Developing Grammars
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Utterance Structure
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Author : Wolfgang Klein
language : en
Publisher: John Benjamins Publishing
Release Date : 1992-08-13
Utterance Structure written by Wolfgang Klein and has been published by John Benjamins Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1992-08-13 with Language Arts & Disciplines categories.
This volume presents the results of part of the ESF project 'Second language acquisition by adult immigrants'. The present study deals specifically with structure of utterances in learner varieties. The authors have attempted to find general principles which determine the form of utterances from the very beginning to relatively advanced stages. Chapter 1 and 2 provide the framework for the study and here the guiding hypotheses are sketched on the basis of a pilot analysis. The empirical part of the study is contained in Chapters 3-6, in which data are given for the acquisition of, respectively, English (by Punjabi and Italian learners), German (Italian and Turkish learners), Dutch (Turkish and Moroccon learners) and French (Moroccon and Spanish learners), thus allowing for crosslinguistic comparisons in various ways. For each data-set the learner's linguistic repertoire is established, and then the utterance patterns recurrent in his/her production and the constraints these patterns are subject to. In Chapter 7 the general and theoretical implications are discussed.
Developing Grammars
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Author : Willemijn M. Klein
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-06
Developing Grammars written by Willemijn M. Klein and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Psychology categories.
This study deals with variation in grammar both from a theoretical and an empirical point of view. In Part I (Chaps. 1-4), an attempt is made to char acterize this phenomenon within the broader context of what might be called the "fluctuating character of natu'ral language", and to develop suitable and precise descriptive techniques that account for it. The method which is pro posed here is called "variety grammar" - roughly speaking, this is a formal grammar with probabilistic weighting for an ordered set of varieties, such as dialects, sociolects, registers, or developmental stages. In Part II (Chaps. 5-8), this technique is applied to an important area of grammatical variation - to the process of second language acquisition in social context, based on a large investigation of the language behavior of foreign migrant workers acquiring German through everyday contacts. We have tried to characterize their "developing grammars" and to relate this complex developmental process to social and individual factors that determine it.
The Development Of Second Language Grammars
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Author : Elaine C. Klein
language : en
Publisher: John Benjamins Publishing
Release Date : 1999-05-15
The Development Of Second Language Grammars written by Elaine C. Klein and has been published by John Benjamins Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1999-05-15 with Language Arts & Disciplines categories.
This volume is a collection of state-of-the-art papers in generative studies of second language (L2) acquisition bringing together an unusually broad range of interests and inquiry. Selected papers report on controlled experimental studies within specific areas of research investigating the development of L2 grammars; others formulate exciting new proposals for methodology and learnability in both first and second language acquisition. Following an introduction which argues for new research strategies that focus on the process of acquisition along with its product, the book is divided into two sections: Current Perspectives includes compelling new work on the development of functional categories within a parameter-setting model of L2 acquisition; the second section, New Directions, introduces research and discussion on topics which reflect the latest developments in the field, including syntax-semantics correspondences, L2 processing research, code-switching from a UG perspective, and applications of Chomsky’s (1995) Minimalist Program to second language acquisition studies.
Grammar And Syntax
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Author : Monica Gordon-Pershey
language : en
Publisher: Plural Publishing
Release Date : 2022-02-22
Grammar And Syntax written by Monica Gordon-Pershey and has been published by Plural Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-02-22 with Medical categories.
Grammar and Syntax: Developing School-Age Children's Oral and Written Language Skills provides insight for clinical speech-language pathologists (SLPs) as well as students and faculty in communication sciences and disorders programs. Offering a practicing speech-language pathologist’s perspective on school-age language development, this professional reference book focuses on later language development and the crucial role oral grammar and syntax plays in successful academic performance. This resource synthesizes the four main components of professional expertise for SLPs: academic and theoretical knowledge, strategies for gathering diagnostic evidence, the ability to seek, understand, and apply evolving scientific evidence, and the application of therapeutic strategies. Designed to encourage creative approaches to curriculum-based speech-language therapy practices, Grammar and Syntax: Developing School-Age Children's Oral and Written Language Skills provides the foundation SLPs need to help children and adolescents achieve academic success. Key Features: * Anticipation guides at the beginning of each chapter stimulate readers to prepare for reading * Bolded key terms and a comprehensive glossary improve retention of material * Related resources in addition to cited sources provide jumping off points for deeper understanding * Tables of language development references to use at-a-glance * An evidence-based approach that references many primary and historical sources, including the “big names” in each content area * A unique combination of the perspectives of language development and language disorders with literacy development and literacy difficulties
Language Development
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Author : Lois Bloom
language : en
Publisher: Mit Press
Release Date : 1970
Language Development written by Lois Bloom and has been published by Mit Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1970 with Language Arts & Disciplines categories.
