Developing Survey Based Measures Of Gendered Freedom Of Movement For Use In Studies Of Agricultural Value Chains
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Developing Survey Based Measures Of Gendered Freedom Of Movement For Use In Studies Of Agricultural Value Chains
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Author : Heckert, Jessica
language : en
Publisher: Intl Food Policy Res Inst
Release Date : 2020-10-22
Developing Survey Based Measures Of Gendered Freedom Of Movement For Use In Studies Of Agricultural Value Chains written by Heckert, Jessica and has been published by Intl Food Policy Res Inst this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-10-22 with Political Science categories.
Freedom of movement is an important aspect of women’s empowerment, especially in the context of rural transformation as women attempt to transition from subsistence agriculture into more remunerative roles, such as involvement in higher nodes of the agricultural value chain, which often involves marketing activities and traveling away from the home. Nevertheless, there is no agreement on how to measure freedom of movement in large-scale surveys. First, we develop a conceptual framework for studying gendered freedom of movement that considers individual and household characteristics, along with the broader social environment. We then synthesize the existing literature on factors that affect freedom of movement. Next, we review approaches for measuring freedom of movement that have been used in previous surveys. In comparing existing survey-based approaches to the conceptual framework and existing literature, we conclude that existing approaches are limited in several ways. Foremost, they primarily focus on family- and household-based barriers to freedom of movement, and do not consider the barriers present in the broader social environment. Additionally, they lack consideration for how freedom of movement may affect women’s economic participation. To address the need for survey-based modules for studies that examine how freedom of movement is related to economic participation, we propose two new approaches. The first approach is an experience-based module that asks about frequency of visiting specific places, whether they were ever prevented from going to each of these places, and various limiting factors. The second approach uses vignettes designed to understand the relative strength of different social norms limiting women’s freedom of movement and the strength of sanctions that would be imposed for violating these norms. Data collected with these modules have the potential to better understand limitations on women’s freedom of movement and their consequences.
Developing Survey Based Measures Of Gendered Freedom Of Movement For Use In Studies Of Agricultural Value Chains
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Author : Jessica Heckert
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2020
Developing Survey Based Measures Of Gendered Freedom Of Movement For Use In Studies Of Agricultural Value Chains written by Jessica Heckert and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020 with categories.
Gender Gaps In Agricultural Growth And Development Opportunities For Improving Gender Responsive Programming
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Author : Blackmore, Ivy
language : en
Publisher: Intl Food Policy Res Inst
Release Date : 2022-05-11
Gender Gaps In Agricultural Growth And Development Opportunities For Improving Gender Responsive Programming written by Blackmore, Ivy and has been published by Intl Food Policy Res Inst this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-05-11 with Political Science categories.
In addition to identifying gender gaps and other challenges and opportunities for entrepreneurship in agricultural growth and development, this brief focuses on potential for improvement in the key areas of (1) seed systems, (2) finance and market access, and (3) production and value chains. While gender norms and challenges are inherently context-specific, the underlying intention of this evidence brief is to provide an overview of research findings from low- and middle-income countries, to address key questions and challenges that can be generalized across contexts, and to offer suggestions of promising approaches and best practices.
What Are You Talking About Applying Cognitive Interviewing To Improve Survey Questions On Women S Economic Empowerment For Market Inclusion
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Author : Myers, Emily
language : en
Publisher: Intl Food Policy Res Inst
Release Date : 2023-06-07
What Are You Talking About Applying Cognitive Interviewing To Improve Survey Questions On Women S Economic Empowerment For Market Inclusion written by Myers, Emily and has been published by Intl Food Policy Res Inst this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-06-07 with Political Science categories.
Monitoring progress toward women’s empowerment requires tools that reflect its underlying concepts. Cognitive interviewing is a qualitative approach for identifying sources of error in how respondents respond to survey items. This study identifies cognitive errors in survey modules included in the project level Women’s Empowerment in Agriculture Index for Market Inclusion (pro-WEAI+MI) in Benin and Malawi. Comprehension, retrieval, judgment, and response errors were all found to different degrees in the nine modules comprising the survey instrument. There are variations in findings by country context and, to a lesser extent, gender. The findings of this study informed revisions to the pro-WEAI+MI survey instrument and offer insights into how best to design survey modules used for monitoring progress toward gender equality in agricultural value chains and development efforts.
Conceptualizing Women S Empowerment In Agrifood Systems Governance A New Framework
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Author : Ragasa, Catherine
language : en
Publisher: Intl Food Policy Res Inst
Release Date : 2023-01-03
Conceptualizing Women S Empowerment In Agrifood Systems Governance A New Framework written by Ragasa, Catherine and has been published by Intl Food Policy Res Inst this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-01-03 with Political Science categories.
