Development And Benchmarking Of New Hardware Architectures For Emerging Cryptographic Transformations
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Development And Benchmarking Of New Hardware Architectures For Emerging Cryptographic Transformations
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Author : Marcin Rogawski
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2013
Development And Benchmarking Of New Hardware Architectures For Emerging Cryptographic Transformations written by Marcin Rogawski and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013 with Computer architecture categories.
Cryptography is a very active branch of science. Due to the everlasting struggle between cryptographers, designing new algorithms, and cryptanalysts, attempting to break them, the cryptographic standards are constantly evolving. In the period 2007-2012, the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) held a competition to select a new cryptographic hash function standard, called SHA-3. The major outcome of this contest, apart from the winner - Keccak, is a strong portfolio of cryptographic hash functions. One of the five final SHA-3 finalists, Grøstl, has been inspired by Advanced Encryption Standard (AES), and thus can share hardware resources with AES. As a part of this thesis, we have developed a new hardware architecture for a high-speed coprocessor supporting HMAC (Hash Message Authentication Code) based on Grøstl and AES in the counter mode. Both algorithms provide efficient hardware acceleration for the authenticated encryption functionality, used in multiple practical security protocols (e.g., IPSec, SSL, and SSH). Our coprocessor outperforms the most competitive design by Jarvinen in terms of the throughput and throughput/area ratio by 133% and 64%, respectively. Pairing-based cryptography has emerged as an important alternative and supplement to traditional public key cryptography. Pairing-based schemes can be used for identity-based encryption, tripartite key exchange protocols, short signatures, identity-based signatures, cryptanalysis, and many other important applications. Compared to other popular public key cryptosystems, such as ECC and RSA, pairing-based schemes are much more computationally intensive. Therefore, hardware acceleration based on modern high-performance FPGAs is an important implementation option. Pairing-schemes over prime fields are considered particularly resistant to cryptanalysis, but at the same time, the most challenging to implement in hardware. One of the most promising optimization options is taking advantage of embedded resources of modern FPGAs. Practically all FPGA vendors incorporate in modern FPGAs, apart from basic reconfigurable logic blocks, also embedded components, such as DSP units, Fast Carry Chain Adders, and large memory blocks. These hardwired FPGA resources, together with meticulously selected prime numbers, such as Mersenne, Fermat, or Solinas primes, can serve as a basis of an efficient hardware implementation. In this work, we demonstrate a novel high-speed architecture for Tate pairing over prime fields, based on the use of Solinas primes, Fast Carry Chains, and DSP units of modern FPGAs. Our architecture combines Booth recoding, Barrett modular reduction, and the high-radix carry-save representation in the new design for modular multiplication over Solinas primes. Similarly, a low-latency modular adder, based on high-radix carry save addition, Fast Carry Chains, and the Kogge-Stone architecture, has been proposed. The modular multiplier and adder based on the aforementioned principles have been used as basic building blocks for a higher level application - a high-speed hardware accelerator for Tate pairing on twisted supersingular Edwards curves over prime fields. The fastest version of our design calculates Tate pairing at the 80, 120 and 128-bit security level over prime fields in 0.13, 0.54 and 0.70 ms, respectively. It is the fastest pairing implementation over prime fields in the 120-128-bit security range. Apart of the properly designed architectures for cryptographic algorithms, one more ingredient contributes to the success of a hardware coprocessor for any application - an electronic design automation software and its set of options. Concerning this issue, Cryptographic Engineering Research Group (CERG) at Mason has developed an open-source environment, called ATHENa (Automated Tool for Hardware EvaluatioN), for fair, comprehensive, automated, and collaborative hardware benchmarking and optimization of algorithms implemented in FPGAs. One of the contributions of this thesis is the design of the heart of ATHENa: its most efficient heuristic optimization algorithm, called GMU Optimization 1. As a basis of its development, multiple comprehensive experiments have been conducted. This algorithm has been demonstrated to provide up to 100% improvement in terms of the throughput to area ratio, when applied to 14 SHA-3 Round 2 candidates. Additionally, our optimization strategy is applicable to the optimization of dedicated hardware in any other area of science and engineering.
The Invention Effect
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Author : Aditya Basu
language : en
Publisher: Ukiyoto Publishing
Release Date :
The Invention Effect written by Aditya Basu and has been published by Ukiyoto Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on with Fiction categories.
