Development Of A Surface Hydrologic Model And Its Application To Modern And Last Glacial Conditions Within The Great Basin
DOWNLOAD
Download Development Of A Surface Hydrologic Model And Its Application To Modern And Last Glacial Conditions Within The Great Basin PDF/ePub or read online books in Mobi eBooks. Click Download or Read Online button to get Development Of A Surface Hydrologic Model And Its Application To Modern And Last Glacial Conditions Within The Great Basin book now. This website allows unlimited access to, at the time of writing, more than 1.5 million titles, including hundreds of thousands of titles in various foreign languages. If the content not found or just blank you must refresh this page
Development Of A Surface Hydrologic Model And Its Application To Modern And Last Glacial Conditions Within The Great Basin
DOWNLOAD
Author : Richard L. Orndorff
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1994
Development Of A Surface Hydrologic Model And Its Application To Modern And Last Glacial Conditions Within The Great Basin written by Richard L. Orndorff and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1994 with Glacial erosion categories.
Modeling The Pluvial Lakes Of The Great Basin During The Last Glacial Maximum
DOWNLOAD
Author : Susanne M. Clement
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2005
Modeling The Pluvial Lakes Of The Great Basin During The Last Glacial Maximum written by Susanne M. Clement and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2005 with Last Glacial Maximum categories.
This study calibrated two new versions of the Local Climate Model version 2 (LCM-2A and LCM-2B) and were used to compute gridded solution of mean monthly maximum daily temperature (TMAX) and the monthly total of the natural log of daily precipitation (LnP) for three large lake systems in the Great Basin: Lahontan, Bonneville and the Owens River domains. The boundary conditions used in this study represented modern (a control scenario) and the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) approximately 21,000 years ago (LGM scenario). Results of a sensitivity analysis suggested that LCM-2A and LCM-2B are sensitive to LGM scenario 500 mbar wind directions computed using Community Climate Model (CCM1) wind fields. As an alternative LCM scenario wind directions were computed using CCM1 control solutions and the computed wind speed was adjusted to reflect 21 ka wind speed. Using this method LGM climate solutions yielded TMAX departures of - 2.1 °C for the Lahontan region, -2.6 °C for the Owens River domain and -0.3 °C for Bonneville domain. Modeled precipitation was 2.2 times higher in Lake Lahontan, 1.7 times higher in the Owens River domain and 2.4 greater in Lake Bonneville. These solutions are consistent with published LGM climate reconstructions for the Great Basin. The Surface Hydrology Model (SHM) was used to compute annual surface runoff for each solution domain. The solutions of the SHM suggest LGM runoff was 4 times higher than control in the Bonneville domain, 5 times higher in the Owens River domain, 9.5 times greater in the Lahontan domain. The Pluvial Lakes Model (PLM) was used to compute lake system geometry for in equilibrium annual runoff. LGM solutions suggest that the lakes formed in the Lahontan and Owens River domains were under estimated when compared to reconstructed lake geometries based on geologic evidence. LGM solutions of the PLM for the Bonneville domain underestimate the size of the lake in the Great Salt Lake subbasin. The results of this dissertation suggest there is reason to believe that the three largest lake systems may not have responded synchronously to a climate forced by a southerly displaced polar jet stream.
Future Advances In Basin Modeling
DOWNLOAD
Author : Willy Fjeldskaar
language : en
Publisher: MDPI
Release Date : 2021-03-11
Future Advances In Basin Modeling written by Willy Fjeldskaar and has been published by MDPI this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-03-11 with Science categories.
This volume describes the nature, causes, and consequences of the diverse fluid movements that produce energy and mineral resources in sedimentary basins. The contained papers point to new capabilities in basin analysis methods and models. The processes that operate in the resource-producing thermo-chemical-structural reactors we call sedimentary basins are reviewed. Efficient ways to infer the tectonic history of basins are described. Impacts on hydrocarbon maturation and migration of glacial tilting, magmatic intrusion, salt migration, and fracturing are illustrated. The conditions under which subsurface flow will channel with distance traveled are identified. Seismic methods that can image and map subsurface permeability channels are described. The surface maturation, surface charge, and chemical reaction foundations of creep subsidence are set forth. Dynamic aspects of the hydrogen resource in basins are analyzed. There is much that is new that is presented in these papers with the intent of stimulating thinking and enthusiasm for the advances that will be made in future decades.
