Design Of Precast Concrete Structures Against Accidental Actions

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Design Of Precast Concrete Structures Against Accidental Actions

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Author : fib Fédération internationale du béton
language : en
Publisher: fib Fédération internationale du béton
Release Date : 2012-01-01

Design Of Precast Concrete Structures Against Accidental Actions written by fib Fédération internationale du béton and has been published by fib Fédération internationale du béton this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-01-01 with Technology & Engineering categories.

Since the 1980’s, several buildings throughout the world have been subject to gas explosions, impact by cars or airplanes, or car bomb attacks. In many cases the effect of the impact or explosion has been the failure of a critical structural member at the perimeter of the building. After the failure, the load supported by that member could not be redistributed and part or all of the structure has collapsed in a progressive manner. The phenomenon that occurs when local failure is not confined to the area of initial distress, and spreads horizontally and/or vertically through the structure, is termed progressive collapse. Progressive collapse is a relatively rare event, as it requires both an accidental action to cause local damage and a structure that lacks adequate continuity, ductility, and redundancy to prevent the spread of damage. It is technically very difficult and economically prohibitive to design buildings for absolute safety. However it is possible to construct precast concrete buildings that afford an acceptable degree of safety with regard to accidental actions. A structure is normally designed to respond properly, without damage, under normal load conditions, but local and/or global damages cannot be avoided under the effect of an unexpected, but moderate degree of accidental overload. Properly designed and constructed structures usually possess reasonable probability not to collapse catastrophically under such loads, depending on different factors, for example: the type of loading; the degree and the location of accidental loading in regard to the structure and its structural members; the type of structural system, the construction technology, and the spans between structural vertical members, etc. No structure can be expected to be totally resistant to actions arising from an unexpected and extreme cause, but it should not be damaged to an extent that is disproportionate to the original cause. The aim of fib Bulletin 63 is to summarize the present knowledge on the subject and to provide guidance for the design of precast structures against progressive collapse. This is addressed in terms of (a) the classification of the actions, (b) their effect on the structural types, (c) the strategies to cope with such actions, (d) the design methods and (e) some typical detailing, all supplemented with illustrations from around the world, and some model calculations.

Planning And Design Handbook On Precast Building Structures

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Author : FIB - Féd. Int. du Béton
language : en
Publisher: FIB - Féd. Int. du Béton
Release Date : 2014

Planning And Design Handbook On Precast Building Structures written by FIB - Féd. Int. du Béton and has been published by FIB - Féd. Int. du Béton this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014 with Technology & Engineering categories.

In 1994 fib Commission 6: Prefabrication edited a successful Planning and Design Handbook that ran to approximately 45,000 copies and was published in Spanish and German. Nearly 20 years later Bulletin 74 brings that first publication up to date. It offers a synthesis of the latest structural design knowledge about precast building structures against the background of 21st century technological innovations in materials, production and construction. With it, we hope to help architects and engineers achieve a full understanding of precast concrete building structures, the possibilities they offer and their specific design philosophy. It was principally written for non-seismic structures. The handbook contains eleven chapters, each dealing with a specific aspect of precast building structures. The first chapter of the handbook highlights best practice opportunities that will enable architects, design engineers and contractors to work together towards finding efficient solutions, which is something unique to precast concrete buildings. The second chapter offers basic design recommendations that take into account the possibilities, restrictions and advantages of precast concrete, along with its detailing, manufacture, transport, erection and serviceability stages. Chapter three describes the precast solutions for the most common types of buildings such as offices, sports stadiums, residential buildings, hotels, industrial warehouses and car parks. Different application possibilities are explored to teach us which types of precast units are commonly used in all those situations. Chapter four covers the basic design principles and systems related to stability. Precast concrete structures should be designed according to a specific stability concept, unlike cast in-situ structures. Chapter five discusses structural connections. Chapters six to nine address the four most commonly used systems or subsystems of precast concrete in buildings, namely, portal and skeletal structures, wall-frame structures, floor and roof structures and architectural concrete facades. In chapter ten the design and detailing of a number of specific construction details in precast elements are discussed, for example, supports, corbels, openings and cutouts in the units, special features related to the detailing of the reinforcement, and so forth. Chapter eleven gives guidelines for the fire design of precast concrete structures. The handbook concludes with a list of references to good literature on precast concrete construction.

Acceptance Of Post Tensioning Systems For Cryogenic Applications

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Author : FIB – International Federation for Structural Concrete
language : en
Publisher: FIB - International Federation for Structural Concrete
Release Date : 2021-04-01

Acceptance Of Post Tensioning Systems For Cryogenic Applications written by FIB – International Federation for Structural Concrete and has been published by FIB - International Federation for Structural Concrete this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-04-01 with Technology & Engineering categories.

