Designing Economic Instruments For The Environment In A Decentralized Fiscal System
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Designing Economic Instruments For The Environment In A Decentralized Fiscal System
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Author : H. Spencer Banzhaf
language : en
Publisher: World Bank Publications
Release Date : 2007
Designing Economic Instruments For The Environment In A Decentralized Fiscal System written by H. Spencer Banzhaf and has been published by World Bank Publications this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007 with Ecology categories.
Abstract: When external effects are important, markets will be inefficient, and economists have considered several broad classes of economic instruments to correct these inefficiencies. However, the standard economic analysis has tended to neglect important distinctions and interactions between the geographic scope of pollutants, the enforcement authority of various levels of government, and the fiscal responsibilities of the levels of government. For example, externalities generated in a particular local area may be confined to the local area or may spill over to other jurisdictions. Also, local governments may be well informed about how best to regulate or enforce pollution control within their jurisdiction, but they may not consider the effects of their actions on other jurisdictions. Finally, the existence of locally-generated waste emissions affects the appropriate assignment of both expenditure and tax responsibilities among levels of government. The standard analysis therefore focuses mainly upon an aggregate (or national) perspective, it typically ignores the possibility that the externality may be created and addressed by local governments, and it does not consider the implications of decentralization for the design of economic instruments targeted at environmental problems. This paper examines the implications of decentralization for the design of corrective policies; that is, how does one design economic instruments in a decentralized fiscal system in which externalities exist at the local level and in which subnational governments have the power to provide local public services, as well as to choose tax instruments that can both finance these expenditures and correct the market failures of externalities?
Designing Economic Instruments For The Environment In A Decentralized Fiscal System
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Author : James Alm
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2016
Designing Economic Instruments For The Environment In A Decentralized Fiscal System written by James Alm and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016 with categories.
When external effects are important, markets will be inefficient, and economists have considered several broad classes of economic instruments to correct these inefficiencies. However, the standard economic analysis has tended to neglect important distinctions and interactions between the geographic scope of pollutants, the enforcement authority of various levels of government, and the fiscal responsibilities of the levels of government. For example, externalities generated in a particular local area may be confined to the local area or may spill over to other jurisdictions. Also, local governments may be well informed about how best to regulate or enforce pollution control within their jurisdiction, but they may not consider the effects of their actions on other jurisdictions. Finally, the existence of locally-generated waste emissions affects the appropriate assignment of both expenditure and tax responsibilities among levels of government. The standard analysis therefore focuses mainly upon an aggregate (or national) perspective, it typically ignores the possibility that the externality may be created and addressed by local governments, and it does not consider the implications of decentralization for the design of economic instruments targeted at environmental problems. This paper examines the implications of decentralization for the design of corrective policies; that is, how does one design economic instruments in a decentralized fiscal system in which externalities exist at the local level and in which subnational governments have the power to provide local public services, as well as to choose tax instruments that can both finance these expenditures and correct the market failures of externalities?
Designing Economic Instruments For The Environment In A Decentralized Fiscal System
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Author : H. Spencer Banzhaf
language : en
Publisher: World Bank Publications
Release Date : 2012
Designing Economic Instruments For The Environment In A Decentralized Fiscal System written by H. Spencer Banzhaf and has been published by World Bank Publications this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012 with categories.
Abstract When external effects are important, markets will be inefficient, and economists have considered several broad classes of economic instruments to correct these inefficiencies. However, the standard economic analysis has tended to take the region, and the government, as a given; that is, this work has neglected important distinctions and interactions between the geographic scope of different pollutants, the enforcement authority of various levels of government, and the fiscal responsibilities of the various levels of government. It typically ignores the possibility that the externality may be created and addressed by local governments, and it does not consider the implications of decentralization for the design of economic instruments targeted at environmental problems. This paper examines the implications of decentralization for the design of corrective policies; that is, how does one design economic instruments in a decentralized fiscal system in which externalities exist at the local level and in which subnational governments have the power to provide local public services and to choose tax instruments that can both finance these expenditures and correct the market failures of externalities?
