Desire In The Iliad
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Desire In The Iliad
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Author : Rachel H. Lesser
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2022-09-08
Desire In The Iliad written by Rachel H. Lesser and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-09-08 with History categories.
This is the first study to examine desire in the Iliad in a comprehensive way, and to explain its relationship to the epic's narrative structure and audience reception. Rachel H. Lesser offers a new reading of the poem that shows how the characters' desires, especially those of the mortal hero Achilleus and the divine king Zeus, motivate plot and keep the audience engaged with the epic until and even beyond its end. The author argues that the characters' desires are primarily organized in narrative triangles that feature two parties in conflict over a third. A variety of desires animate these triangles, including sexual passion, longing for a lost loved one, yearning for lamentation, and aggressive desires for vengeance and status, and they are signified with terms such as eros, himeros, pothe, menos, thumos, boule, and eeldor, as well as through the epic's thematic emotions of grief and anger. Desire in the Iliad shows how the mortals' and gods' triangular desires together drive and shape two Iliadic plots, the main plot of Achilleus' withdrawal from the fighting and then return to battle, and the "superplot" of the larger Trojan War story. The author also argues that these plots and their motivating desires arouse the listener's-or reader's-own corresponding desires: narrative desire to know and understand the Iliad's full story, sympathetic desire for characters' welfare, and empathetic passions, longings, and wishes. Our desires invest us in the epic narrative and their resolution brings us satisfaction.
Listening For The Plot
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Author : Rachel Hart Lesser
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2015
Listening For The Plot written by Rachel Hart Lesser and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015 with categories.
ABSTRACT Listening for the Plot: The Role of Desire in the Iliad's Narrative by Rachel Hart Lesser Doctor of Philosophy in Classics and the Designated Emphasis in Women, Gender and Sexuality University of California, Berkeley Professor Mark Griffith, Chair This dissertation is the first study to identify desire as a fundamental dynamic in the Iliad that structures its narrative and audience reception. Building on Peter Brooks' concept of "narrative erotics," I show how the desires of Akhilleus and his counterpart Helen drive and shape the Iliad's plot and how Homer captures and maintains the audience's attention by activating its parallel "narrative desire" to plot out the Iliad's unique treatment of the Trojan War story. I argue that Homer encodes the characters' desires in repeated triangles of subject, object, and rival, and that Akhilleus' aggressive desires to dominate his rivals Agamemnon and Hektor cause the heroism and suffering at the poem's heart. I approach desire and its narrative function from an interdisciplinary perspective informed by gender and sexuality studies, narrative theory, novel studies, and psychoanalysis as well as Homeric scholarship. The introductory chapter lays out and justifies my argument for the Iliad's "narrative erotics." I posit that traditional knowledge and incomplete predictions arouse the implied audience's desire to engage with the narrative, and that repetitions guide its interpretation of the plot. I also introduce the generative desires of the poem's characters, which include "queer" desires that violate established norms of gender and sexuality. I define desire as an experience of wanting characterized by lack and explore the semantics of the epic's language of desire, including eros, himeros, and pothē. In the first chapter, I demonstrate how the Iliad's programmatic first book introduces Akhilleus' desires as the engine of the main plot and provides a template for their satisfaction. When Agamemnon removes Briseis from Akhilleus' tent, Akhilleus' desire for this lost female object is paired with an aggressive desire to best the Greek leader, whose action has diminished his status. Akhilleus expresses these desires through his grief and wrath, withdrawing from battle and asking Zeus to grant the Trojans success in his absence so that the Akhaians recognize his worth. Akhilleus' desires thus produce the plot, causing the answering "desire" (pothē) and suffering of his own men. Homer emphasizes Akhilleus' creative role by associating him with the narrator and Zeus, the plot's divine architect. At the same time, the resolution of the opening conflict between Khryses and Agamemnon establishes a paradigm that guides the audience in plotting out the fulfillment of Akhilleus' desires as the narrative progresses. The second chapter identifies books 3-7 of the Iliad as a "superplot" that contextualizes Akhilleus' main plot within the larger Trojan War tradition. While Akhilleus disappears from the narrative, Homer introduces the erotic triangle of Menelaos, Helen, and Paris as the basis of the war. Helen and Paris are portrayed as "queer" subjects whose transgressive desires cause conflict and the heroic epic that commemorates it, calling into question the narrative's ethics. Helen's tapestry of the war highlights her generative role, which parallels Akhilleus'. In book 5, Diomedes' aristeia prefigures the main plot's martial heroism and the involvement of Aphrodite and Ares elucidate the imbrication of sexual and aggressive desires. Andromakhe's anguished response to the fighting in book 6, however, foreshadows the human cost of satisfying Helen's and Akhilleus' desires, problematizing the war's morality. In the third chapter, I show how Homer, in the middle books of the Iliad, delays satisfaction of the audience's and hero's desires and