Since the Second World War the demand of energy has undergone an exponential growth that has led to a sharp annual increase in the use of natural gas in both, cities and thermal power stations. Nowadays, the strategic relevance of natural gas as a main source of energy is evident with a contribution of more than 20% of the total world consumption. This development in increasing demand of natural gas has led for a need of suitable storage and transportation infrastructure. Various gases, especially hydrocarbons, are preferably stored in liquid form for transportation and storage since the phase transformation from gas to liquid comes with a significant reduction of the volume (e.g. up to 600 times). Gases can be liquefied by raising the pressure or by cooling to their boiling point, which for most gases is below 0°C. This is known as cryogenic storage. The term cryogenic is derived from two Greek words, namely kryos meaning icy-cold and genes which can be translated as shape. These fib recommendations are concerned about post-tensioning systems used in cryogenic tanks and have been formulated on the basis of actual available knowledge with the aim to reflect the current state of the art. Consequently, these recommendations have included a classification of the different cryogenic tanks typologies used in the past and nowadays, the associated different tendon types depending on their exposure to low temperature (e.g. never, only accidentally or during normal tank operation) and the testing regime required for acceptance of the materials and the post-tensioning system according to this document. An international working group comprising more than 20 experts from administrative authorities, universities, laboratories, owners, structural designers, suppliers of prestressing steels and post-tensioning systems suppliers have actively contributed in order to develop these recommendations. This text has been written to cover best construction practices around the world, and to provide material specifications which are considered to be the most advanced available at the time of preparing this text. For ease of use (for Owner, Designer and Post-tensioning System Supplier), the content has been arranged systematically according to the system components into chapters focusing on performance characteristics, requirements and acceptance criteria.

Guidelines For Submerged Floating Tube Bridges

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Author : FIB – International Federation for Structural Concrete
language : en
Publisher: FIB - International Federation for Structural Concrete
Release Date : 2020-10-01

Guidelines For Submerged Floating Tube Bridges written by FIB – International Federation for Structural Concrete and has been published by FIB - International Federation for Structural Concrete this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-10-01 with Technology & Engineering categories.

This bulletin is a guidelines document for “Submerged Floating Tube Bridges”, that represents an innovation in Marine Concrete Structures. This theme is considered important for Commission 1 since in the future several applications are forecast in marine environments. Submerged Floating Tube Bridges are a solution that can be proposed to solve different problems in passing water constrains as lakes and fiords, reducing the impact and allowing several economic advantages. The guidelines certainly will boost the application of Submerged Floating Tube Bridges since the document is useful not only for designers but also for construction companies, owners and public administrations. As guidelines, the bulletin gives wide information on the design, construction and management of these structures, allowing all the users to be confident in promoting the use of Submerged Floating Tube Bridges.

Birth Certificate And Through Life Management Documentation

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Author : FIB – International Federation for Structural Concrete
language : en
Publisher: FIB - International Federation for Structural Concrete
Release Date : 2020-06-01

Birth Certificate And Through Life Management Documentation written by FIB – International Federation for Structural Concrete and has been published by FIB - International Federation for Structural Concrete this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-06-01 with Technology & Engineering categories.

While it is generally accepted by owners and users that vehicles such as airplanes or cars must be subjected to a pre-defined maintenance plan during their lifetime, this is less obvious in public opinion for engineering structures and buildings. This may be related to the general feeling that “moving objects” should be more sensitive to aging and deterioration than “structures anchored in ground”! This may also relate to the fact that detailed maintenance manuals, which are considered obligatory by insurance companies, are generally for aircraft, boats and cars, but not systematically for civil engineering structures, except for iconic or major projects. The performance-based approach to the durability design and assessment of concrete structures is also becoming increasingly popular in the construction sector. In recent years, numerous studies have been carried out worldwide in order to better assess the expected properties related to the durability of concrete. This has led to the standardization of test protocols, but also to a better understanding of the main parameters impacting the overall durability of concrete. Documentation related to durability indicators will then become increasingly necessary for the accurate implementation of a performance-based approach that enables the promotion of sustainable materials. Durability models have a strong need for relevant in-field data feedback in order to define accurate inputs for modelling both during the design process (gathered from previous projects) and during the follow-up process to allow for re-calibration of inputs and re-assessment of durability expectations by the models if judged necessary. A framework for data collection was therefore considered extremely importance by the fib Commission 8: Durability, and is the objective of this fib Technical report “Birth-certificate and Through-Life Management Documentation”. It is indeed very important to collect relevant data within a comprehensive and standardized format, as now proposed by this fib Bulletin. Thanks to its pre-defined format, compatible with the general fib framework, “Birth-certificate and Through-Life Management Documentation” will definitively be useful to owners for the maintenance plan and intervention strategies of their assets. This operational technical report will also be very useful for designers, as it should encourage the collection of relevant information in databases to be used for future projects where a realistic assessment of expected properties is considered through largely similar concrete mix designs under given exposure conditions. The Commission, which deals with durability aspects, hopes that this Bulletin will provide users a valuable tool and perspective on service life management issues.