Handbook Of Research On Environmental Taxation
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Author : Janet E. Milne
language : en
Publisher: Edward Elgar Publishing
Release Date : 2012-01-01
Handbook Of Research On Environmental Taxation written by Janet E. Milne and has been published by Edward Elgar Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-01-01 with Business & Economics categories.
ÔIngeniously organized in a life cycle format, the Handbook covers environmental taxation concepts, design, acceptance, implementation, and impact. The universal themes discussed in each area will appeal to a broad range of readers.Õ Ð Larry Kreiser, Cleveland State University, US ÔThis book is a smart and useful readerÕs guide providing analytical tools for a full comprehension of environmental taxes, with an interdisciplinary approach that looks at all the different phases of environmental taxation: from the design to the implementation, the political acceptance and the impact on the economy. The authorsÕ effort is very successful in endowing academicians, policy makers and the general public with an excellent proof of the effectiveness of environmental taxes and green tax reforms.Õ Ð Alberto Majocchi, University of Pavia, Italy ÔPutting the words ÒenvironmentÓ next to ÒtaxationÓ might not always be the flavour of the month, but no modern society can ignore the value of the natural environment and the need to maintain its good quality and no competitive economy can prosper without the necessary tax revenues to function. Environmental taxation offers the prospect of moving towards a more resource-efficient economy, where preference is given to tax more what we burn, less what we earn. I welcome this contribution to the literature.Õ Ð Commissioner Connie Hedegaard, European Commission ÔThe Milne and Andersen volume provides a splendid treatment of environmental taxation that encompasses the basic conceptual issues, problems of tax design and implementation, and several insightful case studies that show how environmental taxes actually work in practice. It is the best overall treatment of environmental taxation available: comprehensive, rigorous, and readable.Õ Ð Wallace Oates, University of Maryland, US The Handbook of Research on Environmental Taxation captures the state of the art of research on environmental taxation. Written by 36 specialists in environmental taxation from 16 countries, it takes an interdisciplinary and international approach, focusing on issues that are universal to using taxation to achieve environmental goals. The Handbook explores the conceptual foundations of environmental taxation, essential elements for designing environmental tax measures, factors that influence the acceptance of environmental taxation, the variety of ways to implement environmental taxes, their environmental and economic impact and, finally, the larger question of the role of taxation among other policy approaches to environmental protection. Intermixing theory with case studies, the Handbook offers readers lessons that can be applied around the world. It identifies key bodies of research for people who are already working in the field or entering the field and highlights issues that call for more research in the future. With systematic analysis of key issues in environmental taxation, this book will appeal to researchers, governments, think tanks, NGOs, and academics in law, economics, political science and public finance, as well as students specializing in environmental taxation and other market-based instruments.
Resources And Environmental Management For Green Development
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Author : Fengtai Zhang
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2024-02-09
Resources And Environmental Management For Green Development written by Fengtai Zhang and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2024-02-09 with Science categories.
Resources are the material basis for human development, while the environment is the fundamental condition for human development. The exploitation and utilization of resources will lead to environmental changes, which in return will have an impact on resources. At present, due to the increase of population and the continuous expansion scale of human production activities, how to address the trade-off between resources exploitation and environment protection has become an important issue for human sustainable development. Green development is a mode of economic growth and social development that emphasizes efficiency, harmony and sustainability. It can realize the coordination and sustainability among population, economy and social development, resources and environment, and is a promising means to solve the current problems associated with resources and environment.
Green Deals In The Making
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Author : Weishaar, Stefan E.
language : en
Publisher: Edward Elgar Publishing
Release Date : 2022-08-18
Green Deals In The Making written by Weishaar, Stefan E. and has been published by Edward Elgar Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-08-18 with Law categories.
Greenhouse gas concentrations are rapidly increasing and pathways to limit global warming require fundamental economic transitions. Green Deals in the Making addresses the challenges and opportunities associated with the implementation of Green Deals, in particular the use of market-based instruments.
