Development Of A Photonic Band Gap Structure Through Titania Sol Gel Coating Of Polystyrene Spheres
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Development Of A Photonic Band Gap Structure Through Titania Sol Gel Coating Of Polystyrene Spheres
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Author : Sara Lea Rolfe
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1998
Development Of A Photonic Band Gap Structure Through Titania Sol Gel Coating Of Polystyrene Spheres written by Sara Lea Rolfe and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1998 with categories.
Photonic band gap structures are ordered, periodic dielectric structures, which have interesting optical properties and many applications including preventing spontaneous emission and filtering. Using the sol-gel process, colloidal polystyrene particles were fully coated with silica and titania and then the coated spheres were crystallized into an ordered arrangement of spheres by heating. The sol-gel titania was fully dense and shrank 30.4% from the green state to the sintered state. The colloidal polystyrene particles decomposed during heating at 335°C while the sol-gel titania goes through a three step transformation starting at 400°C and ending at 550°C. After heating to 550°C, X-ray diffraction shows that the titania is anatase in structure. Inverse structures, with dimensions in the optical range, were developed with varying degrees of order. Slow drying in a high humidity atmosphere, decreased sample mold thickness, and a sol-gel precursor with large R groups aided in improving the short-range periodicity. dip-coating. Areas of ordered holes separated by thick titania sections were created using dip-coating. The best order was obtained by centrifuging the coated spheres. As an alternative route, the uncoated polystyrene spheres crystallized into well-ordered grains which could be infiltrated by the sol-gel solution. Spectroscopy results did not indicate a definite band gap where expected due to imperfection of the periodicity and surface roughness.
The Development Of Layered Photonic Band Gap Structures Using A Micro Transfer Molding Technique
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Author : Kevin Jerome Sutherland
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2001
The Development Of Layered Photonic Band Gap Structures Using A Micro Transfer Molding Technique written by Kevin Jerome Sutherland and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2001 with categories.
Over the last ten years, photonic band gap (PBG) theory and technology have become an important area of research because of the numerous possible applications ranging from high-efficiency laser diodes to optical circuitry. This research concentrates on reducing the length scale in the fabrication of layered photonic band gap structures and developing procedures to improve processing consistency. Various procedures and materials have been used in the fabrication of layered PBG structures. This research focused on an economical micro transfer molding approach to create the final PBG structure. A poly dimethlysiloxane (PDMS) rubber mold was created from a silicon substrate. It was filled with epoxy and built layer-by-layer to create a 3-D epoxy structure. This structure was infiltrated with nanoparticle titania or a titania sol-gel, then fired to remove the polymer mold, leaving a monolithic ceramic inverse of the epoxy structure. The final result was a lattice of titania rods that resembles a face-centered tetragonal structure. The original intent of this research was to miniaturize this process to a bar size small enough to create a photonic band gap for wavelengths of visible electro-magnetic radiation. The factor limiting progress was the absence of a silicon master mold of small enough dimensions. The Iowa State Microelectronics Research Center fabricated samples with periodicities of 2.5 and 1.0 microns with the existing technology, but a sample was need on the order of 0.3 microns or less. A 0.4 micron sample was received from Sandia National Laboratory, which was made through an electron beam lithography process, but it contained several defects. The results of the work are primarily for from the 2.5 and 1.0 micron samples. Most of the work focused on changing processing variables in order to optimize the infiltration procedure for the best results. Several critical parameters were identified, ranging from the ambient conditions to the specifics of the procedure. It is believed that most critical for fabrication of high quality samples is control of the temperature of the sample during and after infiltration, and the rate and amount of time spent applying epoxy to the PDMS.
Fabrication Of 3 D Photonic Band Gap Material Of Tio2 By Microtransfer Molding And Sol Gel Processing
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Author : Jijun Huang
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2000
Fabrication Of 3 D Photonic Band Gap Material Of Tio2 By Microtransfer Molding And Sol Gel Processing written by Jijun Huang and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2000 with categories.
Photonic band gap (PBG) crystals are artificially engineered periodic dielectric structures which exhibit frequency regions in which electromagnetic (EM) waves cannot propagate in certain directions. By using the "master mold" with desired features, an elastomeric mold of poly (dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) with a relief structure on its surface was shaped. From these elastromeric molds, one-, two-, and multi-layer PBG samples were formed using microtransfer molding. The sol-gel solutions with the precursor of titanium diisopropoxide bis (2, 4-pentadionate)(TDBP), tetraethyl orthotitanate (TEOT) and titanium isopropoxide (TIPP) were infiltrated into the samples, respectively by spin coating. The infiltrated samples were sintered at 550°C. The sintered samples were characterized by optical microscopy, SEM and FTIR. Results show that the sintered samples experience large shrinkage (up to 40%) during heat treatment and therefore the structures had a low filling ration. The filling ratio can be enhanced by increasing the concentration of the precursor in the sol-gel. FTIR data showed that there were strong absorption peaks around 1500 cm−1 with a transmittance of 92.5% due to the existence of the first band gap of PBG structures. A sintered 4-layer sample was successfully obtained by infiltrating the sol of TDBP (26wt%) six times into the pattern through spin coating. It is likely that this approach can yield high quality three-dimensional PBG structures of Ti02.