The research reported is in investigation into the early acquisition of grammar by three children from the age of approximately 19 months. Nonlinguistic information from situational and behavioral context was used to infer the semantic intent of utterances in order to analyze the development of linguistic expression. Previous psycholinguistic studies of child language had described utterances in terms of the orderly distribution with which words occurred in juxtaposition. In this study, by making judgments of semantic intent, it was possible to describe the inherent structure of utterances so that conclusions could be drawn about the child's knowledge of semantic-syntactic relationship in the derivation of sentences. For example, when the child said "Mommy sock" and Mommy was putting the child's sock on the child, it was clear that a different semantic interpretation was intended than when the child said "Mommy sock" and picked up Mommy's sock. The syntactic components of generative transformational grammars were proposed for those samples of the children's language in which mean length of utterance was less than 1.5 morphemes. For the psychologist, the book provides added insight into the relative development of syntactic expression and underlying cognitive function. It was clear, for example, that the two did not develop hand in hand. For the linguist, the book provides additional evidence for the growing conclusion that child language is not incoherent. There is strong evidence presented to demonstrate the extent (and limitations) of the child's knowledge of basic grammatical relations in the earliest two-word utterances. For the speech pathologist concerned with language disorders in children, the evidence presented and the resulting conclusions should provide important hypotheses for application in treatment. One of the major contributions that this book will make to the literature on child language is the presentation of a large body of data in support of the conclusions that have been drawn. There is an extensive catalog of the children's earliest two-word utterances, negative sentences, and syntactic and single-word lexicons. This evidence should prove invaluable to other researchers in the field.
The Development Of The Grammatical System In Early Second Language Acquisition
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Author : Anke Lenzing
language : en
Publisher: John Benjamins Publishing
Release Date : 2013-08-14
The Development Of The Grammatical System In Early Second Language Acquisition written by Anke Lenzing and has been published by John Benjamins Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-08-14 with Language Arts & Disciplines categories.
Shortlisted for the Christopher Brumfit Award in Applied Linguistics.The Development of the Grammatical System in Early Second Language Acquisition focuses on the acquisition process of early L2 learners. It is based on the following key hypothesis: the initial mental grammatical system of L2 learners is constrained semantically, syntactically and mnemonically. This hypothesis is formalised as the Multiple Constraints Hypothesis. The empirical test of the Multiple Constraints Hypothesis is based on a large database including cross-sectional and longitudinal data from square-one ESL beginners. The study demonstrates that the postulated constraints are relaxed successively as learning progresses. The book is intended for postgraduate students as well as SLA researchers.
The Development Of Grammar
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Author : Esther Rinke
language : en
Publisher: John Benjamins Publishing
Release Date : 2011
The Development Of Grammar written by Esther Rinke and has been published by John Benjamins Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011 with Language Arts & Disciplines categories.
This volume focuses on different aspects of language development. The contributions are concerned with similarities and differences between first and second language acquisition, the acquisition of sentence structure and functional categories, cross-linguistic influence in bilingual first language acquisition as well as the relation between language acquisition, language contact and diachronic change. The recurrent topic of the volume is the link between linguistic variation and the limitation of structural variability in the framework of a well-defined theory of language. In this respect, the volume opens up new perspectives for future research.
The Acquisition Of Verb Placement
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Author : J. Meisel
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-06
The Acquisition Of Verb Placement written by J. Meisel and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Language Arts & Disciplines categories.
other aspects of developing grammars. And this is, indeed, what the contributions to this volume do. Parameterization of functional categories may, however, be understood in different ways, even if one shares the dual assumptions that substantive elements (verbs, nouns, etc. ) are present in all grammars and that X-bar principles are part of the grammatical knowledge available to the child prior to language-specific learning processes. From these assumptions it follows that the child should, from early on, be able to construct projections on the basis of these elements. The role of functional categories, however, may still be interpreted differently. One possibility, first suggested by Radford (1986, 1990) and by Guilfoyle and Noonan (1988), is that children must discover which functional categories (FC) need to be implemented in the grammar of the language they are acquiring. Another possibility, first explored by Hyams (1986), is that a specific category is present in developing grammars but that parameter values are set in a way deviating from the target adult grammar, corresponding, however, to options realized in other adult systems. A third option would be that these categories might be specified differently in developing as opposed to mature grammars. All three are explored in the papers collected in this volume. Before outlining the various hypotheses in more detail, however, I would like briefly to sketch the grammatical context in which the following debate is situated. 2.
Developing Composition Skills
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Author : Mary K. Ruetten
language : en
Publisher: Heinle Elt
Release Date : 2002
Developing Composition Skills written by Mary K. Ruetten and has been published by Heinle Elt this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2002 with Juvenile Nonfiction categories.
An intermediate-level writing text for academically bound ESL and EFL students. The program provides paragraph-level writing development, introduction to and use of rhetorical strategies, grammar support, and a rich selection of readings that serve as springboards for writing.
Get A Grip On Grammar
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Author : Dee C. Konrad
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1999
Get A Grip On Grammar written by Dee C. Konrad and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1999 with English language categories.