This paper develops a new framework to measure and track women’s empowerment in governance of countries’ agrifood systems. All too often, women’s needs, priorities, and voices are missing from the policy process, even when women may be disproportionately affected by shocks or have distinct policy preferences. The Women’s Empowerment in Agrifood Systems Governance (WEAGov) is an assessment framework to help countries and stakeholders measure the extent of inclusion and leadership of women in agrifood systems governance and to identify gaps and opportunities for improvement. WEAGov looks across three stages of the policy cycle: policy design, policy implementation, and policy evaluation. At each stage of the policy cycle, WEAGov asks three questions central to women’s empowerment in governance: Are women considered? Are women included? And are women influencing? This paper describes the process of conceptualizing and developing the WEAGov assessment framework by drawing together evidence, experience, and lessons from the literature and from over 30 stakeholder consultations across several countries and sectors to develop a practical and theoretically grounded framework.
The Status Of Women In Agrifood Systems
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Author : Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
language : en
Publisher: Food & Agriculture Org.
Release Date : 2023-04-13
The Status Of Women In Agrifood Systems written by Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and has been published by Food & Agriculture Org. this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-04-13 with Social Science categories.
The status of women in agrifood systems report uses extensive new data and analyses to provide a comprehensive picture of women’s participation, benefits, and challenges they face working in agrifood systems globally. The report shows how increasing women’s empowerment and gender equality in agrifood systems enhances women’s well-being and the well-being of their households, creating opportunities for economic growth, greater incomes, productivity and resilience. The report comes more than a decade after the publication of the State of food and agriculture (SOFA) 2010–11: Women in agriculture – Closing the gender gap for development. SOFA 2010–11 documented the tremendous costs of gender inequality not only for women but also for agriculture and the broader economy and society, making the business case for closing existing gender gaps in accessing agricultural assets, inputs and services. Moving beyond agriculture, The status of women in agrifood systems reflects not only on how gender equality and women’s empowerment are central to the transition towards sustainable and resilient agrifood systems but also on how the transformation of agrifood systems can contribute to gender equality and women’s empowerment. It provides a comprehensive analysis of the available evidence on gender equality and women’s empowerment in agrifood systems that has been produced over the last decade. The report also provides policymakers and development actors with an extensive review of what has worked, highlighting the promise of moving from closing specific gender gaps towards the adoption of gender-transformative approaches that explicitly address the formal and informal structural constraints to equality. It concludes with specific recommendations on the way forward. Last update 03/08/2023
Explaining The Gender Gap In Profits Among Entrepreneurs In Malawi
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Author : Duval-Diop, Dominique
language : en
Publisher: Intl Food Policy Res Inst
Release Date : 2021-04-09
Explaining The Gender Gap In Profits Among Entrepreneurs In Malawi written by Duval-Diop, Dominique and has been published by Intl Food Policy Res Inst this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-04-09 with Political Science categories.
In this paper, we utilize decomposition methods to document the extent and drivers of the performance gap in Malawi between firms with a female owner and firms with a male owner. We find that, on average, male-owned businesses in Malawi earn profits more than double (120%) those of female-owned businesses. We use Kitagawa-Oaxaca-Blinder (KOB) mean-decomposition techniques and recentered influence function (RIF) regressions applied along the earnings distribution, coupled with data from a novel multi-topic household survey rich in details about entrepreneurship, to identify what proportion of the gender gap in business profits can be attributed to: (i) differences in average characteristics of profit-generating factors (composition effect) and (ii) gender differences in the returns to these factors (structure effect). We find that 59.8% of the mean gender gap is explained by gender differences in the levels of observable attributes, with the remaining 40.2% attributable to the lower returns to observable attributes obtained by female owners, i.e., female structural disadvantage. The composition effect is primarily driven by female owners’ role as the primary caregiver in most households and a lack of capital. The female structural disadvantage can largely be attributed to female owners’ heightened perception of sexual hostility in the work environment and non-cognitive skills related to entrepreneurship (perseverance in challenging tasks and environments, optimism, and passion for work). When looking along the distribution, capital stock appears to be a primary driver of the composition effect except in the bottom quintile of firms. In contrast, caregiving responsibilities are a driver of the composition effect in the bottom three quintiles only. Differences in the returns to capital appear to be a very significant driver of the female structural disadvantage in the bottom quintile.