Vanishing Borders Of Urban Local Finance
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Author : Shyam Nath
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2022-10-18
Vanishing Borders Of Urban Local Finance written by Shyam Nath and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-10-18 with Business & Economics categories.
This book examines the emerging trends in vanishing borders of urban local government finance due to uncertain local tax and expenditure regimes. It analyzes the global developments with illustrations from state budgetary operations of the Indian federation. This trend has gained momentum due to concentration of population in cities and big towns as a consequence of globalization, leading to enhanced environmental vulnerability due to climate change. Expanding expenditure needs have not been corresponded by revenue regimes and transfers. Moreover, involving corporate sector in local area preference initiatives through mandatory corporate social responsibility (CSR) is an interesting development. It is expected to work as a local fiscal additionality to supplement locally provided civic and infrastructure services. This additionality may also evolve into public private partnerships at the local level. Such development however has the potential of displacing local government operations. The focus of the book hinges around critically examining setbacks to fiscal decentralization and challenges in improving the status of urban local finances to enhance fiscal autonomy of these governments, particularly in Indian scenario. The book also explores the possibility of an expanded role of local fiscal policy in the context of globalization and climate change, besides addressing the conventional responsibilities with respect to quality of civic services.
Environmental Valuation
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Author : Jennifer Rietbergen-McCracken
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2013-10-11
Environmental Valuation written by Jennifer Rietbergen-McCracken and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-10-11 with Business & Economics categories.
This companion volume to Economic Instruments for Environmental Management presents essential information on the applications of economic valuation to environment and development. It draws on a three-year collaborative effort by research institutions around the world. Authoritative studies review the range of valuation methods used in developing economies, their purposes, the problems encountered and the quality of the results. Topics covered include the value of wildlife viewing, the conservation of rainforests, mangroves and coral reefs, supplying rural water, and controlling urban air pollution. The analysis reveals important methodological and contextual factors, highlighting key lessons and ways of strengthening future valuations. Written to be accessible to non-economists, the book provides source material for students and academics, and for policy-makers and professionals, using valuation methods to frame policy.
Economic Policy Instruments For Plastic Waste
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Author : Magnus Hennlock
language : en
Publisher: Nordic Council of Ministers
Release Date : 2015-03-18
Economic Policy Instruments For Plastic Waste written by Magnus Hennlock and has been published by Nordic Council of Ministers this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-03-18 with categories.
Achieving a high quality of waste plastic materials and recycling processes is a key challenge in closing the resource loops for plastics. This report reviews the status and trends for plastic waste flows and treatment in Denmark, Finland, Norway and Sweden. Furthermore, it gives an overview of existing policy instruments and the main challenges for designing policy instruments for improved recycling of plastic waste in these Nordic countries. The report identifies potential market failures associated with closing the resource loops for plastics. It reviews the economics research literature on policy instrument design for achieving optimal recycling rates and makes policy recommendations from the Nordic perspective. Finally, it presents results from a survey on market conditions to managers in the recycling and plastic manufacturing industry in Sweden.
Taxing Choices For Managing Natural Resources The Environment And Global Climate Change
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Author : Anwar Shah
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2023-02-21
Taxing Choices For Managing Natural Resources The Environment And Global Climate Change written by Anwar Shah and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-02-21 with Business & Economics categories.
This book reviews taxing choices to protect the local and global environment and preserve and sustain natural resources. Alternative economic instruments such as carbon taxes and tradable permits to combat global climate change are also examined. Strategies and practices for the managing and sharing of revenues from natural resources are highlighted. Also, roles of various orders of government in managing, taxing, and sharing natural resources in selected countries are documented to highlight the impact of such division of responsibilities in preserving natural resources and the environment. The susceptibility of resource revenue dependent economies to corruption and malfeasance, and the Dutch disease, is also highlighted. This book could serve as a supplementary reference book for graduate and undergraduate courses and as a sourcebook for journalists, researchers, policymakers, and government practitioners.