Mountain Ice And Water
DOWNLOAD
Author : John F. Shroder
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier
Release Date : 2016-11-18
Mountain Ice And Water written by John F. Shroder and has been published by Elsevier this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-11-18 with Science categories.
Mountain Ice and Water: Investigations of the Hydrologic Cycle in Alpine Environments is a new volume of papers reviewed and edited by John Shroder, Emeritus Professor of Geography and Geology at the University of Nebraska at Omaha, USA, and Greg Greenwood, Director of the Mountain Research Initiative from Bern, Switzerland. Chapters in this book were derived from research papers that were delivered at the Perth III Conference on Mountains of our Future Earth in Scotland in October 2015. The conference was established to help develop the knowledge necessary to respond effectively to the risks and opportunities of global environmental change and to support transformations toward global sustainability in the coming decades. To this end, the conference and book have investigated the future situation in mountains from three points of view. (1) Dynamic Planet: Observing, explaining, understanding, and projecting Earth, environmental, and societal system trends, drivers, and processes and their interactions to anticipate global thresholds and risks, (2) Global Sustainable Development: Increasing knowledge for sustainable, secure, and fair stewardship of biodiversity, food, water, health, energy, materials, and other ecosystem services, and (3) Transformations towards Sustainability: Understanding transformation processes and options, assessing how these relate to human values, emerging technologies and social and economic development pathways, and evaluating strategies for governing and managing the global environment across sectors and scales. Derived from research papers delivered at the Perth III Conference on Mountains of our Future Earth in Scotland in October 2015 Helps develop the knowledge necessary for responding effectively in coming decades to the risks and opportunities of global environmental change and tactics for global sustainability Provides the research community working on global change in mountains with a broader framework established by the Future Earth initiative
Development Of A Hydrologic Model To Explore Impacts Of Climate Change On Water Resources In The Big Wood Basin Idaho
DOWNLOAD
Author : Allison Marshall Inouye
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2014
Development Of A Hydrologic Model To Explore Impacts Of Climate Change On Water Resources In The Big Wood Basin Idaho written by Allison Marshall Inouye and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014 with Hydrologic models categories.
In the Western United States where 50-70% of annual precipitation comes in the form of winter snowfall, water supplies may be particularly sensitive to a warming climate. We worked with a network of stakeholders in the Big Wood Basin, Idaho, to explore how climate change may affect water resources and identify strategies that may help mitigate the impacts. The 8,300 square kilometer region in central Idaho contains a mixture of public and private land ownership, a diversity of landcover ranging from steep forested headwaters to expansive desert shrublands to a concentrated area of urban development that has experienced a quadrupling of population since the 1970s. With nearly 60% of precipitation falling as winter snow, stakeholders expressed concern regarding the vulnerability of the quantity and timing of seasonal snowpack as well as surface water supplies used primarily for agricultural irrigation under projected climate change. Here, we achieve two objectives. The first is the development of a hydrologic model to represent the dynamics of the surface water system in the Big Wood Basin. We use the semi-distributed model Envision-Flow to represent surface water hydrology, reservoir operations, and agricultural irrigation. We calibrated the model using a multi-criteria objective function that considered three metrics related to streamflow and one metric related to snow water equivalent. The model achieved higher an efficiency of 0.74 for the main stem of the Big Wood River and 0.50 for the Camas Creek tributary during the validation period. The second objective is an analysis of the Big Wood Basin hydrology under alternative future climate scenarios. We forced the calibrated model with three downscaled CMIP5 climate model inputs representing a range of possible future conditions over the period 2010-2070. The climate models simulate an increase in basin average annual air temperature ranging from 1.6-5.7oC in the 2060s compared to the 1980-2009 average. The climate models show less of a clear trend regarding precipitation but in general, one model simulates precipitation patterns similar to historic, one is slightly wetter than historic, and one is slightly drier than historic by the mid-21st century. Under these future climate scenarios, the depth of April 1 SWE may decline by as much as 92% in the 2060s compared to the historic average. Mid to high elevations exhibit the largest reductions in SWE. Simulated streamflows show a shift in timing, with peak flows occurring up to three weeks earlier and center of timing from two to seven weeks earlier in the 2050-2069 period compared to the historic period. Reduced peak flows of 14-70% were simulated by mid-century. The simulated total annual streamflow, though, fell within the historic interquartile range for most years in the future period. These and other metrics considered suggest that the surface water hydrology of the Big Wood Basin is likely to be impacted by climate change. If the natural water storage provided by the annual snowpack is reduced and timing of streamflows shifts, water resource use and management may need to change in the future. This work provides a foundation from which to explore alternative management scenarios. The approach used here can be transferred to other watersheds to further assess how water resources may be affected by climate change.
