Strathern
language : en
Publisher: Constable Limited
Release Date : 1996-01-01
Descartes In Ninety Minutes written by Paul Strathern and has been published by Constable Limited this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1996-01-01 with Philosophers categories.
Rene Descartes spent much of his life in solitude. Fortunately, these countless lonely hours helped Descartes produce the declaration that changed all philosophy: "I think, therefore I am." Convincing himself to doubt and disregard sensory knowledge, Descartes found he could prove his existence through his thoughts alone. This internal reality, he believed, was the true reality, while the external was hopelessly deceiving. In Descartes in 90 Minutes, Paul Strathern offers a concise, expert account of Descartes's life and ideas and explains their influence on man's struggle to understand his existence in the world. The book also includes selections from Descartes's work, a brief list of suggested readings for those who wish to delve deeper, and chronologies that place Descartes within his own age and in the broader scheme of philosophy.
Epicurus In 60 Minutes
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Author : Walther Ziegler
language : en
Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand
Release Date : 2022-08-24
Epicurus In 60 Minutes written by Walther Ziegler and has been published by BoD – Books on Demand this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-08-24 with Philosophy categories.
The philosopher Epicurus (341-270 BC) has been controversial since antiquity. His provocative key idea is of compelling simplicity. Every human being possesses, by nature, an internal compass. In order to be happy he must do what causes him pleasure and joy and avoid what causes him unpleasure and harm. He writes: "Pleasure is the starting point and goal of living blessedly [...] (It is) our first innate good, and [...] our starting point for every choice and avoidance." Already newborns follow this "pleasure principle". But this discovery, which might at first seem so obvious, struck Epicurus's contemporaries as a monstrous provocation. The notion that the highest goal of life is enjoying pleasure stands in stark contrast to the then-established teachings of Plato, Aristotle and the Stoics. These latter saw reason and a life lived by reason as the highest goal of Man. Because Epicurus accepted women into his school and even had a love affair with one of them, his contemporaries called him a "glutton" and "sex fiend". The Greek poet Timon described him as "doggish", the Stoic Epictetus as a "wastrel". Christian authors later even called him the Antichrist. But these critiques are fundamentally false, because beyond a superficial striving for pleasure, Epicurus's deeper concern was a lifelong, painstaking "care of the self". His questions, then, remain burningly relevant. What are the basic human needs whose satisfaction yields a happy life? Which needs are really necessary to life and which not? How, concretely, should we deal with these needs: for example with the need for food, drink, sexual intercourse and friendship? The book contains almost a hundred quotes from this charismatic ancient philosopher. It appears as part of the beloved series "Great Thinkers in 60 Minutes" which has now been translated worldwide into six languages.
Camus In 60 Minutes
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Author : Walther Ziegler
language : en
Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand
Release Date : 2016-07-08
Camus In 60 Minutes written by Walther Ziegler and has been published by BoD – Books on Demand this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-07-08 with Philosophy categories.
Albert Camus was a legend in his own lifetime, as a successful author, a philosopher and a “ladies’ man”. His philosophical discoveries remain provocative even today. Because, like all great philosophers, Camus posed the question of the meaning of life. But his answer to this question was an answer of an entirely new kind. This question as to the meaning of life has been answered, of course, very differently down the centuries. For Plato it is ‘the Good’ that holds the world together; for Hegel the ‘World-Spirit’; for Marx the relations of production; for Sartre freedom; for Nietzsche ‘will to power’; and for Habermas the development of communicative reason. Really, each philosopher has his own answer to this question. But Camus is the exception here. He has none. Or rather, worse: he has an answer, but one of very sobering effect. His answer to the question ‘what is the meaning of life?’ is simply ‘It has no meaning. Life is absurd’. We plan ahead and make decisions, but in the last analysis our whole life depends on a series of chance events over which we have no control. Nor is there really a goal. Nevertheless, it is our task to live proudly and undauntedly on. Camus compares the life of Man with the myth of Sisyphus. The mythical Sisyphus strained tirelessly to push a boulder up a mountainside, even though it always rolled back down before he reached the top. But precisely in this apparently senseless and absurd activity lay, argued Camus, a chance for a fulfilled life. Camus explains to us how we can live with absurdity. We must, he says, imagine Sisyphus happy. The book Camus in 60 Minutes explains, using selected quotations and examples, this theory of “the absurd” as it is developed by Camus in his main philosophical works The Myth of Sisyphus and The Rebel. The chapter on “what use Camus’ discovery is for us today” describes the “absurd style of life” that Camus recommends. Camus’ colourful examples of “absurd life-projects”, and his descriptions of how one best confronts “the absurd” itself and leads a life without God or ideological orientation are, above all in our modern societies, of powerful relevance and topicality. The book forms part of the popular series Great Thinkers in 60 Minutes.