Cross Cutting Gender Research And Coordination Highlights Lessons Learned And Priorities For One Cgiar Cross Cutting Gender Research And Coordination Highlights Lessons Learned And Priorities For One Cgiar
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Author : CGIAR Research Program on Policies, Institutions and Markets (PIM)
language : un
Publisher: Intl Food Policy Res Inst
Release Date : 2021-04-28
Cross Cutting Gender Research And Coordination Highlights Lessons Learned And Priorities For One Cgiar Cross Cutting Gender Research And Coordination Highlights Lessons Learned And Priorities For One Cgiar written by CGIAR Research Program on Policies, Institutions and Markets (PIM) and has been published by Intl Food Policy Res Inst this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-04-28 with Political Science categories.
How do access to and control over inputs and resources affect productivity of men and women, and what other factors might explain observed differences in productivity? A range of studies under Flagship 6 consider how women’s empowerment and agency influence technical and allocative efficiency on the farm, analyzing a variety of sectors in countries including Bangladesh, Senegal, and Egypt. Evidence from Bangladesh (Seymour 2017) showed that reduced gender disparities, as measured by the Women’s Empowerment in Agriculture Index (WEAI), are associated with higher technical efficiency in farming, while complementary evidence from Senegal (Hoel et al. 2017) showed that low levels of spousal cooperation, measured by lab-inthe-field games, result in productive inefficiencies in dairy farming. This work highlights the value of gender equity for productivity and validates the ability of both the WEAI and games to predict productivity. Additional research (Bernard et al. 2017) showed that households in which women control contracts for milk were more likely to demand micronutrient-fortified milk, suggesting the value of women’s involvement. In Senegal, PIM-developed vignettes have been used in a survey to understand patterns of intrahousehold decision-making and the impacts on milk production. A set of papers on gender, land rights, and irrigation (Najjar et al. 2019 [journal article and policy brief] and Najjar et al. 2020) analyzes these relationships in Egypt, a country where little work has been done on women’s control over assets. The research demonstrates that women are much more involved in irrigation than is commonly believed.
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Author : FAO
language : zh-CN
Publisher: Food & Agriculture Org.
Release Date : 2024-02-29
written by FAO and has been published by Food & Agriculture Org. this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2024-02-29 with Social Science categories.
本报告不仅详细概述了在农业部门工作的妇女的状况，而且更广泛地概述了在农业粮食体系所有部门工作的妇女的状况。报告显示，在农业粮食体系中，为妇女，尤其是农村妇女创造就业机会，可改善她们的福祉，并为经济增长、提高收入和生产力以及增强复原力创造有利条件。该报告是在《2010–11年粮食及农业状况》出版十多年后发布的。《2010–11年粮食及农业状况：农业中的女性 — 填性别鸿沟，促农业发展》呼吁消除在获得农业产品、投入和服务方面的性别差距，并分析了性别不平等不仅给妇女和农业部门，而且给更广泛的经济和整个社会带来的巨大代价。除了2010–2011年版的中心主题外，今年的报告不仅强调了性别平等和妇女赋权在向可持续和有复原力的农业粮食体系过渡中发挥的关键作用，还介绍了农业粮食体系中存在的性别平等和妇女赋权问题，以及农业粮食体系的这一变革反过来可对这两个目标做出的贡献。本报告详细分析了过去10年中有关农业粮食体系中性别平等和妇女赋权问题的数据，还向决策者和发展行动者详细介绍了哪些措施行之有效，并就前进的道路提出了具体建议。
Annual Report 2020 Cgiar Research Program On Policies Institutions And Markets Pim
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Author : CGIAR Research Program on Policies, Institutions, and Markets (PIM)
language : en
Publisher: Intl Food Policy Res Inst
Release Date : 2021-09-09
Annual Report 2020 Cgiar Research Program On Policies Institutions And Markets Pim written by CGIAR Research Program on Policies, Institutions, and Markets (PIM) and has been published by Intl Food Policy Res Inst this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-09-09 with Political Science categories.
In 2020, PIM findings contributed to seed policies in Nepal and Uganda, Malawi’s extension strategy and approval of insect-resistant cotton, a nationwide program aimed at improving the effectiveness of public service delivery in Uganda, social protection programs in Egypt, and school gardens for better nutrition in Papua New Guinea. At the global level, PIM research was used to shape strategic decisions of organizations such as the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, GIZ, the Inter-American Development Bank, the UK Government's Foreign, Commonwealth & Development Office, the World Bank and the World Health Organization. PIM tools were incorporated in universities’ curricula in India and South Africa. Examples of PIM innovations scaled up by partners in 2020 are private sector seed marketing in Ethiopia, picture-based insurance in Ethiopia, India and Kenya, and tools for inclusive governance of natural resources in India and Peru.