Non Standard Problems In Basin Modelling
DOWNLOAD
Author : Yurii Galushkin
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2016-05-12
Non Standard Problems In Basin Modelling written by Yurii Galushkin and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-05-12 with Science categories.
This book details how the GALO system of basin modelling may be used in the analysis of actual, non-standard problems of geology. It begins by addressing the tectonic subsidence of sedimentary basins, and goes on to consider the problems of maturation of organic matter and hydrocarbon generation in the vicinity of intrusions and subtrappean sedimentary complexes. Lastly, the book discusses the formation of temperature and heat flow distributions with depth due to the sharp climate variations in the Quaternary, which was marked by repeated formation and degradation of permafrost. The book studies the application of the GALO basin modelling system to the three problems mentioned above. Employing the GALO system provides a unique opportunity to assess the amplitude and duration of the stretching and thermal activation of the basin lithosphere, and to study in detail the formation of a maturity aureole of organic matter in the basin’s subtrappean sedimentary cover. This book offers a valuable resource for all graduate students and professionals interested in numerical modelling of the thermal evolution of sedimentary basins. It will also be of great interest to petroleum geologists engaged in oil and gas exploration in the trap provinces of the world. Lastly, it will benefit those students and geologists dealing with the thermal field of sedimentary blankets in actual and degraded permafrost areas.
Characterizing Groundwater Flow Dynamics And Storage Capacity In An Active Rock Glacier
DOWNLOAD
Author : Simon Seelig
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2022-03-07
Characterizing Groundwater Flow Dynamics And Storage Capacity In An Active Rock Glacier written by Simon Seelig and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-03-07 with Science categories.
Alpine aquifers play a critical role in the hydrology of mountainous areas by sustaining base flow in downstream rivers during dry periods and retarding flood propagation after heavy precipitation events. Progressing climate change alters climatic and meteorological boundary conditions as well as the hydraulic response of alpine catchments by ablating glaciers and thawing permafrost. Rock glaciers exert a controlling influence on the catchment response due to their prominent groundwater storage and complex drainage characteristics. This thesis investigates the hydrogeology and internal structure of the active rock glacier Innere Ölgrube (Ötztal Alps), which governs catchment runoff and is affected by permafrost degradation. A 3D geometrical model of its internal structure is obtained by combining geophysical data and permafrost creep modelling. Available data and new results are integrated into a conceptual hydrogeological model providing a sound basis for the implementation of a prospective numerical groundwater flow model. Hydraulic properties of the hydrostratigraphic units constituting the rock glacier are estimated and groundwater recharge fluxes quantified. Fundamental properties of the heterogeneous groundwater flow system within the rock glacier are discussed and compared to existing rock glacier studies.
Numerical Modelling Of Ice Floods In The Ning Meng Reach Of The Yellow River Basin
DOWNLOAD
Author : Chunqing Wang
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2018-01-29
Numerical Modelling Of Ice Floods In The Ning Meng Reach Of The Yellow River Basin written by Chunqing Wang and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-01-29 with Science categories.
The Ning-Meng reach of the Yellow River basin is located in the Inner Mongolia region at the Northern part of the Yellow River. Due to the special geographical conditions, the river flow direction is towards the North causing the Ning-Meng reach to freeze up every year in wintertime. Both during the freeze-up and break-up period, unfavourable conditions occur which may cause ice jamming and ice dam formation leading to dike breaching and overtopping of the embankment. Throughout history this has often led to considerable casualties and property loss. Enhanced economic development and human activities in the region have altered the characteristics of the ice regime in recent decades, leading to several ice disasters during freezing or breaking-up periods. The integrated water resources management plan developed by the Yellow River Conservancy Commission (YRCC) outlines the requirements for water regulation in the upper Yellow River during ice flood periods. YRCC is developing measures that not only safeguard against ice floods, but also assure the availability of adequate water resources. These provide the overall requirements for developing an ice regime forecasting system including lead-time prediction and required accuracy. In order to develop such a system, numerical modelling of ice floods is an essential component of current research at the YRCC, together with field observations and laboratory experiments. In order to properly model river ice processes it is necessary to adjust the hydrodynamic equations to account for thermodynamic effects. In this research, hydrological and meteorological data from 1950 to 2010 were used to analyse the characteristics of ice regimes in the past. Also, additional field observations were carried out for ice flood model calibration and validation. By combining meteorological forecasting models with statistical models, a medium to short range air temperature forecasting model for the Ning-Meng reach was established. These results were used to improve ice formation modelling and prolong lead-time prediction. The numerical ice flood model developed in this thesis for the Ning-Meng reach allows better forecasting of the ice regime and improved decision support for upstream reservoir regulation and taking appropriate measures for disaster risk reduction.