This book isn't simply a chronological inventory of human achievements; it's an exploration of how inventions have fundamentally reshaped civilization's trajectory. Through carefully researched analysis, "The Invention Effect" examines the crucial innovations that have defined—and redefined—human potential throughout history. The narrative begins with primitive communication methods (like smoke signals and drums) and traces their evolution into our current digital ecosystem. Each chapter reveals the underlying patterns of discovery, highlighting not just what was invented but why these particular innovations triggered cascading changes across society. You'll understand how transportation technologies progressively compressed distance and time, fundamentally altering human mobility and connection. The book also investigates how innovations in information storage—from clay tablets to cloud computing—have exponentially expanded our collective memory and knowledge capabilities. By examining these transformative moments through multiple lenses—technological, social, economic, and cultural—readers gain a comprehensive understanding of how invention serves as both a mirror and catalyst for human progress. Rather than presenting innovation as inevitable, the book illuminates the complex interplay between human ingenuity, societal needs, and historical circumstances that together create the conditions for breakthrough discoveries.
Embedded Computing
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Author : Joseph A. Fisher
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier
Release Date : 2005-01-19
Embedded Computing written by Joseph A. Fisher and has been published by Elsevier this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2005-01-19 with Computers categories.
The fact that there are more embedded computers than general-purpose computers and that we are impacted by hundreds of them every day is no longer news. What is news is that their increasing performance requirements, complexity and capabilities demand a new approach to their design. Fisher, Faraboschi, and Young describe a new age of embedded computing design, in which the processor is central, making the approach radically distinct from contemporary practices of embedded systems design. They demonstrate why it is essential to take a computing-centric and system-design approach to the traditional elements of nonprogrammable components, peripherals, interconnects and buses. These elements must be unified in a system design with high-performance processor architectures, microarchitectures and compilers, and with the compilation tools, debuggers and simulators needed for application development. In this landmark text, the authors apply their expertise in highly interdisciplinary hardware/software development and VLIW processors to illustrate this change in embedded computing. VLIW architectures have long been a popular choice in embedded systems design, and while VLIW is a running theme throughout the book, embedded computing is the core topic. Embedded Computing examines both in a book filled with fact and opinion based on the authors many years of R&D experience.· Complemented by a unique, professional-quality embedded tool-chain on the authors' website, http://www.vliw.org/book· Combines technical depth with real-world experience · Comprehensively explains the differences between general purpose computing systems and embedded systems at the hardware, software, tools and operating system levels. · Uses concrete examples to explain and motivate the trade-offs.
Documentation Abstracts
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1987
Documentation Abstracts written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1987 with Documentation categories.
Adams Pech Die Welt Zu Retten
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Author : Arto Paasilinna
language : de
Publisher:
Release Date : 2009
Adams Pech Die Welt Zu Retten written by Arto Paasilinna and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009 with categories.
Aatami Rymättylä hat den Weg aus der drohenden Ölkrise gefunden: einen winzigen Akku, der Strom im Überfluss liefern kann. Um die umwälzende Erfindung zu vermarkten, fehlt Aatami jedoch das Geld. Zum Glück nimmt sich Eeva Kontupohja des vom Pech verfolgten Weltretters an. Die neue Energiequelle stösst jedoch nicht nur auf Gegenliebe. Die Ölmultis setzen einen sizilianischen Killer auf Aatami an.
Hardware Architectures For Post Quantum Digital Signature Schemes
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Author : Deepraj Soni
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2020-10-27
Hardware Architectures For Post Quantum Digital Signature Schemes written by Deepraj Soni and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-10-27 with Technology & Engineering categories.
This book explores C-based design, implementation, and analysis of post-quantum cryptography (PQC) algorithms for signature generation and verification. The authors investigate NIST round 2 PQC algorithms for signature generation and signature verification from a hardware implementation perspective, especially focusing on C-based design, power-performance-area-security (PPAS) trade-offs and design flows targeting FPGAs and ASICs. Describes a comprehensive set of synthesizable c code base as well as the hardware implementations for the different types of PQC algorithms including lattice-based, code-based, and multivariate-based; Demonstrates the hardware (FPGA and ASIC) and hardware-software optimizations and trade-offs of the NIST round 2 signature-based PQC algorithms; Enables designers to build hardware implementations that are resilient to a variety of side-channels.