explores the dire consequences of Akhilleus' plot. In book 9, the poet stimulates the audience's desire for a reconciliation between Akhilleus and Agamemnon, but instead the famous embassy inadvertently repeats the original insult and reignites Akhilleus' desires, with devastating result. Homer positions these desires as the cause of the Great Day of Battle (books 11-18) and, especially, Patroklos' death, which reveals the limits of Akhilleus' vision and control. This pivotal event initiates a second movement of the main plot, making Akhilleus redirect his desire for intimacy toward Patroklos and his aggressive desire toward Patroklos' killer, Hektor. For this reason, his reconciliation with Agamemnon in book 19 fails to provide narrative resolution. Akhilleus' lack of interest in Briseis' return and refusal to partake of food help to signify his continued dissatisfaction as new desires consume him. The fourth and last chapter argues that Akhilleus' longing for his dead comrade and concomitant desire to destroy Hektor propel the plot forward to the poem's conclusion. I show how Homer focuses the narrative on Akhilleus during his devastating aristeia and uses a language of desire to describe his motivation for fighting. Drawing on psychoanalytic theories of mourning, I argue that Akhilleus' aggressive fixation on Hektor is an expression of his ambivalent desire (pothē) for Patroklos. I also identify the "queerness" of Akhilleus' desire for Patroklos and demonstrate how it engenders the Iliad's heroic climax, confirming the importance of "queer" desires for the production of the epic's narrative. Priam's embassy in book 24 finally dissolves Akhilleus' aggressive desire and allows him to satisfy his "desire for lamentation" (himeros gooio). The two men's completion of the reconciliation paradigm established in book 1 marks this resolution. But the Iliad ends only once the Trojans too are able to work through their desire for Hektor by reuniting with his body and giving him a proper funeral. I end by considering how fully the poem's conclusion satisfies the audience's narrative desire, given the continuation of the Trojan War story beyond the bounds of the epic.
The Constraints Of Desire
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Author : John J. Winkler
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2013-02-01
The Constraints Of Desire written by John J. Winkler and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-02-01 with History categories.
For centuries, classical scholars have intensely debated the "position of women" in classical Athens. Did women have a vast but informal power, or were they little better than slaves? Using methods developed from feminist anthropology, Winkler steps back from this narrowly framed question and puts it in the larger context of how sex and gender in ancient Greece were culturally constructed. His innovative approach uncovers the very real possibilities for female autonomy that existed in Greek society.
Desire The Self The Social Critic
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Author : J. F. Buckley
language : en
Publisher: Susquehanna University Press
Release Date : 1997
Desire The Self The Social Critic written by J. F. Buckley and has been published by Susquehanna University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1997 with Biography & Autobiography categories.
In Desire, the Self, the Social Critic, Professor Buckley shows that while few transcendentalists ever agree for long on philosophical or epistemological matters, four of them develop the use of "antisocial" desire into a transcendental critique of nineteenth-century American culture. Margaret Fuller, Walt Whitman, Herman Melville, and Emily Dickinson represent the individual's inherent divinity and the individual's inherent ability to transcend the exigencies of the sensate world in terms that might appear to be homosexual, bisexual, or "pansexual." They alone among their contemporaries give expression to desire for the social other, give expression to desire for the self not to be seen in the heterosexist, homophobic, misogynist social realm of everyday life.
From Document To History
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Author :
language : en
Publisher: BRILL
Release Date : 2019-06-17
From Document To History written by and has been published by BRILL this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-06-17 with History categories.
In From Document to History: Epigraphic Insights into the Greco-Roman World, editors Carlos Noreña and Nikolaos Papazarkadas gather together an exciting set of original studies on Greek and Roman epigraphy, first presented at the Second North American Congress of Greek and Latin Epigraphy (Berkeley 2016). Chapters range chronologically from the sixth century BCE to the fifth century CE, and geographically from Egypt and Asia Minor to the west European continent and British isles. Key themes include Greek and Roman epigraphies of time, space, and public display, with texts featuring individuals and social groups ranging from Roman emperors, imperial elites, and artists to gladiators, immigrants, laborers, and slaves. Several papers highlight the new technologies that are transforming our understanding of ancient inscriptions, and a number of major new texts are published here for the first time.
Ancient Graffiti In Context
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Author : Jennifer Baird
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2010-10-18
Ancient Graffiti In Context written by Jennifer Baird and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010-10-18 with Art categories.
Ancient Graffiti in Context brings together papers by historians and archaeologists using graffiti as evidence to explore the Greek and Roman worlds. Illuminating such varied topics as ancient emotions, Roman children, quarry workers, and military communities, this collection demonstrates the importance of this often undervalued form of evidence.