Current Perspectives And New Directions In Mechanics Modelling And Design Of Structural Systems

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Author : Alphose Zingoni
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2022-09-05

Current Perspectives And New Directions In Mechanics Modelling And Design Of Structural Systems written by Alphose Zingoni and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-09-05 with Technology & Engineering categories.

Current Perspectives and New Directions in Mechanics, Modelling and Design of Structural Systems comprises 330 papers that were presented at the Eighth International Conference on Structural Engineering, Mechanics and Computation (SEMC 2022, Cape Town, South Africa, 5-7 September 2022). The topics featured may be clustered into six broad categories that span the themes of mechanics, modelling and engineering design: (i) mechanics of materials (elasticity, plasticity, porous media, fracture, fatigue, damage, delamination, viscosity, creep, shrinkage, etc); (ii) mechanics of structures (dynamics, vibration, seismic response, soil-structure interaction, fluid-structure interaction, response to blast and impact, response to fire, structural stability, buckling, collapse behaviour); (iii) numerical modelling and experimental testing (numerical methods, simulation techniques, multi-scale modelling, computational modelling, laboratory testing, field testing, experimental measurements); (iv) design in traditional engineering materials (steel, concrete, steel-concrete composite, aluminium, masonry, timber); (v) innovative concepts, sustainable engineering and special structures (nanostructures, adaptive structures, smart structures, composite structures, glass structures, bio-inspired structures, shells, membranes, space structures, lightweight structures, etc); (vi) the engineering process and life-cycle considerations (conceptualisation, planning, analysis, design, optimization, construction, assembly, manufacture, maintenance, monitoring, assessment, repair, strengthening, retrofitting, decommissioning). Two versions of the papers are available: full papers of length 6 pages are included in an e-book, while short papers of length 2 pages, intended to be concise but self-contained summaries of the full papers, are in this printed book. This work will be of interest to civil, structural, mechanical, marine and aerospace engineers, as well as planners and architects.

Integrated Life Cycle Assessment Of Concrete Structures

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Author : fib Fédération Internationale du béton
language : en
Publisher: fib Fédération Internationale du béton
Release Date : 2013-09-03

Integrated Life Cycle Assessment Of Concrete Structures written by fib Fédération Internationale du béton and has been published by fib Fédération Internationale du béton this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-09-03 with Technology & Engineering categories.

Concrete is after water the second most used material. The production of concrete in the industrialized countries annually amounts to 1.5-3 tonne per capita and is still increasing. This has significant impact on the environment. Thus there is an urgent need for more effective use of concrete in structures and their assessment. The scope of activities of the fib Task Group 3.7 was to define the methodology for integrated life-cycle assessment of concrete structures considering main essential aspects of sustainability such as: environmental, economic and social aspects throughout the whole life of the concrete structure. The aim was to set up basic methodology to be helpful in development of design and assessment tools focused on sustainability of concrete structure within the whole life cycle. Integrated Life Cycle Assessment (ILCA) represents an advanced approach integrating different aspects of sustainability in one complex assessment procedure. The integrated approach is necessary to insure that the structure will serve during the whole expected service life with a maximum functional quality and safety, while environmental and economic loads will be kept at a low level. The effective application and quality of results are dependent on the availability of relevant input data obtained using a detailed inventory analysis, based on specific regional conditions. The evaluation of the real level of total quality of concrete structure should be based on a detailed ILCA analysis using regionally or locally relevant data sets.

Benchmarking Of Deemed To Satisfy Provisions In Standards

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Author : fib Fédération internationale du béton
language : en
Publisher: fib Fédération internationale du béton
Release Date : 2015-05-01

Benchmarking Of Deemed To Satisfy Provisions In Standards written by fib Fédération internationale du béton and has been published by fib Fédération internationale du béton this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-05-01 with Technology & Engineering categories.