Toward The Use Of Modern Hydrologic Modeling Tools In Paleoclimate Studies
DOWNLOAD
Author : Cornelia Barth
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2013
Toward The Use Of Modern Hydrologic Modeling Tools In Paleoclimate Studies written by Cornelia Barth and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013 with Electronic books categories.
For decades, paleoclimatological proxy data such as tree rings, stable isotope data, and shore line dating of pluvial lakes, have been used to reconstruct past climate by means of simple water and energy balances. The lack of spatial and temporal resolution in these often lumped basin-average approaches might preclude the user from taking full advantage of the proxy information, which by nature offer only snapshot views of past conditions. Modern hydrologic modeling tools provide a means to investigate hydrologic system response to past climate conditions in high spatial and temporal resolution. This work presents the application of a spatially distributed monthly water balance model, the U.S. Geological Survey's Thornthwaite model, to explore the link between past climates, paleoclimate proxies, and hydrologic system response in two closed basin-lake systems in the Great Basin. A model calibration strategy is tested on a present-day application to explore modern proxy data that can be useful in calibrating and driving hydrologic models in ungauged watersheds. In two paleo applications, the model is used with proxy data such as shoreline dating and relict tree stumps to investigate how climate and hydrologic conditions in the two systems differed from today's conditions; to evaluate the differences in watershed response to past climate conditions when explored with the traditional lumped water balance approach vs. the spatially and temporally distributed combined water and energy balance model; and to explore specific research questions that would be difficult to answer with a lumped approach.
Application Of A Hydrological Model For Predicting River Ice Breakup
DOWNLOAD
Author : Genevieve Brown
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2019
Application Of A Hydrological Model For Predicting River Ice Breakup written by Genevieve Brown and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019 with categories.
In cold regions, the breakup of river ice can be a significant event, resulting in flooding and damage to communities. Given the severity of such events, it is desirable to be able to predict the timing and severity of breakup. Limited progress has been made on forecasting breakup related flooding as no deterministic model of the breakup process and ice jam formation exist. Current tools for predicting breakup rely on developing a relationship between the previous winter conditions and the current spring conditions, with the understanding that a rapid or large runoff with a thick ice cover has the potential for a more severe breakup than if ice has had time to melt. These tools are largely empirical, statistical, or soft computing methods which rely on historical data sets of discrete observations to relate the complex relationship between climate and hydrology to breakup conditions and are limited by access to the extensive data required. Within the current prediction methods, the application of hydrological models for forecasting breakup timing and severity is limited. Hydrological models can address some of the limitations of current tools, as they are able to simulate the complex relationships between climate and hydrology which has a strong influence on the breakup period. Additionally, hydrological models may be more practical in regions with limited data, as they can simulate variables of interest instead of relying on large historical data sets. This thesis demonstrates how a hydrological model can be used to predict the timing and severity of breakup, through the coupling of a 1D river ice model with a hydrological model. Emphasis is placed on the development of the hydrological model to ensure that it provides realistic results throughout the basin. The Liard basin, a large relatively data sparse river basin, in northern Canada is used as a case study. A thorough calibration strategy, based on an iterative, multi-objective approach is used in the development of the model. The final model exhibits strong performance in both calibration and validation throughout the basin. A simple 1D river ice model in MATLAB is coupled with the hydrological model. The hydrological model can forecast the timing of breakup well based on the timing of the initial rise in the hydrograph. Breakup severity is predicted using a simple threshold model based on ice thickness, flow, and accumulated shortwave radiation. The prediction method was applied to an independent location as verification of the methodology with promising results.