Handbook Of Organic Inorganic Hybrid Materials And Nanocomposites Hydbrid Materials
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Author : Hari Singh Nalwa
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2003
Handbook Of Organic Inorganic Hybrid Materials And Nanocomposites Hydbrid Materials written by Hari Singh Nalwa and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2003 with Composite materials categories.
Titanium Dioxide Nanomaterials Volume 1352
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Author : Xiaobo Chen
language : en
Publisher: Materials Research Society
Release Date : 2011-11-28
Titanium Dioxide Nanomaterials Volume 1352 written by Xiaobo Chen and has been published by Materials Research Society this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011-11-28 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Titanium dioxide nanomaterials have been showing very promising applications in many fields. Scientists from all over the world have gathered together to discuss the most recent advances in areas spanning from theoretical calculations to fundamental surface science and to materials fabrication, characterization and practical exploitation. More than 160 papers, presentations and posters, were accepted in Symposium GG, "Titanium Dioxide Nanomaterials," at the 2011 MRS Spring Meeting held April 25-29 in San Francisco, California. In this volume are some of the selected papers which cover the synthesis, properties, and applications of titanium dioxide nanomaterials.
Advanced Ceramics And Composites
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Author : Hiroshige Suzuki
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2003
Advanced Ceramics And Composites written by Hiroshige Suzuki and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2003 with Science categories.
Ceramics promise to be one of the leading materials in the 21st century; with their enormous potential to play essential roles in the important and expanding fields of nano-science and technology, information technology, ecological science and engineering, energy-related engineering and life sciences.
Sol Gel Optics
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Author : Lisa C. Klein
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2013-11-27
Sol Gel Optics written by Lisa C. Klein and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-11-27 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Sol--Gel--Optics encompasses numerous schemes for fabricating optical materials from gels -- materials such as bulk optics, optical waveguides, doped oxides for laser and nonlinear optics, gradient refractive index (GRIN) optics, chemical sensors, environmental sensors, and `smart' windows. Sol--Gel--Optics: Processing and Applications provides in-depth coverage of the synthesis and fabrication of these materials and discusses the optics related to microporous, amorphous, crystalline and composite materials. The reader will also find in this book detailed descriptions of new developments in silica optics, bulk optics, waveguides and thin films. Various applications to sensor and device technology are highlighted. For researchers and students looking for novel optical materials, processing methods or device ideas, Sol--Gel--Optics: Processing and Applications surveys a wide array of promising new avenues for further investigation and for innovative applications. (This book is the first in a new subseries entitled `Electronic Materials: Science and Technology).
Tio2 Photocatalysis
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Author : Akira Fujishima
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1999
Tio2 Photocatalysis written by Akira Fujishima and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1999 with Photocatalysis categories.
Handbook Of Less Common Nanostructures
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Author : Boris I. Kharisov
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2012-03-19
Handbook Of Less Common Nanostructures written by Boris I. Kharisov and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-03-19 with Science categories.
As nanotechnology has developed over the last two decades, some nanostructures, such as nanotubes, nanowires, and nanoparticles, have become very popular. However, recent research has led to the discovery of other, less-common nanoforms, which often serve as building blocks for more complex structures. In an effort to organize the field, the Handbook of Less-Common Nanostructures presents an informal classification based mainly on the less-common nanostructures. A small nanotechnological encyclopedia, this book: Describes a range of little-known nanostructures Offers a unifying vision of the synthesis of nanostructures and the generalization of rare nanoforms Includes a CD-ROM with color versions of more than 100 nanostructures Explores the fabrication of rare nanostructures, including modern physical, chemical, and biological synthesis techniques The Handbook of Less-Common Nanostructures discusses a classification system not directly related to the dimensionality and chemical composition of nanostructure-forming compounds or composite. Instead, it is based mainly on the less-common nanostructures. Possessing unusual shapes and high surface areas, these structures are potentially very useful for catalytic, medical, electronic, and many other applications.
Sintering Key Papers
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Author : S. Somiya
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-06
Sintering Key Papers written by S. Somiya and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Technology & Engineering categories.
The 4th International Symposium on the Science and Technology of Sintering was held on 4-6 November 1987 in Tokyo. Among the many technical sessions was one entitled 'Session for Sintering-Case Study'. Over 200 participants heard these invited talks. Although some papers were over 20 years old, it is necessary to understand the authors' way of thinking. Since the end of the Second World War, many excellent papers related to sintering have appeared in many different academic journals. Some of these papers are still of value, and are still being read by today's students. The questions we have to ask are: Why does the scholar think this way? Why did the scholar perform his experiments? What is the mechanism of sintering? What is the liquid phase of sintering? What is the behavior of sintering additives? What is the history and development of sintering theory? This book includes these sort of historical papers and also new original papers on sintering, all of which are very important to our understanding of the subject. Several papers have been added for this English edition, which is thus more comprehensive than its Japanese counterpart. These papers were spread out in many different sources and the benefits of collecting them together in book form is obvious.