Embedded Cryptographic Hardware
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Author : Nadia Nedjah
language : en
Publisher: Nova Publishers
Release Date : 2004
Embedded Cryptographic Hardware written by Nadia Nedjah and has been published by Nova Publishers this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2004 with Computers categories.
Modern cryptology, which is the basis of information security techniques, started in the late 70's and developed in the 80's. As communication networks were spreading deep into society, the need for secure communication greatly promoted cryptographic research. The need for fast but secure cryptographic systems is growing bigger. Therefore, dedicated systems for cryptography are becoming a key issue for designers. With the spread of reconfigurable hardware such as FPGAs, hardware implementations of cryptographic algorithms become cost-effective. The focus of this book is on all aspects of embedded cryptographic hardware. Of special interest are contributions that describe new secure and fast hardware implementations and new efficient algorithms, methodologies and protocols for secure communications. This book is organised in two parts. The first part is dedicated to embedded hardware of cryptosystems while the second part focuses on new algorithms for cryptography, design methodologies and secure protocols.
Lattice Based Public Key Cryptography In Hardware
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Author : Sujoy Sinha Roy
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2019-11-12
Lattice Based Public Key Cryptography In Hardware written by Sujoy Sinha Roy and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-11-12 with Technology & Engineering categories.
This book describes the efficient implementation of public-key cryptography (PKC) to address the security challenges of massive amounts of information generated by the vast network of connected devices, ranging from tiny Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) tags to powerful desktop computers. It investigates implementation aspects of post quantum PKC and homomorphic encryption schemes whose security is based on the hardness of the ring-learning with error (LWE) problem. The work includes designing an FPGA-based accelerator to speed up computation on encrypted data in the cloud computer. It also proposes a more practical scheme that uses a special module called recryption box to assist homomorphic function evaluation, roughly 20 times faster than the implementation without this module.
Reconfigurable Architectures For Cryptographic Systems
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Author : Adrien Le Masle
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2013
Reconfigurable Architectures For Cryptographic Systems written by Adrien Le Masle and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013 with categories.
Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) are suitable platforms for implementing cryptographic algorithms in hardware due to their flexibility, good performance and low power consumption. Computer security is becoming increasingly important and security requirements such as key sizes are quickly evolving. This creates the need for customisable hardware designs for cryptographic operations capable of covering a large design space. In this thesis we explore the four design dimensions relevant to cryptography - speed, area, power consumption and security of the crypto-system - by developing parametric designs for public-key generation and encryption as well as side-channel attack countermeasures. There are four contributions. First, we present new architectures for Montgomery multiplication and exponentiation based on variable pipelining and variable serial replication. Our implementations of these architectures are compared to the best implementations in the literature and the design space is explored in terms of speed and area trade-offs. Second, we generalise our Montgomery multiplier design ideas by developing a parametric model to allow rapid optimisation of a general class of algorithms containing loops with dependencies carried from one iteration to the next. By predicting the throughput and the area of the design, our model facilitates and speeds up design space exploration. Third, we develop new architectures for primality testing including the first hardware architecture for the NIST approved Lucas primality test. We explore the area, speed and power consumption trade-offs by comparing our Lucas architectures on CPU, FPGA and ASIC. Finally, we tackle the security issue by presenting two novel power attack countermeasures based on on-chip power monitoring. Our constant power framework uses a closed-loop control system to keep the power consumption of any FPGA implementation constant. Our attack detection framework uses a network of ring-oscillators to detect the insertion of a shunt resistor-based power measurement circuit on a device's power rail. This countermeasure is lightweight and has a relatively low power overhead compared to existing masking and hiding countermeasures.
Cryptographic Hardware And Embedded Systems Ches 2000
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Author : Cetin K. Koc
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2003-07-31
Cryptographic Hardware And Embedded Systems Ches 2000 written by Cetin K. Koc and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2003-07-31 with Computers categories.
This book constitutes the thoroughly refereed post-proceedings of the Second International Workshop on Cryptographic Hardware and Embedded Systems, CHES 2000, held in Worcester, MA, USA in August 2000. The 25 revised full papers presented together with two invited contributions were carefully reviewed and selected from 51 submissions. The papers are organized in topical sections on implementation of elliptic curve cryptosystems, power and timing analysis attacks, hardware implementation of block ciphers, hardware architectures, power analysis attacks, arithmetic architectures, physical security and cryptanalysis, and new schemes and algorithms.