Standards for specifying and ensuring the durability of new concrete structures are commonly of the prescriptive kind. fib Bulletin 76: Benchmarking of deemed-to-satisfy provisions in standards - Durability of reinforced concrete structures exposed to chlorides presents the benchmarking of a number of rules for chloride-induced corrosion as given in national codes such as European, US and Australian standards. This new benchmark determines the reliability ranges in the chloride-induced depassivation of rebar if the deemed-to-satisfy rules of different countries are taken into consideration. It does not only involve (probabilistic) calculations using input mainly based on short-term and rapid laboratory-test data but also involves input based on an independent assessment of existing structures. The reliability analyses are carried out using the probabilistic design approach for chloride-induced corrosion presented in fib Bulletin 34: Model Code for Service Life Design (2006), fib Model Code for Concrete Structures 2010 and ISO 16204:2012. The work compares the calculated reliability ranges thus determined with the target reliabilities proposed by current specifications and, based on the comparison, offers a proposal for the improvement of deemed-to-satisfy rules and specifications. fib Bulletin 76 presents and discusses in detail the input data for the examined model parameters and offers an extensive annexe documenting the values of the individual parameters used in the analyses. It thus provides a reliable database for the performance-based probabilistic service-life design of concrete structures exposed to chlorides, be they in the form of salt fog, sea water or de-icing salts.

Precast Concrete Structures

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Author : Kim S. Elliott
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2019-08-08

Precast Concrete Structures written by Kim S. Elliott and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-08-08 with Technology & Engineering categories.

This second edition of Precast Concrete Structures introduces the conceptual design ideas for the prefabrication of concrete structures and presents a number of worked examples that translate designs from BS 8110 to Eurocode EC2, before going into the detail of the design, manufacture, and construction of precast concrete multi-storey buildings. Detailed structural analysis of precast concrete and its use is provided and some details are presented of recent precast skeletal frames of up to forty storeys. The theory is supported by numerous worked examples to Eurocodes and European Product Standards for precast reinforced and prestressed concrete elements, composite construction, joints and connections and frame stability, together with extensive specifications for precast concrete structures. The book is extensively illustrated with over 500 photographs and line drawings.

Towards A Rational Understanding Of Shear In Beams And Slabs

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Author : fib Fédération internationale du béton
language : en
Publisher: FIB - Féd. Int. du Béton
Release Date : 2018-05-01

Towards A Rational Understanding Of Shear In Beams And Slabs written by fib Fédération internationale du béton and has been published by FIB - Féd. Int. du Béton this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-05-01 with Technology & Engineering categories.

Reliable performance of beams and slabs in shear is essential for the safety and also for the serviceability of reinforced concrete structures. A possible failure in shear is usually a brittle failure, which underlines the importance of the correct specification of the load carrying capacity in shear. The knowledge of performance in shear is steadily developing and it is now obvious that older structures were not always designed in accordance with contemporary requirements. The increasing load – mainly on bridges – requires the assessment of existing structures, often followed by their strengthening. An appropriate understanding of actual performance of concrete structures in shear is therefore of primary interest. The workshop which was held in Zürich in 2016 brought together a significant number of outstanding specialists working in the field of shear design, who had a chance to exchange their opinions and proposals for improving the current knowledge of shear behaviour in beams and slabs. The specialists came from different parts of the world, which made the workshop general and representative. The workshop was organised by fib Working Party 2.2.1 “Shear in Beams” (convened by O. Bayrak), which is a part of fib Commission 2 "Analysis and Design". Individual contributions mainly address shear in beams with low transversal reinforcement. It is crucial because many existing structures lack such reinforcement. Different theories, e.g. Critical Shear Crack Theory (CSCT), Modified Compression Field Theory (MCFT), Multi-Action Shear Model (MASM), etc. were presented and compared with procedures used in selected national codes or in the fib Model Code 2010. The models for shear design were often based to a great extent on empirical experience. The refined presented models tend to take into account the physical mechanisms in structures more effectively. A brittle behaviour in shear requires not only to check the equilibrium and failure load, but also to follow the progress of failure, including the crack development and propagation, stress redistribution, etc. The significance of the size effect – which causes the nominal strength of a large structure to be smaller than that of a small structure – was pointed out. Nowadays, the fibre reinforcement is used more than before since it allows significant labour costs savings in the construction industry. The contribution of fibres is suitable for shear transfer. It is very convenient that not only ordinary fibre reinforced elements were addressed but also the UHPFRC beams. The production of this new material is indeed growing, while the development of design recommendations has not been sufficiently fast. Fatigue resistance of structures with low shear reinforcement is also an important issue, which was also addressed in this bulletin. It cannot be neglected in prestressed bridges, which are exposed to dynamic loads. A comprehensive understanding of the shear behaviour is necessary. Although many laboratory experiments are carried out, they are suitable only to a limited extent. New testing methods are being developed and show promising results, e.g. digital image correlation. An actual structure performance should rather be tested on a large scale, ideally on real structures under realistic loading conditions.ii The papers presented in the bulletin are a basis for the discussion in view of the development of updated design rules for the new fib Model Code (MC2020), which is currently under preparation. fib Bulletins like this one, dealing with shear, help to transfer knowledge from research to design practice. The authors are convinced that it will lead to better new structures design of as well as to savings and to a safety increase in older existing structures, whose future is often decided now.