The Routledge Handbook Of Classics And Queer Theory
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Author : Ella Haselswerdt
language : en
Publisher: Taylor & Francis
Release Date : 2023-09-29
The Routledge Handbook Of Classics And Queer Theory written by Ella Haselswerdt and has been published by Taylor & Francis this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-09-29 with History categories.
New directions in queer theory continue to trouble the boundaries of both queerness and the classical, leading to an explosion of new work in the vast—and increasingly uncharted—intersection between these disciplines, which this interdisciplinary volume seeks to explore. This handbook convenes an international group of experts who work on the classical world and queer theory. The discipline of Classics has been involved with, and implicated in, queer theory from the start. By placing front and center the rejection of heteronormativity, queer theory has provided Classics with a powerful tool for analyzing non-normative sexual and gender relations in the ancient West, while Classics offers queer theory ancient material (such as literature, visual arts, and social practices) that challenges a wide range of modern normative categories. The collection demonstrates the vitality of this particular moment in queer classical studies, featuring an expansive array of methodologies applied to the interdisciplinary field of Classics. Embracing the indeterminacy that lies at the core of queer studies, the essays in this volume are organized not by chronology or genre, but rather by overlapping categories under the following rubrics: queer subjectivities, queer times and places, queer kinships, queer receptions, and ancient pasts/queer futures. The Routledge Handbook of Classics and Queer Theory offers an invaluable collection for anyone working on queer theory, especially as it applies to premodern periods; it will also be of interest to scholars engaging with the history of sexuality, both in the ancient world and more broadly.
Recursive Desire
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Author : Jeremy M. Downes
language : en
Publisher: University of Alabama Press
Release Date : 2014-11-20
Recursive Desire written by Jeremy M. Downes and has been published by University of Alabama Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-11-20 with Literary Criticism categories.
Recursive Desire rereads the epic tradition and specific epic poems in ways that challenge traditional notions of the genre and highlights its vital, shifting, polyvocal array (and disarray) of textual forces.
Aphrodite And Eros
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Author : Barbara Breitenberger
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2013-05-13
Aphrodite And Eros written by Barbara Breitenberger and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-05-13 with History categories.
This book offers a groundbreaking revision of the popular image of Aphrodite and Eros that lives on in Roman poetry (Venus and Cupid) and has inspired artists for centuries. An interdisciplinary analysis of the Archaic period - using literary, iconographical, and cultic evidence - shows the distinct concept behind the two deities of love. Aphrodite's character, sphere of influence, and function feature in her traditional myths and are well reflected in cult. Eros, however, was not yet a similarly personified mythical figure at that stage, nor did he have an individual cult. Breitenberger follows the different stages of the development of Eros's personality. Originally a cosmic entity and an unpersonified aspect of Aphrodite, he was given his mythical identity by successive archaic lyric poets who were particularly keen to mythologize a male counterpart to the established love-goddess Aphrodite. This male love-god turns out to be the divinized homoerotic ideal of the male aristocracy 'worshipped' at their symposia. The development of the male love-god is taken as an example to demonstrate that poets' artistic innovation as well as their social and historical background played an important role in creating Greek mythology.
The Bonding Of Will And Desire
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Author : Joanne Stroud
language : en
Publisher: Burns & Oates
Release Date : 1994
The Bonding Of Will And Desire written by Joanne Stroud and has been published by Burns & Oates this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1994 with Philosophy categories.
"Over many centuries, philosophers, theologians, and poets have been fascinated by the interplay of will and desire in the human psyche. Does will follow or precede desire? How can we bond them and thus unite body, soul, and spirit in harmonic concord? For fresh insights to these age-old questions, Dr. Joanne Stroud enlists the tools of modern psychology. Her eclectic probe of basic human drives moves from the awesome power of Eros, the great liberator of antiquity, through the impact of the monotheistic faiths on will and desire, and finally to the discordant views of the great philosophers and psychologists of the modern era, among them Nietzsche, Freud, Jung, and the little known but magnetic Frenchman, Gaston Bachelard." "Love and will, human aspirations and desires, are caught - the author concludes - in a whirlwind of change, with impersonal scientific data supplanting the myths, the ancient lore, the stories rich in imagery, that previously contoured human behavior. As a result we live, in W.B. Yeat's famous phrase, in "the age of disordered will."" "In the twentieth century will became recognized only in its more conscious applications, as almost synonymous with ego. With this increasing reverence for the strong ego, will was elevated (by psychologists, among many others) to new egotistical summits as a potent tool of power. The more subtle aspects of will, such as the way it delineates identity, have been neglected, the author contends, and can only be recaptured by an understanding of how will becomes bonded to desire."--BOOK JACKET.Title Summary field provided by Blackwell North America, Inc. All Rights Reserved